Name: localization of odorant receptor genes in locust antennae by rna in situ hybridization
Uploaded: 2017-07-13T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Localization of Odorant Receptor Genes in Locust Antennae by RNA In Situ Hybridization at JoVE.com

Bu çalışma, Çin Ulusal Doğa Bilimleri Vakfı tarafından verilen bir hibe ile destekleniyor (No.31472037). Bu makaledeki ticari isimler veya ticari ürünlerin açıklamaları, sadece belirli bilgiler sağlamak amacı taşımaktadır ve tavsiyede bulunulmamaktadır.

NOT: RNA bozunumunu sınırlamak için ıslak-otoklavlanmış damıtılmış su (60 dakika boyunca 121 ° C&#39;de) ve ayrıca ıslak-otoklav malzemeleri kullanarak çözeltiler hazırlayın. 1. RNA ISH Antisens ve Sense Problarının Hazırlanması <ol><li> Hedef gen amplifikasyonu ve saflaştırılması <ol><li> İlk olarak, fragmanların her iki ucuna adeneler ekleyen bir Taq DNA Polimerazı ile Lmigor1&#39;in tam uzunlukta cDNA&#39;sını iht...

<ol>
	<li>Sato, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Insect+olfactory+receptors+are+heteromeric+ligand-gated+ion+channels.">Insect olfactory receptors are heteromeric ligand-gated ion channels.</a> Nature. 452 (7190), 1002-1006 (2008).</li><li>Smart, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Drosophila+odorant+receptors+are+novel+seven+transmembrane+domain+proteins+that+can+signal+independently+of+heterotrimeric+G+proteins.">Drosophila odorant receptors are novel seven transmembrane domain proteins that can signal independently of heterotrimeric G proteins.</a> Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 38 (8), 770-780 (2008).</li><li>Wicher, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Drosophila+odorant+receptors+are+both+ligand-gated+and+cyclic-nucleotide-activated+cation+channels.">Drosophila odorant receptors are both ligand-gated and cyclic-nucleotide-activated cation channels.</a> Nature. 452 (7190), 1007-1011 (2008).</li><li>Carey, A. F., Wang, G., Su, C. Y., Zwiebel, L. J., Carlson, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Odorant+reception+in+the+malaria+mosquito+Anopheles+gambiae.">Odorant reception in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.</a> Nature. 464 (7258), 66-71 (2010).</li><li>Hallem, E. A., Carlson, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coding+of+odors+by+a+receptor+repertoire.">Coding of odors by a receptor repertoire.</a> Cell. 125 (1), 143-160 (2006).</li><li>Wang, G., Carey, A. F., Carlson, J. R., Zwiebel, L. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+basis+of+odor+coding+in+the+malaria+vector+mosquito+Anopheles+gambiae.">Molecular basis of odor coding in the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 107 (9), 4418-4423 (2010).</li><li>Hassanali, A., Njagi, P. G., Bashir, M. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+ecology+of+locusts+and+related+acridids.">Chemical ecology of locusts and related acridids.</a> Annu Rev Entomol. 50, 223-245 (2005).</li><li>Schaeren-Wiemers, N., Gerfin-Moser, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+single+protocol+to+detect+transcripts+of+various+types+and+expression+levels+in+neural+tissue+and+cultured+cells:+in+situ+hybridization+using+digoxigenin-labeled+cRNA+probes.">A single protocol to detect transcripts of various types and expression levels in neural tissue and cultured cells: in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probes.</a> Histochemistry. 100 (6), 431-440 (1993).</li><li>Vosshall, L. B., Amrein, H., Morozov, P. S., Rzhetsky, A., Axel, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+spatial+map+of+olfactory+receptor+expression+in+the+Drosophila+antenna.">A spatial map of olfactory receptor expression in the Drosophila antenna.</a> Cell. 96 (5), 725-736 (1999).</li><li>Yang, Y., Krieger, J., Zhang, L., Breer, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+olfactory+co-receptor+Orco+from+the+migratory+locust+(Locusta+migratoria)+and+the+desert+locust+(Schistocerca+gregaria):+identification+and+expression+pattern.">The olfactory co-receptor Orco from the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) and the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria): identification and expression pattern.</a> Int J Biol Sci. 8 (2), 159-170 (2012).</li><li>Schultze, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+co-expression+pattern+of+odorant+binding+proteins+and+olfactory+receptors+identify+distinct+trichoid+sensilla+on+the+antenna+of+the+malaria+mosquito+Anopheles+gambiae.">The co-expression pattern of odorant binding proteins and olfactory receptors identify distinct trichoid sensilla on the antenna of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.</a> PLoS One. 8 (7), e69412 (2013).</li><li>Xu, H., Guo, M., Yang, Y., You, Y., Zhang, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+expression+of+two+novel+odorant+receptors+in+the+locust+(Locusta+migratoria).">Differential expression of two novel odorant receptors in the locust (Locusta migratoria).</a> BMC Neurosci. 14, 50 (2013).</li><li>Saina, M., Benton, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualizing+olfactory+receptor+expression+and+localization+in+Drosophila.">Visualizing olfactory receptor expression and localization in Drosophila.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 1003, 211-228 (2013).</li><li>Guo, M., Krieger, J., Gro&#223;e-Wilde, E., Mi&#223;bach, C., Zhang, L., Breer, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Variant+ionotropic+receptors+are+expressed+in+olfactory+sensory+neurons+of+coeloconic+sensilla+on+the+antenna+of+the+desert+locust+(Schistocerca+gregaria).">Variant ionotropic receptors are expressed in olfactory sensory neurons of coeloconic sensilla on the antenna of the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria).</a> Int J Biol Sci. 10 (1), 1-14 (2013).</li><li>You, Y., Smith, D. P., Lv, M., Zhang, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+broadly+tuned+odorant+receptor+in+neurons+of+trichoid+sensilla+in+locust,+Locusta+migratoria.">A broadly tuned odorant receptor in neurons of trichoid sensilla in locust, Locusta migratoria.</a> Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 79, 66-72 (2016).</li><li>Jiang, X., Pregitzer, P., Grosse-Wilde, E., Breer, H., Krieger, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+and+characterization+of+two+"Sensory+Neuron+Membrane+Proteins"+(SNMPs)+of+the+desert+locust,+Schistocerca+gregaria+(Orthoptera:+Acrididae).">Identification and characterization of two "Sensory Neuron Membrane Proteins" (SNMPs) of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae).</a> J Insect Sci. 16 (1), 33 (2016).</li><li>Angerer, L. M., Angerer, R. C., Wilkinson, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+situ.+hybridization+to+cellular+RNA+with+radiolabelled+RNA+probes.">In situ. hybridization to cellular RNA with radiolabelled RNA probes.</a> In situ hybridization. , 2 (1992).</li><li>Komminoth, P., Merk, F. B., Leav, I., Wolfe, H. J., Roth, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+35S-+and+digoxigenin-labeled+RNA+and+oligonucleotide+probes+for+in+situ+hybridization.+Expression+of+mRNA+of+the+seminal+vesicle+secretion+protein+II+and+androgen+receptor+genes+in+the+rat+prostate.">Comparison of 35S- and digoxigenin-labeled RNA and oligonucleotide probes for in situ hybridization. Expression of mRNA of the seminal vesicle secretion protein II and androgen receptor genes in the rat prostate.</a> Histochemistry. 98 (4), 217-228 (1992).</li><li>Leary, J. J., Brigati, D. J., Ward, D. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+and+sensitive+colorimetric+method+for+visualizing+biotin-labeled+DNA+probes+hybridized+to+DNA+or+RNA+immobilized+on+nitrocellulose:+Bio-blots.">Rapid and sensitive colorimetric method for visualizing biotin-labeled DNA probes hybridized to DNA or RNA immobilized on nitrocellulose: Bio-blots.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 80 (13), 4045-4049 (1983).</li><li>Hallem, E. A., Ho, M. G., Carlson, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+molecular+basis+of+odor+coding+in+the+Drosophila+antenna.">The molecular basis of odor coding in the Drosophila antenna.</a> Cell. 117 (7), 965-979 (2004).</li><li>Jones, W. D., Nguyen, T. A., Kloss, B., Lee, K. J., Vosshall, L. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+conservation+of+an+insect+odorant+receptor+gene+across+250+million+years+of+evolution.">Functional conservation of an insect odorant receptor gene across 250 million years of evolution.</a> Curr Biol. 15 (4), R119-R121 (2005).</li></ol>

OREC dışındaki OR genlerinin ekspresyon seviyeleri böcek antenlerinin histolojik dilimlerini korumak için çok zordur, böcek antenlerinde OR genlerini lokalize etmek için RNA ISH gerçekleştirmek zordur. Buna ek olarak, TSA algılama da çok zor. Bu sorunları çözmek için aşağıdaki tedbirler alınmalıdır. Antenler, morfolojilerini slaytta koruyan ince ve yumuşak antennal kütikülleri olan yeni molting erişkin çekirgelerinden seçilir. Donmuş numuneler 12 um kalınlığında kesitlere bölü...

En önemli kemoterapi organları olan böcek antikaları, Olfaktör Reseptör Nöronları (ORN&#39;ler) tarafından innerve edilen, sensilla adı verilen, birçok saç benzeri yapılarla kaplıdır. Böcek ORN&#39;lerin zarında, yedi transmembran alanı içeren bir protein türü olan Odorant Reseptörleri (OR&#39;ler), bir odorant-kapılı iyon kanalı 1 , 2 , 3 olarak işlev gören bir heteromer oluşturmak için bir kollektör (ORCo) ile ifade edilir. Farklı OR&#39;ler, kimyasal bileşikler 4 , 5 , 6&#39;nın farklı kombinasyonlarına tepki verir. Locusts ( Locusta migratoria ) esas olarak önemli davranışları tetiklemek için koku alma ipuçlarını kullanır 7 . Locust OR&#39;leri moleküler koku mekanizmalarını anlamak için önemli faktörlerdir. Belirli bir çekirge OR genini a. Nöronuna lokalize etmek.RNA tarafından morfolojik olarak spesifik sensillum tipi In Situ Hibridizasyon (RNA ISH), OR&#39;lerin fonksiyonunu keşfetmenin ilk adımıdır. RNA ISH, fizyolojik süreçler ve hastalık patogenezi ile ilgili bilgiler veren doku, hücreler ya da bütün yerinde belirli bir RNA sekansını ölçmek ve lokalize etmek için etiketli bir tamamlayıcı RNA probu kullanır. Digoxigenin etiketli (DIG etiketli) ve biyotin etiketli RNA probları, RNA hibridizasyonunda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Digoxigenin-11-UTP veya biotin-16-UTP ile RNA etiketleme, SP6 ve T7 RNA polimerazları ile in vitro transkripsiyonla hazırlanabilir. DIG ve biyotin etiketli RNA problarının şu avantajları vardır: non-radyoaktif; kasa; kararlı; Çok duyarlı; Son derece özeldir; PCR ve in vitro transkripsiyon kullanılarak üretilmesi kolaydır. DIG ve biyotin etiketli RNA probları kromojenik ve floresan olarak tespit edilebilir. DIG etiketli RNA probları, anti-digoksijin Alkali ile tespit edilebilir(NBT / BCIP) ile hassas ışıldayan kemilüminesan substratlar nitroblue tetrazolyum klorid / 5-bromo-4-kloro-3-indolil-fosfat toluidin tuzu veya optik mikroskop kullanılarak görüntülenebilen fosfataz (AP) konjüge antikorları veya 2 Konfokal bir mikroskop kullanılarak 4-kloro-2-metilbenzendiazonyum hemi-çinko klorid tuzu (Hızlı Kırmızı) ile birleştirilen bir 2-hidroksi-3-naftoik asit-2&#39;-fenilanilid fosfat (HNPP). Biyotin etiketli RNA probları, anti-biyotin streptavidin at turp peroksidaz (HRP) konjuge antikorlarla, konfokal bir mikroskop kullanılarak fluorescein-tiramidlerle görselleştirilebilen antikorlarla tespit edilebilir. Böylece, DIG ve biotin etiketli RNA probları kullanılarak bir dilimdeki iki hedef geni saptamak için çift renkli floresan yerinde hibridizasyon gerçekleştirilebilir. DIG ve / veya biyotin etiketli problarla RNA ISH, OR , iyonotropik reseptör, odorant bağlayıcı protein gibi olfaktöre bağlı genlerin lokalize edilmesi için başarıyla kullanılmıştırDrosophila melanogaster , Anopheles gambiae , L. migratoria ve çöl keçiboynuzu Schistocera gregaria 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16&#39;nın böcek antenlerindeki duyu nöron membranı proteini. Bununla birlikte, böcek OR&#39;ları için RNA ISH gerçekleştirirken iki önemli zorluk vardır: (1) OR genleri ( ORco hariç) düşük seviyelerde ve yalnızca birkaç hücrede ifade edilir, sinyal algılamayı çok zorlaştırır ve (2) böcek dokusunu korumak için Histoloji, morfolojinin korunması ve arka plan gürültüsünün düşük olması gibi zorlu olabilir. Bu yazıda böcekte OR genlerinin lokalizasyonu için RNA ISH&#39;sini açıklayan ayrıntılı ve etkili bir protokolHem kromojenik hem de Tyramide Sinyali Yükseltme (TSA) algılama da dahil olmak üzere, antenler sunulmuştur.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Materials</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2&#215;TSINGKETM Master Mix</td>
			<td>TSINGKE, China</td>
			<td>TSE004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RNase-free H2O</td>
			<td>TIANGEN, China</td>
			<td>RT121-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>REGULAR AGAROSE G-10</td>
			<td>BIOWEST, SPAIN</td>
			<td>91622</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Binding buffer</td>
			<td>TIANgel Midi Purification Kit, TIANGEN, China</td>
			<td>DP209-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Balance buffer</td>
			<td>TIANgel Midi Purification Kit, TIANGEN, China</td>
			<td>DP209-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wash solution</td>
			<td>TIANgel Midi Purification Kit, TIANGEN, China</td>
			<td>DP209-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T Vector</td>
			<td>Promega, USA</td>
			<td>A362A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T4 DNA Ligase</td>
			<td>Promega, USA</td>
			<td>M180A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Escherichia coli DH5&#945;</td>
			<td>TIANGEN, China</td>
			<td>CB101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ampicillin</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>A-6140</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopropyl &#946;-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside</td>
			<td>Inalco, USA</td>
			<td>1758-1400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-&#946;-D-galactopyranoside</td>
			<td>SBS Genetech, China</td>
			<td>GX1-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nco I</td>
			<td>BioLabs, New England</td>
			<td>R0193S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spe I</td>
			<td>BioLabs, New England</td>
			<td>R0133M</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DIG RNA Labeling Kit</td>
			<td>Roche, Switzerland</td>
			<td>11175025910</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biotin RNA Labeling Kit</td>
			<td>Roche, Switzerland</td>
			<td>11685597910</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNase</td>
			<td>DIG RNA Labeling Kit, Roche, Switzerland</td>
			<td>11175025910</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LiCl</td>
			<td>Sinopharm, China</td>
			<td>10012718</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Sinopharm, China</td>
			<td>10009257</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetic acid</td>
			<td>BEIJING CHEMICAL REGENTS COMPANY, China</td>
			<td>10000292</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue-Tek O.C.T. Compound</td>
			<td>Sakura Finetek Europe, Zoeterwoude, Netherlands</td>
			<td>4583</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Slides</td>
			<td>TINA JIN HAO YANG BIOLOGCAL MANUFACTURE CO., LTE, China</td>
			<td>FISH0010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HCl</td>
			<td>Sinopharm, China</td>
			<td>80070591</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Millex</td>
			<td>Millipore, USA</td>
			<td>SLGP033RS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween 20</td>
			<td>AMRESCO, USA</td>
			<td>0777-500ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride / 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-phosphate toluidine salt</td>
			<td>Roche, Switzerland</td>
			<td>11175041910</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycerol</td>
			<td>Sinopharm, China</td>
			<td>10010618</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Solutions</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1&#215;Tris-acetate-EDTA</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>V900483-1KG</td>
			<td>0.04mol/L Tris-Base</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1&#215;Tris-acetate-EDTA</td>
			<td>BEIJING CHEMICAL REGENTS COMPANY, China</td>
			<td>10000292</td>
			<td>0.12%acetic acid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1&#215;Tris-acetate-EDTA</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>03677</td>
			<td>Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Luria-Bertani (LB) liquid medium</td>
			<td>Sinopharm, China</td>
			<td>10019392</td>
			<td>10g/L NaCl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Luria-Bertani (LB) liquid medium</td>
			<td>MERCK, Germany</td>
			<td>VM335231</td>
			<td>10g/L Peptone from casein (Tryptone)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Luria-Bertani (LB) liquid medium</td>
			<td>MERCK, Germany</td>
			<td>VM361526</td>
			<td>5g/L Yeast extract</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LB solid substrate plate</td>
			<td>Sinopharm, China</td>
			<td>10019392</td>
			<td>10g/L NaCl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LB solid substrate plate</td>
			<td>MERCK, Germany</td>
			<td>VM335231</td>
			<td>10g/L Peptone from casein (Tryptone)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LB solid substrate plate</td>
			<td>MERCK, Germany</td>
			<td>VM361526</td>
			<td>5g/L Yeast extract</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LB solid substrate plate</td>
			<td>WISENT ING, Canada</td>
			<td>800-010-CG</td>
			<td>15g/L Agar Bacteriological Grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10&#215;phosphate buffer saline (pH7.1)</td>
			<td>Sinopharm, China</td>
			<td>10019392</td>
			<td>8.5%NaCl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10&#215;phosphate buffer saline (pH7.1)</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>V900041-500G</td>
			<td>14mM KH2PO4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10&#215;phosphate buffer saline (pH7.1)</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>V900268-500G</td>
			<td>80mM Na2HPO4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10&#215;Tris buffered saline (pH7.5)</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>V900483-1KG</td>
			<td>1M Tris-Base</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10&#215;Tris buffered saline (pH7.5)</td>
			<td>Sinopharm, China</td>
			<td>10019392</td>
			<td>1.5M NaCl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Detection Buffer (DAP) &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; chromogenic detection pH9.5&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; TSA detection pH8.0</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>V900483-1KG</td>
			<td>100mM Tris-Base</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Detection Buffer (DAP) &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; chromogenic detection pH9.5&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; TSA detection pH8.0</td>
			<td>Sinopharm, China</td>
			<td>10019392</td>
			<td>100mM NaCl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Detection Buffer (DAP) &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; chromogenic detection pH9.5&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; TSA detection pH8.0</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>V900020-500G</td>
			<td>50mM MgCl2&#183;6H2O</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20&#215;saline-sodium citrate (pH7.0)</td>
			<td>Sinopharm, China</td>
			<td>10019392</td>
			<td>3M NaCl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20&#215;saline-sodium citrate (pH7.0)</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>V900095-500G</td>
			<td>0.3M Na-Citrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4% paraformaldehyde solution (pH9.5)</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>V900894-100G</td>
			<td>4% paraformaldehyde</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4% paraformaldehyde solution (pH9.5)</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>V900182-500G</td>
			<td>0.1M NaHCO3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Carbonate Buffer (pH10.2)</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>V900182-500G</td>
			<td>80mM NaHCO3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Carbonate Buffer (pH10.2)</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>S7795-500G</td>
			<td>120mM Na2CO3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formamide Solution (pH10.2)</td>
			<td>MPBIO, USA</td>
			<td>FORMD002</td>
			<td>50% Deionized Formamide</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formamide Solution (pH10.2)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>5&#215;saline-sodium citrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blocking Buffer in Tris buffered saline</td>
			<td>Roche, Switzerland</td>
			<td>11175041910</td>
			<td>1% Blot</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blocking Buffer in Tris buffered saline</td>
			<td>AMRESCO, USA</td>
			<td>0694-500ML</td>
			<td>0.03% Triton X-100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blocking Buffer in Tris buffered saline</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1&#215;Tris buffered saline</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alkaline phosphatase solution</td>
			<td>Roche, Switzerland</td>
			<td>11175041910</td>
			<td>1.5 U/ml anti-digoxigenin alkaline phosphatase conjugated antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alkaline phosphatase solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Blocking Buffer in Tris buffered saline</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alkaline phosphatase/ horse radish peroxidase solution</td>
			<td>Roche, Switzerland</td>
			<td>11175041910</td>
			<td>1.5 U/ml anti-digoxigenin alkaline phosphatase conjugated antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alkaline phosphatase/ horse radish peroxidase solution</td>
			<td>TSA kit, Perkin Elmer, USA</td>
			<td>NEL701A001KT</td>
			<td>1% anti-biotin streptavidin horse radish peroxidase- conjugated antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alkaline phosphatase/ horse radish peroxidase solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Blocking Buffer in Tris buffered saline</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hybridization Buffer</td>
			<td>MPBIO, USA</td>
			<td>FORMD002</td>
			<td>50% Deionized Formamide</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hybridization Buffer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>2&#215;saline-sodium citrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hybridization Buffer</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>D8906-50G</td>
			<td>10% dextran sulphate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hybridization Buffer</td>
			<td>invitrogen, USA</td>
			<td>AM7119</td>
			<td>20 &#181;g/ml yeast t-RNA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hybridization Buffer</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>D3159-10G</td>
			<td>0.2 mg/ml herring sperm DNA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-hydroxy-3-naphtoic acid-2&#39;-phenylanilide phosphate/ 4-chloro-2-methylbenzenediazonium hemi-zinc chloride salt substrate</td>
			<td>Roche, Switzerland</td>
			<td>11758888001</td>
			<td>1% 2-hydroxy-3-naphtoic acid-2&#39;-phenylanilide phosphate (10mg/ml)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-hydroxy-3-naphtoic acid-2&#39;-phenylanilide phosphate/ 4-chloro-2-methylbenzenediazonium hemi-zinc chloride salt substrate</td>
			<td>Roche, Switzerland</td>
			<td>11758888001</td>
			<td>1% 4-chloro-2-methylbenzenediazonium hemi-zinc chloride salt (25mg/ml)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-hydroxy-3-naphtoic acid-2&#39;-phenylanilide phosphate/ 4-chloro-2-methylbenzenediazonium hemi-zinc chloride salt substrate</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Detection Buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tyramide signal amplification substrate</td>
			<td>TSA kit, Perkin Elmer, USA</td>
			<td>NEL701A001KT</td>
			<td>2% fluorescein-tyramides</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tyramide signal amplification substrate</td>
			<td>TSA kit, Perkin Elmer, USA</td>
			<td>NEL701A001KT</td>
			<td>Amplification Diluent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Instrument</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Freezing microtome</td>
			<td>Leica, Nussloch, Germany</td>
			<td>Jung CM300 cryostat</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Thermo SCIENTIFIC, USA</td>
			<td>NANODROP 2000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optical microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus, Tokyo, Japan</td>
			<td>Olympus IX71microscope</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocal microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus, Tokyo, Japan</td>
			<td>Olympus BX45 confocal microscope</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

localization of odorant receptor genes in locust antennae by rna in situ hybridization

Böcekler, eksojen kimyasal sinyalleri algılamak için sofistike koku alıcı sistemler geliştirdiler. Bu kimyasal sinyaller, antenlerin kemosensilla olarak adlandırılan saç benzeri yapılara yerleştirilmiş Olfaktör Reseptör Nöronları (ORF) tarafından dönüştürülür. ORN membranlarında Odorant Alıcıların (OR&#39;lerin) koku kodlamasında yer aldığı düşünülmektedir. Dolayısıyla, ORN&#39;lere lokalize olan genleri tanımlayabilmek, OR genlerini tanımak için gereklidir ve daha ileri fonksiyonel in situ çalışmalar için temel bir temel sağlar. Böcek antenlerindeki spesifik OR&#39;lerin RNA ekspresyon seviyeleri çok düşüktür ve histoloji için böcek dokusunun korunması zorlayıcıdır. Dolayısıyla, RNA in situ hibridizasyon ile belirli bir sensilla türüne bir OR&#39;yi lokalize etmek zordur. Bu yazıda, özellikle düşük düzeyde ifade edilmiş böceklerin OR genleri için ayrıntılı ve son derece etkili bir RNA in situ hibridizasyon protokolü getirilmiştir. Buna ek olarak, spesifik bir OR Gen waBir işaretleyici olarak birlikte ifşa eden bir reseptör geni Orco kullanılarak çift renk floresan yerinde hibridizasyon deneyleri gerçekleştirerek belirlendi.

Kromojenik tespit ile, her yetişkin antenal kesitteki antennal hücrelerin küçük bir alt grubu, DIG etiketli LmigOR1 ve LmigOR2 antisens probları ile gösterildi ( Şekil 3 ). Lmigor1 ve LmigOR2&#39;yi lokalize etmek için ardışık kesitlerdeki RNA ISH, iki geni eksprese eden antennel hücrelerin , Lmigorco&#39;yu eksprese eden ORN kümelerinde bulunduğunu gösterdi; bu, varsayılan L...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Localization of Odorant Receptor Genes in Locust Antennae by RNA In Situ Hybridization at JoVE.com

Localization of Odorant Receptor Genes in Locust Antennae by RNA In Situ Hybridization

Bu yazıda, özellikle digoxigenin (DIG) etiketli veya biotin etiketli problar kullanılarak böcek antenlerinde, düşük seviyeli Odorant Reseptör (OR) genleri ve diğer genler için yerinde hibridizasyon protokolünde ayrıntılı ve etkili bir RNA açıklanmaktadır.

Locust Antenlerinde Odorant Reseptör Genlerinin RNA ile Lokalizasyonu<em&gt; Yerinde</em&gt; Hibridizasyon

Insects have evolved sophisticated olfactory reception systems to sense exogenous chemical signals. These chemical signals are transduced by Olfactory ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Localization of Odorant Receptor Genes in Locust Antennae by RNA In Situ Hybridization

Double Fluorescence in situ Hybridization in Fresh Brain Sections

Double Fluorescence in situ Hybridization in Fresh Brain Sections

Çift Floresans In situ Taze Beyin Bölüm Hibridizasyon

Here we describe a modified version of a double fluorescence in situ hybridization (dFISH) method optimized for detecting two mRNAs of interest in fresh ...

Combining Lipophilic dye, in situ Hybridization, Immunohistochemistry, and Histology

Combining Lipophilic dye, in situ Hybridization, Immunohistochemistry, and Histology

Lipofilik boya birleştiren In situ Hibridizasyon, İmmünohistokimya ve Histoloji

Going beyond single gene function to cut deeper into gene regulatory networks requires multiple mutations combined in a single animal.  Such analysis of ...

Multi-unit Recording Methods to Characterize Neural Activity in the Locust (Schistocerca Americana) Olfactory Circuits

Multi-unit Recording Methods to Characterize Neural Activity in the Locust Schistocerca Americana Olfactory Circuits

Locust Sinir Aktivitesi Karakterize Multi-ünite Kayıt Yöntemleri (<em&gt; Schistocerca Americana</em&gt;) Olfaktör Devreler

Detection and interpretation of olfactory cues are critical for the survival  of many organisms. Remarkably, species across phyla have strikingly similar ...

Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining

Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining

Floresan Nöronal Dokularda Kalıcı DNA Virüs Genomu ve Transkriptlerinin Algılama In situ Melezleme immün ile birlikte

Single cell codetection of a gene, its RNA product and cellular regulatory proteins is critical to study gene expression regulation. This is a challenge ...

Detection of Axonally Localized mRNAs in Brain Sections Using High-Resolution In Situ Hybridization

Detection of Axonally Localized mRNAs in Brain Sections Using High-Resolution In Situ Hybridization

Yüksek Çözünürlük kullanma Beyin bölümlerde Axonally Lokalize mRNA&#39;larının Algılama<em&gt; In Situ</em&gt; Melezleme

mRNAs are frequently localized to vertebrate axons and their local translation is required for axon pathfinding or branching during development and for ...

Combining Double Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization with Immunolabelling for Detection of the Expression of Three Genes in Mouse Brain Sections

Combining Double Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization with Immunolabelling for Detection of the Expression of Three Genes in Mouse Brain Sections

Çift Floresan birleştiren<em&gt; In Situ</em&gt; Fare Beyin Bölüm Üç Genlerin İfade tespiti için immünoişaretleme ile Hibridizasyon

Detection of gene expression in different types of brain cells e.g., neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursors and microglia, can ...

Live-cell Measurement of Odorant Receptor Activation Using a Real-time cAMP Assay

Canlı hücre ölçüm propil reseptörü harekete geçirmek kullanımı gerçek zamanlı bir kamp tahlil

The enormous sizes of the mammalian odorant receptor (OR) families present difficulties to find their cognate ligands among numerous volatile chemicals. ...

Identification of Dopamine D1-Alpha Receptor Within Rodent Nucleus Accumbens by an Innovative RNA In Situ Detection Technology

Identification of Dopamine D1-Alpha Receptor Within Rodent Nucleus Accumbens by an Innovative RNA In Situ Detection Technology

Dopamin D1-Alfa reseptör kemirgen Nucleus Accumbens bir yenilikçi RNA Situ içinde hafiye teknoloji tarafından içinde tanımlaması

In the central nervous system, the D1-alpha subtype receptor (Drd1&#945;) is the most abundant dopamine (DA) receptor, which plays a vital role in ...

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase

Gerçek zamanlı olarak buharı aşamasında propil reseptör etkinleştirme bir propil tarafından in Vitro izlenmesi

Olfactory perception begins with the interaction of odorants with odorant receptors (OR) expressed by olfactory sensory neurons (OSN). Odor recognition ...

Analysis of Spliceosomal snRNA Localization in Human Hela Cells Using Microinjection

Mikroenjeksiyon kullanarak ınsan hela hücrelerinde Spliceosomal snRNA yerelleştirme Analizi

Biogenesis of spliceosomal snRNAs is a complex process involving both nuclear and cytoplasmic phases and the last step occurs in a nuclear compartment ...