Name: acute in vivo electrophysiological recordings of local field potentials and multi-unit activity from the hyperdirect pathway in anesthetized rats
Uploaded: 2017-06-22T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Acute In Vivo Electrophysiological Recordings of Local Field Potentials and Multi-unit Activity from the Hyperdirect Pathway in Anesthetized Rats at JoVE.com

Vi takker Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), KFO 247, til finansiering af vores studie.

Eksperimentelle procedurer blev udført i overensstemmelse med den tyske dyrevelfærdslov (senest revideret i 2014) og europæiske bestemmelser (2010/63 / EU). Eksperimenter blev godkendt af den lokale dyrevelfærdsmyndighed (LaGeSo, Berlin) og overholdt lokale afdelinger og internationale retningslinjer. BEMÆRK: I den præsenterede metode bruges to elektrodemodeller til at optage fra den hyperdirektiske cortico-basale ganglia-vej, der forbinder primærmotorcortexen (M1) med subthalaminkern...

<ol>
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X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rat+globus+pallidus+neurons:+functional+classification+and+effects+of+dopamine+depletion.">Rat globus pallidus neurons: functional classification and effects of dopamine depletion.</a> Synapse. 69 (1), 41-51 (2015).</li><li>Paasonen, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+seven+different+anesthesia+protocols+for+nicotine+pharmacologic+magnetic+resonance+imaging+in+rat.">Comparison of seven different anesthesia protocols for nicotine pharmacologic magnetic resonance imaging in rat.</a> Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 26 (3), 518-531 (2016).</li><li>Mahmud, M., Vassanelli, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Processing+and+Analysis+of+Multichannel+Extracellular+Neuronal+Signals:+State-of-the-Art+and+Challenges.">Processing and Analysis of Multichannel Extracellular Neuronal Signals: State-of-the-Art and Challenges.</a> Front Neurosci. 10, 248 (2016).</li><li>Hadar, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Altered+neural+oscillations+and+elevated+dopamine+levels+in+the+reward+pathway+during+alcohol+relapse.">Altered neural oscillations and elevated dopamine levels in the reward pathway during alcohol relapse.</a> Behav Brain Res. 316, 131-135 (2017).</li><li>Voget, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Altered+local+field+potential+activity+and+serotonergic+neurotransmission+are+further+characteristics+of+the+Flinders+sensitive+line+rat+model+of+depression.">Altered local field potential activity and serotonergic neurotransmission are further characteristics of the Flinders sensitive line rat model of depression.</a> Behav Brain Res. 291, 299-305 (2015).</li></ol>

I den foreliggende undersøgelse er metoden demonstreret, hvordan man optager ekstracellulære elektrofysiologiske signaler samtidigt fra flere steder i et givet netværk ved hjælp af eksemplet på den hyperdirecte cortico-basale ganglia-vej, der forbinder M1 med STN og SNr i gnavere. Et kritisk trin i optagelsen af ​​små subkortiske strukturer, såsom STN, er den præcist styrede indsættelse af optageelektroderne i målet. I den præsenterede metode sikrer man at to vigtige trin sikr...

Nylige kumulative beviser for forskellige neuropsykiatriske lidelser som Parkinsons sygdom (PD) og skizofreni tyder stærkt på, at deres patofysiologi er baseret på en kritisk dysfunktion af forlængede neuronalkredsløb, der ofte involverer kortikale og subkortiske strukturer 1 , 2 , 3 . Ifølge denne teori opstår de kliniske manifestationer af sygdommene som følge af en forringet informationsbehandlingsevne af et netværk af celler i stedet for enkelte celler eller specifikke neuronale elementer 1 , 2 , 3 . For at øge forståelsen af ​​denne komplekse gruppe af neuropsykiatriske sygdomme og finde nye behandlingsmuligheder er det obligatorisk at karakterisere neuronal dynamikken hos disse uordnede netværk i menneskelige patienter og i dyremodeller i detaljer. En fremragendeEnt metode til at studere store netværk i levende fag er multi-site elektrofysiologiske optagelser af ekstracellulære potentialer 4 . Ved hjælp af denne metode er det muligt samtidig at vurdere lokale feltpotentialer (LFP&#39;er), der primært repræsenterer den tidsmæssige summation af excitatoriske og hæmmende postsynaptiske strømme og multi-unit aktivitet (MUA), der genereres af presynaptiske potentialer 5 . Optagelsen af ​​ekstracellulære potentialer har flere fordele i forhold til alternative metoder til at studere netværk, fx funktionel magnetisk resonansbilleddannelse og calciumbilleddannelse, fordi den giver en højere tidsmæssig og rumlig opløsning, og fordi den ikke er afhængig af genetisk manipulerede organismer 5 . Imidlertid er brugen af ​​ekstracellulære in vivo optagelser begrænset, da det er en invasiv teknik, der ikke kan anvendes universelt. In vivo elektrofysiologisk recOrdninger kan udføres i vågen såvel som i bedøvede dyr 6 . Begge metoder ledsages af specifikke fordele og ulemper. Undersøgelser i vågen dyr tillader optagelse af hjerne signaler under udførelsen af ​​definerede adfærdsmæssige opgaver, men er tilbøjelige til bevægelsesrelaterede og andre artefakter 7 , 8 . Optagelser i bedøvede dyr på den anden side giver mulighed for at vurdere LFP&#39;er og MUA med et minimum af artefakter ved højt definerede kortikale synkroniseringsstilstande, men resultaterne adskiller sig i nogen grad fra det, der findes i vågen emner 9 , 10 , 11 . I de senere år er det blevet påvist, at prøveudtagningen af ​​LFP&#39;er er særlig nyttig til at afgrænse patologiske ændringer af netværksaktivitet. Et fremtrædende eksempel på dette er forskning om patofysiologi af PD hos menneskerS og dyremodeller af sygdommen, hvor det kunne påvises, at forøget beta-oscillationer i den cortico-basale ganglia-sløjfe er forbundet med parkinsoniske motoriske symptomer 12 , 13 . Som en konsekvens af denne forskningslinie undersøges det for øjeblikket, om beta-oscillationer kan bruges som en online feedback biomarkør til lukket-hjuls dyb hjerne stimulering 14 , 15 . I den foreliggende undersøgelse tilvejebringes der en detaljeret beskrivelse af akutte in-vivo elektrofysiologiske optagelser af LFP&#39;er og MUA i rotter, der er bedøvet med urethan. Det påvises, hvordan et komplet netværk, såsom den hyperdirektive cortico-basale ganglia-bane, kan karakteriseres elektrofysiologisk ved hjælp af standard og tilpassede elektroder og hvordan disse elektroder kan bygges. Det understreges især, hvordan en præcis målretning af basale ganglia-kerner kan opnås ved coMbining stereotaktisk kirurgi sammen med online registrering af MUA&#39;er.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Ag/AgCl custom epidural electrodes</td>
			<td>Goodfellow GmbH 
			D-61213 Bad Nauheim, Germany 
			info@goodfellow.com</td>
			<td>Product-ID AG005127 for 99.99% silver wire</td>
			<td>Ag/AgCl electrodes will allow for better signal quality, but may only be used in acute experiments. Possible replacement: Stainless steel electrodes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereotaxic holder with acrylic block</td>
			<td>David Kopf Instruments, 
			7324 Elmo Street, Tujunga, CA 91042, USA</td>
			<td>Product ID Model 1770 Standard Electrode Holder</td>
			<td>Make sure the acrylic block has recesses which suit the electrode setup for the desired target. Acrylic blocks can easily be modified with a file to obtain the desired configuration. Possible replacement: Self-constructed electrode holders</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tungsten microwire electrodes 1.5 M&#937; impedance</td>
			<td>Microprobes.com 
			18247-D Flower Hill Way&#160; Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20879 USA</td>
			<td>Product-ID WE3ST31.5A5-250um</td>
			<td>The 1.5 M&#937; is necessary to record MUA and LFP at the same time. Possible replacement: Microelectrodes of different materials can be used. The electrodes have to be straight, robust and as thin as possible.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat alignment tool</td>
			<td>David Kopf Instruments, 
			7324 Elmo Street, Tujunga, CA 91042, USA</td>
			<td>Product ID Model 944 Rat Alignment Tool</td>
			<td>Allows the exact orientation of the brain to match stereotaxic atlases. Possible replacement: Stereotaxic holder with a cannula</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Two-component dental acrylic</td>
			<td>Associated Dental Products Ltd. 
			Kemdent Works, Purton, Swindon 
			Wiltshire, SN5 4HT, United Kingdom</td>
			<td>Simplex Rapid Powder Clear 225g, Product code: ACR803; Simplex Rapid Liquid 150ml, Product code: ACR920</td>
			<td>Depending in the electrodes used, superglue might be an easy alternative, if the electrodes are small and lightweight. Possible replacement: Superglue (Cyanacrylate-based)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Faraday cage</td>
			<td>Self-construction</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>A proper Faraday cage will be the best protection from electromagnetic artifacts, but everything which can be formed into a box shape or applied to a frame and is made of conductive material may help. Possible replacement: Aluminum foil or copper mesh</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrophysiological setup with recording software and online spike-sorting capabilities</td>
			<td>OmniPlex&#174; Neural Data Acquisition System 
			Plexon Inc 
			6500 Greenville Avenue, Suite 700 
			Dallas, Texas 75206 
			USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Offline sorting software is a potential alternative, multiple scripts and softwares can be found for free in the open source community.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

acute in vivo electrophysiological recordings of local field potentials and multi-unit activity from the hyperdirect pathway in anesthetized rats

Konvergerende beviser viser, at mange neuropsykiatriske sygdomme skal forstås som lidelser i storskala neuronale netværk. For bedre at forstå det patofysiologiske grundlag for disse sygdomme er det nødvendigt at præcis karakterisere på hvilken måde forarbejdning af information forstyrres mellem de forskellige neuronale dele af kredsløbet. Ved hjælp af ekstracellulære in vivo elektrofysiologiske optagelser er det muligt at præcis afgrænse neuronal aktivitet inden for et neuronalt netværk. Anvendelsen af ​​denne metode har flere fordele i forhold til alternative teknikker, fx funktionel magnetisk resonansbilleddannelse og calciumbilleddannelse, da det tillader en unik tidsmæssig og rumlig opløsning og ikke er afhængig af genetisk manipulerede organismer. Imidlertid er brugen af ​​ekstracellulære in vivo optagelser begrænset, da det er en invasiv teknik, der ikke kan anvendes universelt. I denne artikel er en enkel og nem at bruge metode præsenteret wHvor det er muligt at optage ekstracellulære potentialer samtidigt som lokale feltpotentialer og multiunit-aktivitet på flere steder i et netværk. Det er detaljeret, hvordan en præcis målretning af subkortiske kerner kan opnås ved hjælp af en kombination af stereotaktisk kirurgi og online analyse af multi-enhed optagelser. Det er således påvist, hvordan et komplet netværk, såsom den hyperdirektive cortico-basale ganglia-løkke, kan undersøges i bedøvede dyr in vivo .

Med de heri anvendte optageelektroder er det muligt at prøve LFP&#39;er fra primærmotorisk cortex, subthalamukernen og substantia nigra pars reticulata og MUA fra STN og SNr. Indledningsvis optages LFP&#39;er og multi-enhed-aktivitet sammen i et bredbåndssignal. Derefter adskilles LFP&#39;er og MUA&#39;er med båndpasfiltre (0,05-250 Hz for LFP&#39;er og 300-4000 Hz for MUA). For den korrekte målretning af subkortiske kern...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Acute In Vivo Electrophysiological Recordings of Local Field Potentials and Multi-unit Activity from the Hyperdirect Pathway in Anesthetized Rats at JoVE.com

Acute In Vivo Electrophysiological Recordings of Local Field Potentials and Multi-unit Activity from the Hyperdirect Pathway in Anesthetized Rats

Spids<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; Elektrofysiologiske optagelser af lokale feltpotentialer og multi-enhed aktivitet fra Hyperdirect-banen i bedøvede rotter

I denne undersøgelse er metoden præsenteret for, hvordan man udfører elektrofeksiologiske optagelser med injektion på flere steder fra den hyperdirekte vej under urethananæstesi.

Converging evidence shows that many neuropsychiatric diseases should be understood as disorders of large-scale neuronal networks. To better understand the ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Acute In Vivo Electrophysiological Recordings of Local Field Potentials and Multi-unit Activity from the Hyperdirect Pathway in Anesthetized Rats

Single-unit In vivo Recordings from the Optic Chiasm of Rat

Single-unit In vivo Recordings from the Optic Chiasm of Rat

Information about the visual world is transmitted to the brain in sequences of action potentials in retinal ganglion cell axons that make up the optic ...

Electrophysiological Recordings from the Giant Fiber Pathway of D. melanogaster

Electrophysiological Recordings from the Giant Fiber Pathway of D. melanogaster

When startled adult D. melanogaster react by jumping into the air and flying away. In many invertebrate species, including D. melanogaster, the "escape" ...

Identification of Olfactory Volatiles using Gas Chromatography-Multi-unit Recordings (GCMR) in the Insect Antennal Lobe

Identification of Olfactory Volatiles using Gas Chromatography-Multi-unit Recordings GCMR in the Insect Antennal Lobe

Identifikation af olfaktoriske Flygtige stoffer ved hjælp af gaskromatografi-Multi-unit Recordings (GCMR) i Insect Antennal Lobe

All  organisms inhabit a world full of sensory stimuli that determine their  behavioral and physiological response to their environment. Olfaction is ...

Dual Electrophysiological Recordings of Synaptically-evoked Astroglial and Neuronal Responses in Acute Hippocampal Slices

Dobbelte Elektrofysiologiske Optagelser af synaptisk-evoked astrogliale og Neuronal respons i Akut hippocampusskiver

Astrocytes form together with neurons tripartite synapses, where they integrate and modulate neuronal activity. Indeed, astrocytes sense neuronal inputs ...

Multi-unit Recording Methods to Characterize Neural Activity in the Locust (Schistocerca Americana) Olfactory Circuits

Multi-unit Recording Methods to Characterize Neural Activity in the Locust Schistocerca Americana Olfactory Circuits

Multi-unit Optagelse metoder til karakterisering af neurale aktivitet i Locust (<em&gt; Schistocerca Americana</em&gt;) Lugtesansen Circuits

Detection and interpretation of olfactory cues are critical for the survival  of many organisms. Remarkably, species across phyla have strikingly similar ...

Electrophysiological and Morphological Characterization of Neuronal Microcircuits in Acute Brain Slices Using Paired Patch-Clamp Recordings

Elektrofysiologiske og morfologiske karakterisering af neuronal Mikrokredsløb i akut Brain Skiver Brug parrede Patch-clamp optagelser

The combination of patch clamp recordings from two (or more) synaptically coupled neurons (paired recordings) in acute brain slice preparations with ...

Simultaneous Recording of Electroretinography and Visual Evoked Potentials in Anesthetized Rats

Samtidig optagelse af Elektroretinografi og Visual evoked potentials i bedøvede rotter

The electroretinogram (ERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) are commonly used to assess the integrity of the visual pathway. The ERG measures the ...

Electrophysiological Method for Whole-cell Voltage Clamp Recordings from Drosophila Photoreceptors

Electrophysiological Method for Whole-cell Voltage Clamp Recordings from Drosophila Photoreceptors

Elektrofysiologisk metode til hele celle spænding clamp optagelser fra<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; Photoreceptors

Whole-cell voltage clamp recordings from Drosophila melanogaster photoreceptors have revolutionized the field of invertebrate visual transduction, ...

Simultaneous Recordings of Cortical Local Field Potentials, Electrocardiogram, Electromyogram, and Breathing Rhythm from a Freely Moving Rat

Samtidige optagelser af kortikale lokale felt potentialer, elektrokardiogram, Electromyogram og vejrtrækning rytmen fra en frit bevægende rotte

Monitoring the physiological dynamics of the brain and peripheral tissues is necessary for addressing a number of questions about how the brain controls ...

Quantifying Acute Changes in Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Response to Central Nervous System Manipulations in Anesthetized Rats

Kvantificere akutte ændringer i Renal sympatiske Nerve aktivitet som svar på centralnervesystemet manipulationer i bedøvede rotter

Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure are important parameters in cardiovascular and autonomic research; however, there are ...