Name: purification of the membrane compartment for endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of exogenous antigens in cross-presentation
Uploaded: 2017-08-21T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation at JoVE.com

Dit werk wordt ondersteund door het Takasaki Universiteit van gezondheid en welzijn.

1. groeiende cellen en toevoeging van exogene antigenen <ol><li>voorbereiden bOVA met behulp van een Biotine-eiwit labeling kit na de fabrikant &#39; s-protocol. 
	Opmerking: Normaal, bOVA bevat 2 M Biotine per 1 M eicellen gemiddeld.</li>
	<li>Groeien DC2.4 cellen in RPMI-1640 aangevuld met 2 mM L-glutamine, 1 mM natrium pyruvaat 0.1 mM niet-essentiële aminozuren, 100 U/mL penicilline-streptomycine, 55 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 10 mM HEPES (pH 7.5) en 10% foetaal kalfsserum (hierna RPMI) bij 37 ° C in 5 % CO, <sub...

<ol>
	<li>van Endert, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Providing+ligands+for+MHC+class+I+molecules.">Providing ligands for MHC class I molecules.</a> Cell Mol Life Sci. 68 (9), 1467-1469 (2011).</li><li>Janeway, C., Travers, P., Walport, M., Shlomchik, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease. , (2001).</li><li>McDevitt, H. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Discovering+the+role+of+the+major+histocompatibility+complex+in+the+immune+response.">Discovering the role of the major histocompatibility complex in the immune response.</a> Annu Rev Immunol. 18 (1), 1-17 (2000).</li><li>Bedoui, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cross-presentation+of+viral+and+self+antigens+by+skin-derived+CD103++dendritic+cells.">Cross-presentation of viral and self antigens by skin-derived CD103+ dendritic cells.</a> Nat Immunol. 10 (5), 488-495 (2009).</li><li>Segura, E., Villadangos, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antigen+presentation+by+dendritic+cells+in+vivo.">Antigen presentation by dendritic cells in vivo.</a> Curr Opin Immunol. 21 (1), 105-110 (2009).</li><li>Cheong, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microbial+stimulation+fully+differentiates+monocytes+to+DC-SIGN/CD209(+)+dendritic+cells+for+immune+T+cell+areas.">Microbial stimulation fully differentiates monocytes to DC-SIGN/CD209(+) dendritic cells for immune T cell areas.</a> Cell. 143 (3), 416-429 (2010).</li><li>Henri, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CD207++CD103++dermal+dendritic+cells+cross-present+keratinocyte-derived+antigens+irrespective+of+the+presence+of+Langerhans+cells.">CD207+ CD103+ dermal dendritic cells cross-present keratinocyte-derived antigens irrespective of the presence of Langerhans cells.</a> J Exp Med. 207 (2), 189-206 (2010).</li><li>Shortman, K., Heath, W. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+CD8++dendritic+cell+subset.">The CD8+ dendritic cell subset.</a> Immunol. Rev. 234 (1), 18-31 (2010).</li><li>Carbone, F. R., Kurts, C., Bennett, S. R., Miller, J. F., Heath, W. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cross-presentation:+a+general+mechanism+for+CTL+immunity+and+tolerance.">Cross-presentation: a general mechanism for CTL immunity and tolerance.</a> Immunol Today. 19 (8), 368-373 (1998).</li><li>Nair-Gupta, P., Blander, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+updated+view+of+the+intracellular+mechanisms+regulating+cross-presentation.">An updated view of the intracellular mechanisms regulating cross-presentation.</a> Front Immunol. , (2013).</li><li>Joffre, O. P., Segura, E., Savina, A., Amigorena, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cross-presentation+by+dendritic+cells.">Cross-presentation by dendritic cells.</a> Nat Rev Immunol. 12 (8), 557-569 (2012).</li><li>Kurts, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Constitutive+class+I-restricted+exogenous+presentation+of+self+antigens+in+vivo.">Constitutive class I-restricted exogenous presentation of self antigens in vivo.</a> J Exp Med. 184 (3), 923-930 (1996).</li><li>Kurts, C., Kosaka, H., Carbone, F. R., Miller, J. F., Heath, W. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Class+I-restricted+cross-presentation+of+exogenous+self-antigens+leads+to+deletion+of+autoreactive+CD8(+)+T+cells.">Class I-restricted cross-presentation of exogenous self-antigens leads to deletion of autoreactive CD8(+) T cells.</a> J Exp Med. 186 (2), 239-245 (1997).</li><li>Bonifaz, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+targeting+of+protein+antigen+to+the+dendritic+cell+receptor+DEC-205+in+the+steady+state+leads+to+antigen+presentation+on+major+histocompatibility+complex+class+I+products+and+peripheral+CD8++T+cell+tolerance.">Efficient targeting of protein antigen to the dendritic cell receptor DEC-205 in the steady state leads to antigen presentation on major histocompatibility complex class I products and peripheral CD8+ T cell tolerance.</a> J Exp Med. 196 (12), 1627-1638 (2002).</li><li>Heath, W. R., Carbone, F. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cross-presentation+in+viral+immunity+and+self-tolerance.">Cross-presentation in viral immunity and self-tolerance.</a> Nat Rev Immunol. 1 (2), 126-134 (2001).</li><li>Imai, J., Hasegawa, H., Maruya, M., Koyasu, S., Yahara, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exogenous+antigens+are+processed+through+the+endoplasmic+reticulum-associated+degradation+(ERAD)+in+cross-presentation+by+dendritic+cells.">Exogenous antigens are processed through the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) in cross-presentation by dendritic cells.</a> Int Immunol. 17 (1), 45-53 (2005).</li><li>Houde, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phagosomes+are+competent+organelles+for+antigen+cross-presentation.">Phagosomes are competent organelles for antigen cross-presentation.</a> Nature. 425 (6956), 402-406 (2003).</li><li>Guermonprez, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ER-phagosome+fusion+defines+an+MHC+class+I+cross-presentation+compartment+in+dendritic+cells.">ER-phagosome fusion defines an MHC class I cross-presentation compartment in dendritic cells.</a> Nature. 425 (6956), 397-402 (2003).</li><li>Burgdorf, S., Scholz, C., Kautz, A., Tampe, R., Kurts, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatial+and+mechanistic+separation+of+cross-presentation+and+endogenous+antigen+presentation.">Spatial and mechanistic separation of cross-presentation and endogenous antigen presentation.</a> Nat Immunol. 9 (5), 558-566 (2008).</li><li>Liz&#233;e, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+dendritic+cell+cross-presentation+by+the+major+histocompatibility+complex+class+I+cytoplasmic+domain.">Control of dendritic cell cross-presentation by the major histocompatibility complex class I cytoplasmic domain.</a> Nat Immunol. 4 (11), 1065-1073 (2003).</li><li>Basha, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+CD74-dependent+MHC+class+I+endolysosomal+cross-presentation+pathway.">A CD74-dependent MHC class I endolysosomal cross-presentation pathway.</a> Nat Immunol. 13 (3), 237-245 (2012).</li><li>Saveanu, L., Carroll, O., Hassainya, Y., van Endert, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Complexity,+contradictions,+and+conundrums:+studying+post-proteasomal+proteolysis+in+HLA+class+I+antigen+presentation.">Complexity, contradictions, and conundrums: studying post-proteasomal proteolysis in HLA class I antigen presentation.</a> Immunol Rev. 207 (1), 42-59 (2005).</li><li>Wiertz, E. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sec61-mediated+transfer+of+a+membrane+protein+from+the+endoplasmic+reticulum+to+the+proteasome+for+destruction.">Sec61-mediated transfer of a membrane protein from the endoplasmic reticulum to the proteasome for destruction.</a> Nature. 384 (6608), 432-438 (1996).</li><li>Hampton, R. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ER-associated+degradation+in+protein+quality+control+and+cellular+regulation.">ER-associated degradation in protein quality control and cellular regulation.</a> Curr Opin Cell Biol. 14 (4), 476-482 (2002).</li><li>Tsai, B., Ye, Y., Rapoport, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retro-translocation+of+proteins+from+the+endoplasmic+reticulum+into+the+cytosol.">Retro-translocation of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol.</a> Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 3 (4), 246-255 (2002).</li><li>Nyathi, Y., Wilkinson, B. M., Pool, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Co-translational+targeting+and+translocation+of+proteins+to+the+endoplasmic+reticulum.">Co-translational targeting and translocation of proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum.</a> Biochim Biophys Acta. 1833 (11), 2392-2402 (2013).</li><li>Varabyova, A., Stojanovski, D., Chacinska, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondrial+protein+homeostasis.">Mitochondrial protein homeostasis.</a> IUBMB Life. 65 (3), 191-201 (2013).</li><li>Shen, Z., Reznikoff, G., Dranoff, G., Rock, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cloned+dendritic+cells+can+present+exogenous+antigens+on+both+MHC+class+I+and+class+II+molecules.">Cloned dendritic cells can present exogenous antigens on both MHC class I and class II molecules.</a> J Immunol. 158 (6), 2723-2730 (1997).</li><li>Imai, J., Otani, M., Sakai, T., Hatta, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Purification+of+the+subcellular+compartment+in+which+exogenous+antigens+undergo+endoplasmic+reticulum-associated+degradation+from+dendritic+cells.">Purification of the subcellular compartment in which exogenous antigens undergo endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation from dendritic cells.</a> Heliyon. , (2016).</li><li>Kovacsovics-Bankowski, M., Rock, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+phagosome-to-cytosol+pathway+for+exogenous+antigens+presented+on+MHC+class+I+molecules.">A phagosome-to-cytosol pathway for exogenous antigens presented on MHC class I molecules.</a> Science. 267 (5195), 243-246 (1995).</li><li>Ackerman, A. L., Giodini, A., Cresswell, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+role+for+the+endoplasmic+reticulum+protein+retro+translocation+machinery+during+cross+presentation+by+dendritic+cells.">A role for the endoplasmic reticulum protein retro translocation machinery during cross presentation by dendritic cells.</a> Immunity. 25 (4), 607-617 (2006).</li><li>Ackerman, A. L., Kyritsis, C., Tamp&#233;, R., Cresswell, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+phagosomes+in+dendritic+cells+form+a+cellular+compartment+sufficient+for+cross+presentation+of+exogenous+antigens.">Early phagosomes in dendritic cells form a cellular compartment sufficient for cross presentation of exogenous antigens.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 100 (22), 12889-12894 (2003).</li><li>Saveanu, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=IRAP+identifies+an+endosomal+compartment+required+for+MHC+class+I+cross-presentation.">IRAP identifies an endosomal compartment required for MHC class I cross-presentation.</a> Science. 325 (5937), 213-217 (2009).</li><li>Zehner, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+translocon+protein+Sec61+mediates+antigen+transport+from+endosomes+in+the+cytosol+for+cross-presentation+to+CD8(+)+T+cells.">The translocon protein Sec61 mediates antigen transport from endosomes in the cytosol for cross-presentation to CD8(+) T cells.</a> Immunity. 42 (5), 850-863 (2015).</li></ol>

In eerdere studies van CP, de opgenomen exogene antigenen opgebouwd in de beperkte ruimte van de late endosome of ER door immunefluorescentie microscopie16,30,31,32. Geschat wordt dat ERAD-achtige vervoer en verwerking van exogene antigenen worden uitgevoerd in deze gespecialiseerde vakgebieden zoals de ER of late endosome, zoals de cellulaire compartiment werd ontdekt door sacharose of het geb...

De MHC ik moleculen worden uitgedrukt op het oppervlak van alle genucleëerde cellen, met korte antigene peptiden afgeleid van endogene antigenen, die worden verwerkt door het systeem van de ubiquitin-proteasoom in het cytosol1. Na verwerking, worden antigene peptides vervoerd in het lumen van het endoplasmatisch reticulum (ER) door de peptide vervoerder TAP. In de ER lumen, een aantal specifieke chaperones helpen het peptide laden en de juiste vouwen van de MHC ik complexe. Deze serie van moleculen heet het peptide-laden complex (PLC), waarmee wordt aangegeven dat ER een centrale compartiment voor peptide laden op MHC ik2. Na peptide laden, het MHC ik moleculen naar het celoppervlak worden vervoerd en een sleutelrol spelen in het adaptieve immuunsysteem als zelfstandige markeringen, en stelt de CD8+ cytotoxische T-lymfocyten (CTL's) kankercellen of infectieuze agentia op te sporen door antigene peptiden van niet-zelf eiwitten3.
Antigeen presentatie van cellen (APC), antigene peptiden van exogene antigenen ook in zijn gepresenteerd op MHC ik4,5,6,7,8 via CP, die voornamelijk wordt uitgevoerd door DCs9,10,11. CP is essentieel zowel voor de activering van naïeve CD8+ T cellen en geheugen CD8+ T cellen in anti-infectieuze en anti-tumoral CTL's12,13, en in het onderhoud van immuun tolerantie door het inactiveren van zelf waarnemend naïef T cellen14,15. De CP speelt veel belangrijke rollen in het adaptieve immuunsysteem, maar de moleculaire mechanismen van CP nog moeten in detail worden beschreven. Eerdere studies van CP bleek dat exogene antigenen waren gelokaliseerd, zowel in de ER en de endosome en werden verwerkt door ERAD, suggereren dat exogene antigenen van de endosome worden vervoerd naar de ER voor ERAD-achtige verwerking en peptide laden16 . Accumuleren bewijsmateriaal blijkt evenwel dat het laden van de peptide van CP wordt uitgevoerd niet in het ER maar in niet-klassieke endocytotische compartimenten, die ook kenmerken van de ER (Figuur 1)17,18 hebben ,19,20,21. Voorkom aantasting van de voorlopers van de antigene peptide door de hoge activiteit van aminopeptidase22 in het cytosol, de verwerking en de peptide laden in CP treedt op in het proximale gebied voor deze niet-klassieke endocytotische compartimenten (Figuur 1). Hoewel de karakteristieken van deze endocytotische compartimenten controversieel zijn, zijn er geen bestaande specifieke moleculen dan exogene antigenen in dit compartiment.
ERAD is een cellulaire traject, waarbij specifiek misfolded eiwitten uit de ER wordt verwijderd. In het traject ERAD zijn misfolded eiwitten retrogradely via het membraan ER naar het cytoplasma getransporteerd en verwerkt door de ubiquitin-proteasoom systeem23,24,25. Wanneer grote moleculen, zoals eiwitten, worden vervoerd via de lipide dubbelgelaagde, deze moleculen passeren aan een moleculaire apparaat genaamd een translocon, zoals het Sec61 complex, Derlin complex in de ER26, en de complexe Tom en Tim complex in de mitochondriën27. Wanneer exogenously toegevoegde antigenen via het ER membraan worden getransporteerd, moeten zij de lipide dubbelgelaagde in complex met translocons, zoals het Sec61-complex doordringen. De hier beschreven methode gezuiverd de gerichte blaasje door gebruik te maken van deze membraan-penetrating moleculen als markers voor de endocytotische compartimenten.
De hier beschreven methode is een nieuwe vesikel zuivering protocol met behulp van de DC-achtige cel lijn DC2.428 en biotinyleerd ovoalbumine (bOVA) als een exogene antigeen. De endocytotische compartimenten werden gezuiverd door daar (SA)-magnetische kralen met behulp van de membraan-penetrating bOVA als een maker. In deze gezuiverde microsome, enkele exogenously toegevoegd bOVA was nog steeds bewaard in het membraan breuken maar werden vervoerd naar de buitenkant van de microsome, en dan ubiquitinated en verwerkt in vitro29. Deze gezuiverde microsome gegevens opgenomen, niet alleen de endocytotische compartiment-specifieke eiwitten, maar ook ER-ingezeten eiwitten voor ERAD en de peptide laden complex; suggereert dat het cellulaire compartiment het potentiële endocytotische compartiment voor CP29 is. Dit protocol is niet afhankelijk van het soort exogene antigenen, en geldt ook voor andere deelverzamelingen van DC en andere celtypen, zoals macrofagen, B-cellen en endotheliale cellen, ter verduidelijking van de precieze moleculair mechanisme van DCs voor bedreven CP.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="871">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">RPMI 1640</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">gibco by life technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11875-093</td>
			<td style="width:241px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Equitech bio</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SFB30</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Sodium pyruvate</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">gibco by life technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11360-070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:272px;">MEM non-essential amino acids</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">gibco by life technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11140-050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">gibco by life technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15630-080</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">2-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">gibco by life technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">21985-023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">L-glutamine</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">gibco by life technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">25030-164</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Penisicillin-Sreptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">gibco by life technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DMEM</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">gibco by life technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12100-46</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">OVA</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">SIGMA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A5503</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Biotin-protein labelling kit</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">F6347</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">MG-132&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">201270</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">lactacystin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">SIGMA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">L6785</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Dounce homogenizer</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">IUCHI</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">131703</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">protease inhibitor cocktails&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">SIGMA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P8340</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">iodixanol&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Cosmo bio</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1114542</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">SA-magnetic beads&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">New England Biolabs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">201270</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">control magnetic beads</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Chemagen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M-PVA012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">magnetic stand</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">552311</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">BCA protein assay kit</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">23225</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">silver staining kits</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Cosmo bio</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">423413</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Reticulocyte Lysate</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Promega</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1730714</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Flag-tagged ubiquitin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">SIGMA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">U5382</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">anti-ovalbumin (OVA,mouse)</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">Antibody Shop</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">HYB 094-06</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">ant-multi-ubiquitin (mouse)</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">MBL</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D058&#8722;3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">anti-Flag (mouse)</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">SIGMA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">F3165</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">trypsin</td>
			<td style="width:239px;">SIGMA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">85450C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

purification of the membrane compartment for endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of exogenous antigens in cross-presentation

Dendritische cellen (DC's) zijn zeer geschikt voor het verwerken en presenteren van verinnerlijkte exogene antigenen op grote comptabiliteit klasse (MHC) ik moleculen ook bekend als cross-presentatie (CP). CP speelt een belangrijke rol niet alleen in het stimuleren van de naïeve CD8+ T cellen en geheugen CD8+ T cellen voor besmettelijke en tumor immuniteit maar ook in de inactivering van self-acting naïef T cellen door T cel anergie of verwijdering van de T cel. Hoewel de kritische moleculair mechanisme van CP moet nog worden opgehelderd, accumuleren gegevens wijzen erop dat exogene antigenen worden verwerkt door endoplasmatisch reticulum-geassocieerde afbraak (ERAD) na uitvoer van niet-klassieke endocytotische compartimenten. Tot voor kort waren karakterisaties voor deze endocytotische compartimenten beperkt omdat er geen specifieke moleculaire markers dan exogene antigenen. De hier beschreven methode is een nieuwe vesikel isolatie-protocol, waarmee voor de zuivering van deze endocytotische compartimenten. Met behulp van deze gezuiverde microsome, we gereconstitueerd de ERAD-achtige vervoer ubiquitination en de verwerking van de exogene antigeen in vitro, suggereren dat het systeem van de ubiquitin-proteasoom de exogene antigeen na uitvoer uit dit verwerkt cellulaire compartiment. Dit protocol kan verder worden toegepast op andere celtypes te verduidelijken van het moleculaire mechanisme van CP.

Om te verhelderen van het moleculaire mechanisme van CP, is het nodig vast te stellen van de cellulaire compartimenten, waar exogene antigenen ondergaan ERAD-achtige vervoer en verwerking. Terwijl waarnemingen door immunefluorescentie microscopie of door elektronenmicroscopie geïdentificeerd de cellulaire compartiment waar exogene antigenen16,17,18,1<sup class=...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation at JoVE.com

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation

De hier beschreven methode is een nieuwe vesikel isolatie-protocol, waarmee voor de zuivering van de cellulaire compartimenten waarin exogene antigenen worden verwerkt door endoplasmatisch reticulum-geassocieerde afbraak in cross-presentatie.

Zuivering van het membraan compartiment voor endoplasmatisch Reticulum-geassocieerde afbraak van exogene antigenen in Cross-presentatie

Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly capable of processing and presenting internalized exogenous antigens upon major histocompatibility class (MHC) I ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Glycosphingolipid Antigens

Massaspectrometrische analyse van glycosfingolipiden antigenen

Glycosphingolipids (GSL's) belong to the glycoconjugate class of biomacromolecules, which bear structural information for significant biological processes ...

Antigens Protected Functional Red Blood Cells By The Membrane Grafting Of Compact Hyperbranched Polyglycerols

Antigenen functionele rode bloedcellen die beschermd worden door de membraan enten van Compact Hypervertakte Polyglycerolen

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is vital for the treatment of a number of acute and chronic medical problems such as thalassemia major and sickle cell ...

Monitoring Changes in Membrane Polarity, Membrane Integrity, and Intracellular Ion Concentrations in Streptococcus pneumoniae Using Fluorescent Dyes

Monitoring Changes in Membrane Polarity, Membrane Integrity, and Intracellular Ion Concentrations in Streptococcus pneumoniae Using Fluorescent Dyes

Monitoring Veranderingen in Membrane Polariteit, Membraan Integriteit, en intracellulaire Ion concentraties in<em&gt; Streptococcus pneumoniae</em&gt; Het gebruik van fluorescente kleurstoffen

Membrane depolarization and ion fluxes are events that have been studied extensively in biological systems due to their ability to profoundly impact ...

RNA Purification from Intracellularly Grown Listeria monocytogenes in Macrophage Cells

RNA Purification from Intracellularly Grown Listeria monocytogenes in Macrophage Cells

RNA Zuivering van Intracellulair Grown<em&gt; Listeria monocytogenes</em&gt; In macrofaag-cellen

Analysis of the transcriptome of bacterial pathogens during mammalian infection is a valuable tool for studying genes and factors that mediate infection. ...

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens

Via röntgenkristallografie, Biophysics en functionele testen om de mechanismen van T-cel-receptorherkenning van kankerantigenen bepalen

Human CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are known to play an important role in tumor control. In order to carry out this function, the cell ...

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins

Zuivering van viraal DNA voor de identificatie van geassocieerde virale en cellulaire eiwitten

The goal of this protocol is to isolate herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA from infected cells for the identification of associated viral and ...

Expression of Exogenous Antigens in the Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine via Non-genetic Surface Decoration with the Avidin-biotin System

Expression of Exogenous Antigens in the Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine via Non-genetic Surface Decoration with the Avidin-biotin System

Expressie van exogene antigenen in de Mycobacterium bovis -BCG-vaccin via niet-genetische oppervlak decoratie met het systeem Avidin-Biotine

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease and the only available vaccine M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Gu&#233;rin (BCG) is safe and effective for ...

Overexpression and Purification of Human Cis-prenyltransferase in Escherichia coli

Overexpression and Purification of Human Cis-prenyltransferase in Escherichia coli

Overexpressie en zuivering van het menselijk<em&gt; Cis</em&gt; -prenyltransferase in<em&gt; Escherichia coli</em

Prenyltransferases (PT) are a group of enzymes that catalyze chain elongation of allylic diphosphate using isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) via multiple ...

Dissecting Multi-protein Signaling Complexes by Bimolecular Complementation Affinity Purification (BiCAP)

Dissecting Multi-protein Signaling Complexes by Bimolecular Complementation Affinity Purification BiCAP

Ontleden multi signalering eiwitcomplexen door Bimolecular complementatie affiniteit zuivering (BiCAP)

The assembly of protein complexes is a central mechanism underlying the regulation of many cell signaling pathways. A major focus of biomedical research ...

Assembly and Purification of Prototype Foamy Virus Intasomes

Vergadering en zuivering van Prototype schuimend Virus Intasomes

A defining feature and necessary step of the retrovirus life cycle is the integration of the viral genome into the host genome. All retroviruses encode an ...