Name: preparation of authigenic pyrite from methane-bearing sediments for in situ sulfur isotope analysis using sims
Uploaded: 2017-08-31T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of Authigenic Pyrite from Methane-bearing Sediments for In Situ Sulfur Isotope Analysis Using SIMS at JoVE.com

这项研究由中国自然科学基金 (No. 91128101、41273054和 41373007) 共同出资和资助, 中国南海天然气水合物资源勘查地质调查项目 (No。DD20160211), 中央大学基础研究基金 (No. 16lgjc11), 广东省高校珠江学者资助计划 (No. 2011)。张志勇林承认中国奖学金委员会 (No. 201506380046) 提供的财政支持。扬路感谢广州精英项目 (No。JY201223) 和中国博士后科学基金 (No. 2016M592565)。我们感谢 Dr. 盛雄杨、Guangxue 和 Dr. 强对广州海洋地质调查所提供的样品和宝贵的建议。我们感谢中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 (北京) 的 Dr. 华和 Dr., 对模拟人生的分析提供帮助。Dr. 小萍被感谢提供了中国科学院广州地球化学研究所的模拟实验室, 为这篇文章的拍摄做准备。这份手稿得益于 Dr. 艾丽莎 Dsouza 的评论, 《朱庇特》的评论编辑, 以及两位匿名的裁判。

1. 从沉积物核心收集样品 注: 核心 HS148 是从2006年在南海的沪地区的天然气水合物钻探区的一个地点获得的, 这是在 Sihao 的海洋航行中. 
<ol> <li> 将活塞核心 (此处, HS148) 从顶部到底部 (在船上) 的间隔0.7 米处切割成节, 然后将这些部分转移到冷室 (4 和 #176; C), 以便在检索后进行存储. </li>
	<li> 将核心部分转移到在陆上实验室中的冷室 (4 和 #176; C), 以便在巡航后存放。把这些?...

<ol>
	<li>Judd, A. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+global+importance+and+context+of+methane+escape+from+the+seabed.">The global importance and context of methane escape from the seabed.</a> Geo-Mar Lett. 23 (3), 147-154 (2003).</li><li>Suess, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Marine+cold+seeps+and+their+manifestations:+geological+control,+biogeochemical+criteria+and+environmental+conditions.">Marine cold seeps and their manifestations: geological control, biogeochemical criteria and environmental conditions.</a> Int J Earth Sci. 103 (7), 1889-1916 (2014).</li><li>Boetius, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+marine+microbial+consortium+apparently+mediating+anaerobic+oxidation+of+methane.">A marine microbial consortium apparently mediating anaerobic oxidation of methane.</a> Nature. 407 (6804), 623-626 (2000).</li><li>Orphan, V. J., House, C. H., Hinrichs, K. -. U., McKeegan, K. D., DeLong, E. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methane-consuming+archaea+revealed+by+directly+coupled+isotopic+and+phylogenetic+analysis.">Methane-consuming archaea revealed by directly coupled isotopic and phylogenetic analysis.</a> Science. 293 (5529), 484-487 (2001).</li><li>J&#248;rgensen, B. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mineralization+of+organic+matter+in+the+seabed+-+the+role+of+sulfate+reduction.">Mineralization of organic matter in the seabed - the role of sulfate reduction.</a> Nature. 296, 643-645 (1982).</li><li>Lin, Z. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=How+sulfate-driven+anaerobic+oxidation+of+methane+affects+the+sulfur+isotopic+composition+of+pyrite:+A+SIMS+study+from+the+South+China+Sea.">How sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane affects the sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite: A SIMS study from the South China Sea.</a> Chem Geol. 440, 26-41 (2016).</li><li>J&#248;rgensen, B. B., B&#246;ttcher, M. E., L&#252;schen, H., Neretin, L. N., Volkov, I. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anaerobic+methane+oxidation+and+a+deep+H2S+sink+generate+isotopically+heavy+sulfides+in+Black+Sea+sediments.">Anaerobic methane oxidation and a deep H2S sink generate isotopically heavy sulfides in Black Sea sediments.</a> Geochim Cosmochim Ac. 68 (9), 2095-2118 (2004).</li><li>Borowski, W. S., Rodriguez, N. M., Paull, C. K., Ussler, III, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Are+34S-enriched+authigenic+sulfide+minerals+a+proxy+for+elevated+methane+flux+and+gas+hydrates+in+the+geologic+record?.">Are 34S-enriched authigenic sulfide minerals a proxy for elevated methane flux and gas hydrates in the geologic record?.</a> Mar Petrol Geol. 43, 381-395 (2013).</li><li>Canfield, D. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isotope+fractionation+by+natural+populations+of+sulfate-reducing+bacteria.">Isotope fractionation by natural populations of sulfate-reducing bacteria.</a> Geochim Cosmochim Ac. 65 (7), 1117-1124 (2001).</li><li>McKibben, M. A., Eldridge, C. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Micron-scale+isotopic+zoning+in+minerals;+a+record+of+large-scale+geologic+processes.">Micron-scale isotopic zoning in minerals; a record of large-scale geologic processes.</a> Mineral Mag. 58A, 587-588 (1994).</li><li>Peevler, J., Fayek, M., Misra, K. C., Riciputi, L. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sulfur+isotope+microanalysis+of+sphalerite+by+SIMS:+constraints+on+the+genesis+of+Mississippi+valley-type+mineralization,+from+the+Mascot-Jefferson+City+district,+East+Tennessee.">Sulfur isotope microanalysis of sphalerite by SIMS: constraints on the genesis of Mississippi valley-type mineralization, from the Mascot-Jefferson City district, East Tennessee.</a> J Geochem Explor. 80 (2-3), 277-296 (2003).</li><li>Ferrini, V., Fayek, M., De Vito, C., Mignardi, S., Pignatti, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extreme+sulphur+isotope+fractionation+in+the+deep+Cretaceous+biosphere.">Extreme sulphur isotope fractionation in the deep Cretaceous biosphere.</a> J Geol Soc. 167, 1009-1018 (2010).</li><li>Ireland, T. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Charge-mode+electrometer+measurements+of+S-isotopic+compositions+on+SHRIMP-SI.">Charge-mode electrometer measurements of S-isotopic compositions on SHRIMP-SI.</a> Int J Mass Spectrom. 359, 26-37 (2014).</li><li>Pimminger, A., Grasserbauer, M., Schroll, E., Cerny, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microanalysis+in+galena+by+Secondary+Ion+Mass+Spectrometry+for+determination+of+sulfur+isotopes.">Microanalysis in galena by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry for determination of sulfur isotopes.</a> Anal Chem. 56 (3), 407-411 (1984).</li><li>Eldridge, C. S., Compston, W., Williams, I. S., Walshe, J. L., Both, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+situ+microanalysis+for+34S/32S+ratios+using+the+ion+microprobe+SHRIMP.">In situ microanalysis for 34S/32S ratios using the ion microprobe SHRIMP.</a> Int J Mass Spectrom Ion Processes. 76 (1), 65-83 (1987).</li><li>Kozdon, R., Kita, N. T., Huberty, J. M., Fournelle, J. H., Johnson, C. A., Valley, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+situ+sulfur+isotope+analysis+of+sulfide+minerals+by+SIMS:+precision+and+accuracy,+with+application+to+thermometry+of+3.5+Ga+Pilbara+cherts.">In situ sulfur isotope analysis of sulfide minerals by SIMS: precision and accuracy, with application to thermometry of 3.5 Ga Pilbara cherts.</a> Chem Geol. 275 (3-4), 243-253 (2010).</li><li>Farquhar, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathways+for+Neoarchean+pyrite+formation+constrained+by+mass-independent+sulfur+isotopes.">Pathways for Neoarchean pyrite formation constrained by mass-independent sulfur isotopes.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 110 (44), 17638-17643 (2013).</li><li>Whitehouse, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiple+sulfur+isotope+determination+by+SIMS:+evaluation+of+reference+sulfides+for+&#916;33S+with+observations+and+a+case+study+on+the+determination+of+&#916;36S.">Multiple sulfur isotope determination by SIMS: evaluation of reference sulfides for &#916;33S with observations and a case study on the determination of &#916;36S.</a> Geostand Geoanal Res. 37 (1), 19-33 (2013).</li><li>Chen, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extreme+variation+of+sulfur+isotopic+compositions+in+pyrite+from+the+Qiuling+sediment-hosted+gold+deposit,+West+Qinling+orogen,+central+China:+an+in+situ+SIMS+study+with+implications+for+the+source+of+sulfur.">Extreme variation of sulfur isotopic compositions in pyrite from the Qiuling sediment-hosted gold deposit, West Qinling orogen, central China: an in situ SIMS study with implications for the source of sulfur.</a> Miner Depos. 50 (6), 643-656 (2015).</li><li>LaFlamme, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+situ+multiple+sulfur+isotope+analysis+by+SIMS+of+pyrite,+chalcopyrite,+pyrrhotite,+and+pentlandite+to+refine+magmatic+ore+genetic+models.">In situ multiple sulfur isotope analysis by SIMS of pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and pentlandite to refine magmatic ore genetic models.</a> Chem Geol. 444, 1-15 (2016).</li><li>Peckmann, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methane-derived+carbonates+and+authigenic+pyrite+from+the+northwestern+Black+Sea.">Methane-derived carbonates and authigenic pyrite from the northwestern Black Sea.</a> Mar Geol. 177 (1-2), 129-150 (2001).</li><li>Zhang, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Morphology+and+formation+mechanism+of+pyrite+induced+by+the+anaerobic+oxidation+of+methane+from+the+continental+slope+of+the+NE+South+China+Sea.">Morphology and formation mechanism of pyrite induced by the anaerobic oxidation of methane from the continental slope of the NE South China Sea.</a> J Asian Earth Sci. 92, 293-301 (2014).</li><li>Lin, Z. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stable+isotope+patterns+of+coexisting+pyrite+and+gypsum+indicating+variable+methane+flow+at+a+seep+site+of+the+Shenhu+area,+South+China+Sea.">Stable isotope patterns of coexisting pyrite and gypsum indicating variable methane flow at a seep site of the Shenhu area, South China Sea.</a> J Asian Earth Sci. 123, 213-223 (2016).</li><li>Virtaslo, J. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pyritic+and+baritic+burrows+and+microbial+filaments+in+postglacial+lacustrine+clays+in+the+northern+Baltic+Sea.">Pyritic and baritic burrows and microbial filaments in postglacial lacustrine clays in the northern Baltic Sea.</a> J Geol Soc London. 167 (6), 1185-1198 (2010).</li><li>Kohn, M. J., Riciputi, L. R., Stakes, D., Orange, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sulfur+isotope+variability+in+biogenic+pyrite:+Reflections+of+heterogeneous+bacterial+colonization?.">Sulfur isotope variability in biogenic pyrite: Reflections of heterogeneous bacterial colonization?.</a> Am Mineral. 83 (11-12 Pt 2), (1998).</li><li>Canfield, D. E., Raiswell, R., Westrich, J. T., Reaves, C. M., Berner, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+use+of+chromium+reduction+in+the+analysis+of+reduced+inorganic+sulfur+in+sediments+and+shales.">The use of chromium reduction in the analysis of reduced inorganic sulfur in sediments and shales.</a> Chem Geol. 54 (1-2), 149-155 (1986).</li><li>Rice, C. A., Tuttle, M. L., Reynolds, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+analysis+of+forms+of+sulfur+in+ancient+sediments+and+sedimentary+rocks:+comments+and+cautions.">The analysis of forms of sulfur in ancient sediments and sedimentary rocks: comments and cautions.</a> Chem Geol. 107 (1-2), 83-95 (1993).</li><li>Kita, N. T., Huberty, J. M., Kozdon, R., Beard, B. L., Valley, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-precision+SIMS+oxygen,+sulfur+and+iron+stable+isotope+analyses+of+geological+materials:+accuracy,+surface+topography+and+crystal+orientation.">High-precision SIMS oxygen, sulfur and iron stable isotope analyses of geological materials: accuracy, surface topography and crystal orientation.</a> Surf Interface Anal. 43 (1-2), 427-431 (2011).</li></ol>

硫铁矿的硫同位素分析是一种有用的方法, 可以帮助确定影响黄的生物地球化学过程。然而, 如果采用大容量硫同位素分析, 得到的硫同位素特征通常代表混合信号, 因为沉积黄铁矿聚集物通常是由多贯世代组成的。在这里, 我们提出了一个方法 (即,模拟人分析), 以分析原位硫同位素组成的各种黄铁矿世代的微观尺度。本协议中的关键步骤包括: (1) 从不同的沉积深度 (例如,莓、ove...

沉积物中的甲烷排放在大陆边上是常见的1,2。然而, 扩散渗流区的大部分甲烷是在沉积物中以硫酸盐为代价而氧化的, 这一过程被称为4-AOM (方程式 1)3,4。在这一过程中, 硫化物的产生通常导致黄铁矿的沉淀。此外, OSR 还通过释放硫化物 (方程式 2)5来驱动黄铁矿的形成。
CH4 +42- → HS– + 小贩3– + H2O (1)
2CH2O + 42- → H2S + 2HCO3- (2)
研究发现, 硫酸盐-甲烷过渡区 (SMTZ) 中的自硫化物揭示了高δ34的值, 这被认为是由增强引起的, 所以4-AOM 在渗透区域的范围内6,7, 8。相比之下, 由 OSR 诱导的黄铁矿通常显示较低δ34值9。然而, 这是挑战, 以确定不同的硫铁矿世代诱导的这些过程 (即, OSR, 因此4-AOM), 如果只使用一个散装硫同位素测量, 因为连续地形成了贯硫铁矿世代具有不同的同位素组成。因此, 需要进行微量的原位硫同位素分析, 以提高我们对实际矿化过程的认识10,11,12。作为一种多用途的技术为原位同位素分析, 西姆斯只需要几个微克的样本, 这引发了它的指定作为一种无损技术。一个主离子束地目标, 导致二次离子的发射, 随后被传送到质谱仪测量13。在早期的原位硫同位素分析应用中, Pimminger et al.通过使用 10-30 µm 直径光束14成功地分析了在方铅矿中的δ34值。这种方法已越来越多地应用于硫化物中硫同位素的微量分析, 在测量精度和分辨率方面都有显著的改进11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20. 从渗漏和 non-seep 环境中报告了各种形态属性和不同硫稳定同位素形态的黄铁矿, 从渗、下、21、、22、2324。然而, 我们最好的知识, 在我们最近的模拟人生研究6之前, 只有一项研究使用了原位从渗流环境中黄铁矿的硫同位素分析, 揭示了生物黄铁矿的大硫同位素变化25。
在这项研究中, 我们应用模拟人分析了自黄铁矿不同世代的δ34值从南海的渗流场, 它允许对 OSR 的微尺度判别-, 因此, 因此,4-AOM 衍生黄铁矿。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="835">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:363px;">secondary ion mass spectroscopy</td>
			<td style="width:128px;">Cameca</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">&#160;IMS-1280</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#160;thermal field emission scanning electron microscopy</td>
			<td>Quanta</td>
			<td>Quanta 400F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">elemental analyser - isotope ratio mass spectrometry</td>
			<td>ThermoFinnigan</td>
			<td colspan="2">ThermoFinnigan Delta Plus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">binocular microscope</td>
			<td>any</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">reflected light microscope</td>
			<td>Carl Zeiss</td>
			<td>3519001617</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">polishing machicine</td>
			<td>Struers</td>
			<td>60210535</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">cutting machicine</td>
			<td>Struers</td>
			<td>50110202</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">carbon/gold coating machicine</td>
			<td>any</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ethanol</td>
			<td>any</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">acetic acid&#160;</td>
			<td>any</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">zinc acetate solution (3%)&#160;&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>any</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">HCl solution (25%)</td>
			<td>any</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">1 M CrCl2 solution</td>
			<td>any</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">0.1 M AgNO3 solution</td>
			<td>any</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">V2O5 powder</td>
			<td>any</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pure nitrogen</td>
			<td>any</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">syringe</td>
			<td>any</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">filter(&#60;0.45 &#181;m)</td>
			<td>any</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">tin cups</td>
			<td>any</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">round bottom flasks</td>
			<td>any</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">epoxy</td>
			<td>Struers</td>
			<td>41000004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

preparation of authigenic pyrite from methane-bearing sediments for in situ sulfur isotope analysis using sims

自黄铁矿的不同硫同位素组成通常是由硫酸盐驱动的甲烷厌氧氧化 (如此4-AOM) 和 organiclastic 硫酸盐还原 (OSR) 在海洋沉积物中产生的。然而, 由于不同顺序形成的黄铁矿相共存, 解开复杂的黄序列是一个挑战。这份手稿描述了一个样品制备过程, 使使用二次离子质谱 (西姆斯) 获得原位δ34S 值的各种黄铁矿世代。这使得研究人员能够约束如何使4-AOM 影响黄在含甲烷的沉积物中的含量。西姆斯分析揭示了δ34值中的一个极端范围, 从-41.6 到 + 114.8‰, 这比从相同样本的传统的块状硫同位素分析得到的δ34值范围宽得多。浅层沉积物中的黄铁矿主要由34贫化莓, 表明 OSR 早成岩形成。更深的沉积, 更多的黄铁矿发生 overgrowths 和自晶体, 其中显示更高的西姆斯δ34的值比莓。这样的34富硫黄铁矿与 AOM 在硫酸盐-甲烷过渡带, postdating OSR 的增强, 因此,4。高分辨率原位模拟程序硫同位素分析允许黄过程的重建, 这是不能通过散装硫同位素分析来解决的。

数据表达-大块硫磺同位素:
与维也纳峡谷暗黑硫 (V-CDT) 标准相比较, 其体积硫同位素比值表示, 分析精度优于±0.3‰。用国际参考材料对硫同位素测量进行了标定: IAEA-S1 (δ34s =-0.30‰), IAEA-S2 (δ34s =-21.55‰), IAEA-S3 (δ34s =-31.4‰), 和国家统计局 127 (δ34s = 20.30‰)。 
<img alt="Equation" src="/files/ftp_upload/55970...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of Authigenic Pyrite from Methane-bearing Sediments for In Situ Sulfur Isotope Analysis Using SIMS at JoVE.com

Preparation of Authigenic Pyrite from Methane-bearing Sediments for In Situ Sulfur Isotope Analysis Using SIMS

含甲烷沉积物中黄铁矿的硫同位素组成 (δ34) 的分析通常集中在散装样品上。在这里, 我们应用二次离子质谱分析了不同黄铁矿世代的δ34值, 以了解黄的成岩史。

原位含甲烷沉积物中自黄铁矿的制备及应用模拟器硫同位素分析

Different sulfur isotope compositions of authigenic pyrite typically result from the sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane (SO4-AOM) and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Environment

Preparation of Authigenic Pyrite from Methane-bearing Sediments for In Situ Sulfur Isotope Analysis Using SIMS

Determination of Microbial Extracellular Enzyme Activity in Waters, Soils, and Sediments using High Throughput Microplate Assays

在使用高通量微孔板测定水，土壤，沉积物和微生物测定胞外酶活性的

Much of the nutrient cycling and carbon  processing in natural environments occurs through the activity of extracellular  enzymes released by ...

科研

环境科学

Laboratory-determined Phosphorus Flux from Lake Sediments as a Measure of Internal Phosphorus Loading

实验室确定的磷通量湖泊沉积物作为内部磷载入一个测量

Eutrophication is a water quality issue in lakes worldwide, and there is a critical need to identify and control nutrient sources. Internal phosphorus (P) ...

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability

去除微量元素的氧化铜纳米粉体制备铀<em&gt;原位</em&gt;恢复泌水及其对细胞活力的影响

In situ recovery (ISR) is the predominant method of uranium extraction in the United States. During ISR, uranium is leached from an ore body and extracted ...

Development of Sulfidogenic Sludge from Marine Sediments and Trichloroethylene Reduction in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor

Sulfidogenic污泥海洋沉积物和三氯乙烯减少在上流式厌氧污泥床反应器开发

The importance of microbial sulfate reduction relies on the various applications that it offers in environmental biotechnology. Engineered sulfate ...

Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

h的测量<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; S在原油和原油顶空用多维气相色谱法，院长交换和选择性硫检测

A method for the analysis of dissolved hydrogen sulfide in crude oil samples is demonstrated using gas chromatography. In order to effectively eliminate ...

LC-MS Analysis of Human Platelets as a Platform for Studying Mitochondrial Metabolism

Perturbed mitochondrial metabolism has received renewed interest as playing a causative role in a range of diseases. Probing alterations to metabolic ...

Simultaneous DNA-RNA Extraction from Coastal Sediments and Quantification of 16S rRNA Genes and Transcripts by Real-time PCR

从海岸沉积物和16S量化的rRNA基因和转录同时DNA-RNA提取采用Real-time PCR检测

Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction also known as quantitative PCR (q-PCR) is a widely used tool in microbial ecology to quantify gene abundances of ...

A Flow-through Exposure System for Evaluating Suspended Sediments Effects on Aquatic Life

对水生生命值评价悬浮泥沙影响的流通系统曝光

This paper describes the Fish Larvae and Egg Exposure System (FLEES). The flow-through exposure system is used to investigate the effects of suspended ...

Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides from Plastic Pellets and Plastic Type Analysis

从塑料颗粒中提取有机氯农药和塑料类型分析

Plastic resin pellets, categorized as microplastics (&#8804;5 mm in diameter), are small granules that can be unintentionally released to the environment ...

Bioindication Testing of Stream Environment Suitability for Young Freshwater Pearl Mussels Using In Situ Exposure Methods

Bioindication Testing of Stream Environment Suitability for Young Freshwater Pearl Mussels Using In Situ Exposure Methods

用原位曝光法测定淡水珍珠贻贝 Bioindication 的流环境适宜性

Knowledge of habitat suitability for freshwater mussels is an important step in the conservation of this endangered species group. We describe a protocol ...