Name: application of automated image-guided patch clamp for the study of neurons in brain slices
Uploaded: 2017-07-31T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Application of Automated Image-guided Patch Clamp for the Study of Neurons in Brain Slices at JoVE.com

我们非常感谢Whitehall基金会的财政支持。我们要感谢萨缪尔·基辛格的宝贵意见。

系统设置<ol><li>构造压力控制单元。 <ol><li>根据电路图组装压力控制单元（ 图1 ）。将必要的部件焊接到根据电路原理图制造的印刷电路板（PCB）上（ 图1b ）。使用标准电阻器，LED，金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管（MOSFET），电容器和连接器（见材料表 ）。焊接电磁阀到PCB上。使用电线将气泵和空气压力传感器连?...

<ol>
	<li>Sakmann, B., Neher, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patch+clamp+techniques+for+studying+ionic+channels+in+excitable+membranes.">Patch clamp techniques for studying ionic channels in excitable membranes.</a> Annu Rev Physiol. 46, 455-472 (1984).</li><li>Collins, M. D., Gordon, S. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Giant+liposome+preparation+for+imaging+and+patch-clamp+electrophysiology.">Giant liposome preparation for imaging and patch-clamp electrophysiology.</a> J Vis Exp. (76), (2013).</li><li>Kodandaramaiah, S. B., Franzesi, G. T., Chow, B. Y., Boyden, E. S., Forest, C. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automated+whole-cell+patch-clamp+electrophysiology+of+neurons+in+vivo.">Automated whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology of neurons in vivo.</a> Nat Methods. 9 (6), 585-587 (2012).</li><li>Desai, N. S., Siegel, J. J., Taylor, W., Chitwood, R. A., Johnston, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MATLAB-based+automated+patch-clamp+system+for+awake+behaving+mice.">MATLAB-based automated patch-clamp system for awake behaving mice.</a> J Neurophysiol. 114 (2), 1331-1345 (2015).</li><li>Kodandaramaiah, S. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assembly+and+operation+of+the+autopatcher+for+automated+intracellular+neural+recording+in+vivo.">Assembly and operation of the autopatcher for automated intracellular neural recording in vivo.</a> Nat Protocols. 11 (4), 634-654 (2016).</li><li>Wu, Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Integration+of+autopatching+with+automated+pipette+and+cell+detection+in+vitro.">Integration of autopatching with automated pipette and cell detection in vitro.</a> J Neurophysiol. 116 (4), 1564-1578 (2016).</li><li>Perin, R., Markram, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+computer-assisted+multi-electrode+patch-clamp+system.">A computer-assisted multi-electrode patch-clamp system.</a> J Vis Exp. (80), e50630 (2013).</li><li>Fertig, N., Blick, R. H., Behrends, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whole+cell+patch+clamp+recording+performed+on+a+planar+glass+chip.">Whole cell patch clamp recording performed on a planar glass chip.</a> Biophys J. 82 (6), 3056-3062 (2002).</li><li>Brown, A. L., Johnson, B. E., Goodman, M. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Making+patch-pipettes+and+sharp+electrodes+with+a+programmable+puller.">Making patch-pipettes and sharp electrodes with a programmable puller.</a> J Vis Exp. (20), (2008).</li><li>Segev, A., Garcia-Oscos, F., Kourrich, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whole-cell+Patch-clamp+Recordings+in+Brain+Slices.">Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings in Brain Slices.</a> J Vis Exp. (112), (2016).</li><li>Campagnola, L., Kratz, M. B., Manis, P. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ACQ4:+an+open-source+software+platform+for+data+acquisition+and+analysis+in+neurophysiology+research.">ACQ4: an open-source software platform for data acquisition and analysis in neurophysiology research.</a> Front Neuroinform. 8 (3), (2014).</li><li>Kolb, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cleaning+patch-clamp+pipettes+for+immediate+reuse.">Cleaning patch-clamp pipettes for immediate reuse.</a> Sci Rep. 6, (2016).</li></ol>

在这里，我们描述了体外自动图像引导膜片钳记录的方法 。这个过程的关键步骤总结如下。首先，计算机视觉用于使用通过显微镜获取的一系列图像来自动识别移液管尖端。然后将该信息用于计算显微镜和机械手坐标系之间的坐标变换函数。计算机视觉用于自动检测荧光标记的细胞并识别其坐标。这些步骤集成了移液器瞄准和使用开源Python编程语言PyQT和OpenCV库的自动修补算法。 ...

Neher和Sakmann于20世纪70年代首先研发了膜片钳技术，研究了可兴奋膜1的离子通道。从那时起，斑块夹紧已被应用于细胞，突触和电路水平的许多不同受试者的体外和体内研究 - 在许多不同的细胞类型，包括神经元，心肌细胞，非洲爪蟾卵母细胞和人造脂质体2 。该过程涉及正确识别和靶向感兴趣的细胞，复杂的显微操纵器控制将贴片移液管移动到细胞附近，在适当的时间向移液管施加正压和负压以建立紧密的基底膜，并建立一个全单元补丁配置。贴片钳通常手动进行，需要大量培训才能掌握。即使是经验丰富的研究人员钳夹，成功率相对较低。最近，已经进行了几次尝试来实现膜片钳实验的自动化。两个主要策略已经发展到完成自动化：增加标准膜片钳设备，从头开始自动控制修补过程和新设备和技术的设计。前者的策略是适用于现有的硬件，并且可以在各种膜片钳应用中使用，包括在体内盲膜片钳3，4，5， 体外急性脑切片的膜片钳，器官切片培养物中，培养解离的神经元6 。它可以同时使用多个显微操纵器来询问复杂的局部电路7 。平面贴片方法是新开发策略的一个例子，可以实现高吞吐量同时p用于药物筛选目的的悬浮液中的细胞的atch夹钳8 。然而，平面贴片方法不适用于所有细胞类型，特别是具有长过程的神经元或包含广泛连接的完整电路。这限制了其应用来映射神经系统的复杂电路，这是传统膜片钳技术的关键优势。 我们开发了一种通过增加标准膜片钳硬件在体外自动化手动膜片钳制程的系统。我们的系统Autopatcher IG提供自动移液器校准，荧光细胞靶标识别，移液管移动自动控制，自动全细胞修补和数据记录。该系统可以自动获取不同深度的脑片的多个图像;使用计算机视觉分析他们;并提取信息，包括荧光标记细胞的坐标。那么这个信息就可以了用于目标和自动补丁感兴趣的细胞。该软件是使用Python编写的，这是一种免费的开源程序设计语言，它使用几个开源库。这确保了其他研究人员的可及性，并提高了电生理实验的重现性和严谨性。该系统具有模块化设计，使得额外的硬件可以轻松地与当前演示的系统进行接口。

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application of automated image-guided patch clamp for the study of neurons in brain slices

全细胞膜片钳是衡量单细胞电性质的金标准方法。然而，由于其复杂性和对用户操作和控制的高度依赖，体外膜片钳仍然是具有挑战性和低吞吐量的技术。该手稿展示了一种用于急性脑切片体外全细胞膜片钳实验的图像引导自动膜片钳系统。我们的系统实施基于计算机视觉的算法来检测荧光标记的细胞，并使用显微操纵器和内部移液管压力控制将其定位成全自动修补。整个过程是高度自动化的，对人为干预的要求最低。实时的实验信息，包括电阻和内部移液器压力，以电子方式进行记录，以便将来进行分析和优化到不同的细胞类型。虽然我们的系统是在急性文胸的背景下描述的n切片记录，还可以应用于解离神经元，器官切片培养物和其他非神经元细胞类型的自动图像引导膜片钳。

<html>我们的系统已经测试了其在急性脑切片，分化为神经元的小鼠诱导的多能干细胞（iPSC）中的细胞的能力以及人造表达感兴趣的通道的HEK 293细胞的能力。 图3显示了使用Thy1-ChR2-YFP转基因小鼠（B6.Cg-Tg（Thy1-COP4 / EYFP）18Gfng / J）靶向视觉皮层中荧光标记的5层锥体神经元的实验。靶细胞是自动识别的绿色荧光阳性细胞之一（ 图3b...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Application of Automated Image-guided Patch Clamp for the Study of Neurons in Brain Slices at JoVE.com

Application of Automated Image-guided Patch Clamp for the Study of Neurons in Brain Slices

该协议描述了如何使用最近为标准体外电生理设备开发的系统进行自动图像引导的膜片钳实验。

自动图像引导贴片夹在脑切片神经元研究中的应用

Whole-cell patch clamp is the gold-standard method to measure the electrical properties of single cells. However, the in vitro patch clamp remains a ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Culturing and Electrophysiology of Cells on NRCC Patch-clamp Chips

NRCC的膜片钳芯片上细胞的培养和电

Due to its exquisite sensitivity and the ability to monitor and control individual cells at the level of ion channels, patch-clamping is the gold standard ...

科研

神经科学

Patch-clamp Capacitance Measurements and Ca2+ Imaging at Single Nerve Terminals in Retinal Slices

Patch-clamp Capacitance Measurements and Ca2+ Imaging at Single Nerve Terminals in Retinal Slices

膜片钳电容测量和Ca 2 +单神经末梢成像在视网膜切片

Visual stimuli are detected and conveyed over a wide dynamic range of light intensities and frequency changes by specialized neurons in the vertebrate ...

A Computer-assisted Multi-electrode Patch-clamp System

计算机辅助多电极膜片钳系统

The patch-clamp technique is today the most  well-established method for recording electrical activity from individual  neurons or their subcellular ...

Electrophysiological and Morphological Characterization of Neuronal Microcircuits in Acute Brain Slices Using Paired Patch-Clamp Recordings

神经微电路急性脑片电生理和形态特征采用配对膜片钳记录

The combination of patch clamp recordings from two (or more) synaptically coupled neurons (paired recordings) in acute brain slice preparations with ...

Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings in Brain Slices

在脑片全细胞膜片钳记录

Whole-cell patch-clamp recording is an electrophysiological technique that allows the study of the&#160;electrical properties of a substantial part of the ...

Subcellular Patch-clamp Recordings from the Somatodendritic Domain of Nigral Dopamine Neurons

从黑质多巴胺神经元的Somatodendritic域亚细胞的膜片钳记录

Dendrites of dopaminergic neurons receive and convey synaptic input, support action potential back-propagation and neurotransmitter release. Understanding ...

Preparations and Protocols for Whole Cell Patch Clamp Recording of Xenopus laevis Tectal Neurons

Preparations and Protocols for Whole Cell Patch Clamp Recording of Xenopus laevis Tectal Neurons

爪蟾Tectal 神经元全细胞膜片钳记录的制备与协议

The Xenopus tadpole retinotectal circuit, comprised of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the eye which form synapses directly onto neurons in the optic ...

Preparation of Acute Spinal Cord Slices for Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recording in Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons

凝胶神经元全细胞斑块夹的急性脊髓切片的制备

Recent whole-cell patch-clamp studies from substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons have provided a large body of information about the spinal mechanisms ...

Targeted Neuronal Injury for the Non-Invasive Disconnection of Brain Circuitry

脑回路非侵入性断开的靶向神经元损伤

Surgical intervention can be quite effective for treating certain types of medically intractable neurological diseases. This approach is particularly ...

Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Neurons as a Target for Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Recordings

下丘脑Kisspeptin神经元作为全细胞膜片钳记录的靶标

Kisspeptins are essential for the maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and fertility. Hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons located in ...