Name: determination of sialic acids in liver and milk samples of wild-type and cmah knock-out mice.
Uploaded: 2017-07-14T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Determination of Sialic Acids in Liver and Milk Samples of Wild-type and CMAH Knock-out Mice. at JoVE.com

这项工作部分得到了中国自然科学基金资助（授权号31471703，合资和律师事务所A0201300537和31671854）以及100名外籍人才计划（授予合资公司JSB2014012）。

涉及动物受试者的程序已经根据“国家实验动物福利准则”（中国科学技术部，2006年），南京农业大学实验动物中心伦理委员会批准，动物饲养在SPF设施（Permission ID：SYXK-J-2011-0037）。 Cmah敲出鼠标模型<ol><li>使用扬州大学比较医学中心野生型C57Bl / 6小鼠（中国）。 注意：基于商业上使用CRISPR / Cas9 20战略来自先前CMAH敲除研究<sup class="...

<ol>
	<li>Lamari, F. N., Karamanos, N. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Separation+methods+for+sialic+acids+and+critical+evaluation+of+their+biologic+relevance.">Separation methods for sialic acids and critical evaluation of their biologic relevance.</a> J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 781 (1-2), 3-19 (2002).</li><li>Irie, A., Koyama, S., Kozutsumi, Y., Kawasaki, T., Suzuki, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+molecular+basis+for+the+absence+of+N-glycolylneuraminic+acid+in+humans.">The molecular basis for the absence of N-glycolylneuraminic acid in humans.</a> J Biol Chem. 273 (25), 15866-15871 (1998).</li><li>Chou, H. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+mutation+in+human+CMP-sialic+acid+hydroxylase+occurred+after+the+Homo-Pan+divergence.">A mutation in human CMP-sialic acid hydroxylase occurred after the Homo-Pan divergence.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 95 (20), 11751-11756 (1998).</li><li>Rehan, I. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large-Scale+Glycomics+of+Livestock:+Discovery+of+Highly+Sensitive+Serum+Biomarkers+Indicating+an+Environmental+Stress+Affecting+Immune+Responses+and+Productivity+of+Holstein+Dairy+Cows.">Large-Scale Glycomics of Livestock: Discovery of Highly Sensitive Serum Biomarkers Indicating an Environmental Stress Affecting Immune Responses and Productivity of Holstein Dairy Cows.</a> J Agric Food Chem. 63 (48), 10578-10590 (2015).</li><li>Wang, B., McVeagh, P., Petocz, P., Brand-Miller, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Brain+ganglioside+and+glycoprotein+sialic+acid+in+breastfed+compared+with+formula-fed+infants.">Brain ganglioside and glycoprotein sialic acid in breastfed compared with formula-fed infants.</a> Am J Clin Nutr. 78 (5), 1024-1029 (2003).</li><li>Yao, H. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantification+of+sialic+acids+in+red+meat+by+UPLC-FLD+using+indoxylsialosides+as+internal+standards.">Quantification of sialic acids in red meat by UPLC-FLD using indoxylsialosides as internal standards.</a> Glycoconj J. 33 (2), 219-226 (2016).</li><li>Nguyen, D. H., Tangvoranuntakul, P., Varki, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+natural+human+antibodies+against+a+nonhuman+sialic+acid+that+metabolically+incorporates+into+activated+and+malignant+immune+cells.">Effects of natural human antibodies against a nonhuman sialic acid that metabolically incorporates into activated and malignant immune cells.</a> J Immunol. 175 (1), 228-236 (2005).</li><li>Byres, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Incorporation+of+a+non-human+glycan+mediates+human+susceptibility+to+a+bacterial+toxin.">Incorporation of a non-human glycan mediates human susceptibility to a bacterial toxin.</a> Nature. 456 (7222), 648-652 (2008).</li><li>Hedlund, M., Padler-Karavani, V., Varki, N. M., Varki, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence+for+a+human-specific+mechanism+for+diet+and+antibody-mediated+inflammation+in+carcinoma+progression.">Evidence for a human-specific mechanism for diet and antibody-mediated inflammation in carcinoma progression.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 105 (48), 18936-18941 (2008).</li><li>Tangvoranuntakul, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+uptake+and+incorporation+of+an+immunogenic+nonhuman+dietary+sialic+acid.">Human uptake and incorporation of an immunogenic nonhuman dietary sialic acid.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 100 (21), 12045-12050 (2003).</li><li>Svennerholm, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+estimation+of+sialic+acids.+II.+A+colorimetric+resorcinol-hydrochloric+acid+method.">Quantitative estimation of sialic acids. II. A colorimetric resorcinol-hydrochloric acid method.</a> Biochim Biophys Acta. 24 (3), 604-611 (1957).</li><li>Warren, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+thiobarbituric+acid+assay+of+sialic+acids.">The thiobarbituric acid assay of sialic acids.</a> J Biol Chem. 234 (8), 1971-1975 (1959).</li><li>Kakehi, K., Maeda, K., Teramae, M., Honda, S., Takai, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+sialic+acids+by+gas+chromatography+of+the+mannosamine+derivatives+released+by+the+action+of+N-acetylneuraminate+lyase.">Analysis of sialic acids by gas chromatography of the mannosamine derivatives released by the action of N-acetylneuraminate lyase.</a> J Chromatogr. 272 (1), 1-8 (1983).</li><li>Wheeler, S. F., Domann, P., Harvey, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Derivatization+of+sialic+acids+for+stabilization+in+matrix-assisted+laser+desorption/ionization+mass+spectrometry+and+concomitant+differentiation+of+alpha(2+-->+3)-+and+alpha(2+-->+6)-isomers.">Derivatization of sialic acids for stabilization in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and concomitant differentiation of alpha(2 --> 3)- and alpha(2 --> 6)-isomers.</a> Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 23 (2), 303-312 (2009).</li><li>Hurum, D. C., Rohrer, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determination+of+sialic+acids+in+infant+formula+by+chromatographic+methods:+a+comparison+of+high-performance+anion-exchange+chromatography+with+pulsed+amperometric+detection+and+ultra-high-performance+liquid+chromatography+methods.">Determination of sialic acids in infant formula by chromatographic methods: a comparison of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography methods.</a> J Dairy Sci. 95 (3), 1152-1161 (2012).</li><li>Ito, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+improved+fluorometric+high-performance+liquid+chromatography+method+for+sialic+acid+determination:+an+internal+standard+method+and+its+application+to+sialic+acid+analysis+of+human+apolipoprotein.">An improved fluorometric high-performance liquid chromatography method for sialic acid determination: an internal standard method and its application to sialic acid analysis of human apolipoprotein.</a> E. Anal Biochem. 300 (2), 260-266 (2002).</li><li>Naito, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Germinal+Center+Marker+GL7+Probes+Activation-Dependent+Repression+of+N-Glycolylneuraminic+Acid,+a+Sialic+Acid+Species+Involved+in+the+Negative+Modulation+of+B-Cell+Activation.">Germinal Center Marker GL7 Probes Activation-Dependent Repression of N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid, a Sialic Acid Species Involved in the Negative Modulation of B-Cell Activation.</a> Mol Cell Biol. 27 (8), 3008-3022 (2007).</li><li>Manzi, A. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-pressure+liquid+chromatography+of+sialic+acids+on+a+pellicular+resin+anion-exchange+column+with+pulsed+amperometric+detection:+a+comparison+with+six+other+systems.">High-pressure liquid chromatography of sialic acids on a pellicular resin anion-exchange column with pulsed amperometric detection: a comparison with six other systems.</a> Anal Biochem. 188 (1), 20-32 (1990).</li><li>Hedlund, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=N-glycolylneuraminic+acid+deficiency+in+mice:+implications+for+human+biology+and+evolution.">N-glycolylneuraminic acid deficiency in mice: implications for human biology and evolution.</a> Mol Cell Biol. 27 (12), 4340-4346 (2007).</li><li>Platt, R. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CRISPR-Cas9+knockin+mice+for+genome+editing+and+cancer+modeling.">CRISPR-Cas9 knockin mice for genome editing and cancer modeling.</a> Cell. 159 (2), 440-455 (2014).</li><li>Zangala, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+genomic+DNA+from+mouse+tails.">Isolation of genomic DNA from mouse tails.</a> J Vis Exp. (6), e246 (2007).</li><li>Willingham, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Milk+collection+methods+for+mice+and+Reeves'+muntjac+deer.">Milk collection methods for mice and Reeves' muntjac deer.</a> J Vis Exp. (89), (2014).</li><li>Goncalves, L. A., Vigario, A. M., Penha-Goncalves, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+isolation+of+murine+hepatocytes+for+in+vitro+malaria+liver+stage+studies.">Improved isolation of murine hepatocytes for in vitro malaria liver stage studies.</a> Malar J. 6, 169 (2007).</li></ol>

本文提出的方案允许通过分析和定量牛奶和肝脏样品的Neu5Gc的相对量来对纯合Cmah敲除小鼠进行表型评估。使用具有荧光检测的标准HPLC装置进行分析。该方法最关键的步骤是制备阴离子交换柱并进行阴离子交换层析;妥善安置树脂并收集正确的洗涤和洗脱部分需要一些练习。 或者，本文使用的衍生化试剂OPD可以容易地用更昂贵的衍生剂DMB（1,2-二氨基-4,5-亚甲基二氧基苯?...

N-乙酰神经氨酸（Neu5Ac）和N-羟乙酰神经氨酸（Neu5Gc）是大多数哺乳动物中最常见的唾液酸1 。虽然能够内源性合成的Neu5Ac，人类不能产生Neu5Gc的由于对CMAH编码用于CMP-Neu5Ac的羟化酶2,3该基因的初级外显子缺失。然而，动物类食品产品可以Neu5Gc的4，5，6的饮食来源，导致产生抗Neu5Gc抗体，并因此触发朝向的Neu5Gc 7的免疫应答。 Neu5Gc的这一膳食效果被怀疑向慢性炎症和各种其它疾病8，9，10。为了全面了解Neu5Gc在h中的作用umans，一种用于系统研究食源性唾液酸影响的动物模型是非常需要的。虽然基于聚合酶链反应（PCR）分析敲除小鼠的方案已经很好地建立，并且是基因型评估的便捷方式，但代谢水平上表型的功能分析需要更具体的分析方法。可以通过分离和分析肝脏或牛奶样品中唾液酸的组成来评估Cmah敲除小鼠模型的表型。以前已经报道了几种用于检测动物组织中唾液酸的方法：唾液酸与间苯二酚11或硫代巴比妥酸12反应导致形成发色产物，并且可以使用基于平板印刷机的设置进行简单的分析，但只有总唾液酸可以测定酸含量。或者，也使用气相色谱法描述唾液酸的分析13 ，MALDI-ToF质谱法14或电流法15 。然而，最常用的唾液酸分析方法是基于水解释放，随后荧光衍生化和随后的高效液相色谱16，17，18。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="684">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:147px;">Chemicals:</td>
			<td style="width:144px;"></td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:251px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">N-acetylneuraminic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A0812</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">N-glycolylneuraminic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td align="right">50644</td>
			<td>1 mg aliquot should be sufficient</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">o-Phenylenediamine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td align="right">694975</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Sodium hydrogen sulfite</td>
			<td>J&#38;K Scientific Ltd</td>
			<td align="right">75234</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Tools/Materials:</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">3 mL SPE tubes</td>
			<td>Supelco</td>
			<td>Sigma 57024</td>
			<td>empty solid phase extraction columns</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Luer stopcock</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S7396</td>
			<td>to stop the flow of the SPE tube</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Dowex 1X8</td>
			<td>Dow Chemicals</td>
			<td>Sigma 44340</td>
			<td>200-400 mesh</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Dounce tissue grinder</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D8938</td>
			<td>tight fit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">HPLC Analysis:</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">High-recovery HPLC vial</td>
			<td>Agilent Technologies</td>
			<td>#5188-2788</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">HPLC System</td>
			<td>Shimadzu</td>
			<td>Nexera</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Fluorescence Detector for HPLC</td>
			<td>Shimadzu</td>
			<td>RF-20Axs</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">HPLC Column</td>
			<td>Phenomenex</td>
			<td>Hyperclone ODS</td>
			<td>250x4.6 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;">LCMS-grade H2O</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>#WX00011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">LCMS-grade Acetonitrile</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>#100029</td>
			<td>Hypergrade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ammonium hydroxide solution</td>
			<td>Fluka</td>
			<td>#44273</td>
			<td>puriss. P.a.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

determination of sialic acids in liver and milk samples of wild-type and cmah knock-out mice.

CMAH（胞苷一磷酸-N-乙酰神经氨酸羟化酶）负责哺乳动物中胞苷一磷酸-N-乙酰神经氨酸的氧化。然而，由于CMAH基因的主要外显子缺失，人类不能将胞苷一磷酸-N-乙酰神经氨酸氧化为胞苷一磷酸-N-羟乙酰神经氨酸。为了更清楚地了解CMAH活动缺乏的影响和影响，小鼠中的Cmah敲除模型对基础和应用研究非常感兴趣。本文详细描述了确定该小鼠模型的表型的分析方法，并且基于在野生型和Cmah敲除小鼠的肝脏和牛奶中检测到N-乙酰神经氨酸和N-羟乙酰神经氨酸。内源性唾液酸被邻苯二胺释放并衍生，产生荧光衍生物，随后可用HPLC分析。所呈现的协议可以是也适用于各种其他来源的牛奶和组织样品的分析，可用于研究N-羟乙酰神经氨酸的营养和健康影响。

所描述的分析方法的示意图如图1所示，包括从野生型和Cmah敲除突变小鼠的牛奶和肝脏样品中分离唾液酸，以及这些组分的荧光衍生化和HPLC分析。 图2和图3显示了来自同源和杂合敲除Cmah小鼠（ - / - 和+/-）和野生型小鼠的牛奶和肝脏样品的衍生唾液酸的代表性HPLC色谱图</strong...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Determination of Sialic Acids in Liver and Milk Samples of Wild-type and CMAH Knock-out Mice. at JoVE.com

Determination of Sialic Acids in Liver and Milk Samples of Wild-type and CMAH Knock-out Mice.

我们描述了一种基于HPLC的方法，用于测定小鼠肝脏和牛奶中的N-乙酰神经氨酸和N-羟乙酰神经氨酸。

测定野生型肝脏和牛奶样品中的唾液酸<em&gt; CMAH</em&gt;敲出小鼠

CMAH (cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase) is responsible for the oxidation of cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acids in ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Determination of Sialic Acids in Liver and Milk Samples of Wild-type and CMAH Knock-out Mice.

Quantitation of &gamma;H2AX Foci in Tissue Samples

Quantitation of ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â³H2AX Foci in Tissue Samples

定量组织样本中的γH2AX灶

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are particularly lethal and genotoxic lesions, that can arise either by endogenous (physiological or pathological) ...

科研

生物学

Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1

使用内源性野生型BRCA1基因的细胞表达，确定同源重组的BRCA1基因突变的影响

The functional analysis of missense mutations can be complicated by the presence in the cell of the endogenous protein. Structure-function analyses of the ...

Concentration Determination of Nucleic Acids and Proteins Using the Micro-volume Bio-spec Nano Spectrophotometer

使用微量的生物规格的纳米分光光度计核酸和蛋白的浓度测定

Nucleic Acid quantitation procedures have advanced significantly in the last three decades.  More and more, molecular biologists require consistent ...

In vivo Liver Endocytosis Followed by Purification of Liver Cells by Liver Perfusion

In vivo Liver Endocytosis Followed by Purification of Liver Cells by Liver Perfusion

在体内肝细胞的分离纯化的肝细胞内吞其次是肝脏灌注

The liver is the metabolic center of the mammalian body and serves as a filter for the blood.  The basic architecture of the liver is illustrated in ...

A PCR-based Genotyping Method to Distinguish Between Wild-type and Ornamental Varieties of Imperata cylindrica

A PCR-based Genotyping Method to Distinguish Between Wild-type and Ornamental Varieties of Imperata cylindrica

一个基于PCR的基因分型方法来区分野生型和观赏品种白茅</em

Wild-type I. cylindrica (cogongrass) is one of the top ten worst invasive plants in the world, negatively impacting agricultural and natural resources in ...

Do-It-Yourself Device for Recovery of Cryopreserved Samples Accidentally Dropped into Cryogenic Storage Tanks

做自己动手恢复冻存样品的设备不慎掉落到低温储罐

Liquid nitrogen is colorless, odorless, extremely cold (-196 &deg;C) liquid kept under pressure. It is commonly used as a cryogenic fluid for long term ...

Milk Collection Methods for Mice and Reeves' Muntjac Deer

牛奶收集方法小鼠和里夫斯&#39;麂鹿

Animal models are commonly used throughout research laboratories to accomplish what would normally be considered impractical in a pathogen&#8217;s native ...

Determination of Fatty Acid Oxidation and Lipogenesis in Mouse Primary Hepatocytes

在小鼠原代肝细胞测定脂肪酸氧化和脂肪生成的

Lipid metabolism in liver is complex. In addition to importing and exporting lipid via lipoproteins, hepatocytes can oxidize lipid via fatty acid ...

Milk Collection in the Rat Using Capillary Tubes and Estimation of Milk Fat Content by Creamatocrit

奶源在大鼠毛细管管和乳脂肪含量Creamatocrit估计

Milk, as the sole source of nutrition for the newborn mammal, provides the necessary nutrients and energy for offspring growth and development. It also ...

Filtration Isolation of Nucleic Acids:  A Simple and Rapid DNA Extraction Method

核酸的分离过滤：一种简单快速的DNA提取方法

FINA, filtration isolation of nucleic acids, is a novel extraction method which utilizes vertical filtration via a separation membrane and absorbent pad ...