Name: protocol for assessing the relative effects of environment and genetics on antler and body growth for a long-lived cervid
Uploaded: 2017-08-08T13:00:00
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野生生物復元法 (W-48-61) 連邦政府の援助からの資源を活用した金融支援、ミシシッピ州野生生物部、水産と公園 (MDWFP) に感謝します。我々 はデータ コレクションの MDWFP 生物学者・ w ・ マッキンリー、A. ブレイロック、A. ゲイリー ・ l ・ ウィルフ広範な関与を感謝します。我々 はまた、施設コーディネーターとして s. タッカーと複数の大学院生、技術者データを収集、彼らの助けのために感謝します。この原稿は、ミシシッピ州立大学森林野生動物研究センターの貢献 WFA427 です。

Ethics Statement: The Mississippi State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved all capture, handling, and marking techniques under protocols 04-068, 07-036, 10-033 and 13-034.
1. Establish Capture Sites, Immobilize and Transport wild White-tailed Deer
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	<li>Identify public and private properties that are enrolled in the Deer Management Assistance Program22 and establish &#8805;29 capture sites throughout three source regions in Mississippi, USA.</stron...

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B., Demarais, S., Strickland, B. K., Wang, G., Dacus, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+nutrition+cues+switch+from+efficiency+to+luxury+phenotypes+for+a+long-lived+ungulate.">Improved nutrition cues switch from efficiency to luxury phenotypes for a long-lived ungulate.</a> Ecol Evol. 6 (20), 7276-7285 (2016).</li><li>Miller, B. F., Muller, L. I., Doherty, T., Osborn, D. A., Miller, K. V., Warren, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effectiveness+of+antagonists+for+tiletamine-zolazepam/xylazine+immobilization+in+female+white-tailed+deer.">Effectiveness of antagonists for tiletamine-zolazepam/xylazine immobilization in female white-tailed deer.</a> J Wildl Dis. 40 (3), 533-537 (2004).</li><li>Nesbitt, W. H., Wright, P. L., Buckner, E. L., Byers, C. 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我々 のプロトコルに関連付けられているいくつかのステップがあります。ただし、このプロトコルの成功を保障するために取られなければならない 4 つの重要なステップがあります。まず、野生の鹿のキャプチャ中に単一のソース領域 (ステップ 1.1.1) 各地キャプチャする必要があります。複数のキャプチャ場所によってソース領域に関連付けられているすべての遺伝の可変性は鹿の間で表?...

母親の妊娠および授乳期に経験する環境要因は彼女の子孫の表現型は、遺伝子型1,2,3の独立に影響を与えます。質の低い環境に生息する母親が子供を産む効率表現型 (小さな角と体サイズ4) を示すに対し可能性が高い高品質な環境に生息する母親 (大きな枝角と体サイズ4)、高級表現型を示す子孫が生成されます。したがって、高品質の環境で永続化が子孫の生殖機会5,6,7、8に直接影響を与えるし、母の包括適応度に直接な影響を及ぼす可能性のある大規模な表現型特性を持つ男性の子孫を産む母できます。
栄養イチイ (熊の胆、 Ursus arctos9; 全体表現型特性に直接影響がLiasis fuscusI10;都 michahellis11) ミシシッピ州、米国におけるオジロジカの表現型に影響を与える可能性がありますいくつかの要因。角と本体のサイズが12他の人と比較して約 3 分の 1 いくつかの人口のために大きいです。このバリエーションの飼料品質13,14; と相関が強い最も大きい男性は、飼料の最高の品質と地域で発見されます。ただし、ミシシッピ州のオジロジカの歴史的な復興は遺伝的ボトルネックや創始者効果15,16オジロジカの表現型で観測された局所的な値変動のいくつかを説明するかもしれないまた、部分的につながっている可能性があります。
我々 は野生で捕獲されたオジロジカ、男性表現型が遺伝学人口レベルによって制限されているかどうかを評価することができたの栄養の品質管理に使用するプロトコルを提供します。このプロトコルも母性効果を遅れているかどうかを評価することができました私たちの集団に存在していた。私たちの制御設計は栄養制限3,17プロキシとして環境変数の使用に限定されている無料の至るまで人口に調査に優先されます。私たちの制御設計は、潜在的な慢性的なストレス社会に関連する相互作用を似たような住宅と畜産の実践にさらされているすべての個人と一定に保たれるよう、その他の変数もできます。さらに、ため栄養生活史の他の側面に直接影響に至る再生サバイバル18,19栄養の制御により哺乳類の生活史の側面に影響を与える他の変数を評価するために調査官。類似したプロトコルは、(例えば、 20,21) 北アメリカを渡る他の有蹄類の生活史の側面に関連する質問を評価するために記載されています。

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			<td height="20" style="width:416px;height:20px;">Shelled Corn</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Elevated Stand</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Safety Harness</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ground Blind</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Model 196 Projector</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">3cc Radio-Telemetry Darts</td>
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			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Various Sized Darts&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:316px;">(Pneu-Dart, Pennsylvania, USA)</td>
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			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Xylazine HCl&#160;</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Yhoimbine HCl</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Rectal Thermometer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Shade Cloth</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td style="width:380px;">(Purina AntlerMax Professional High Energy Breeder 59UB, Purina, Missouri, USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Trough Style Feeders</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Commercial Clover&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:380px;">(Durana Clover, Pennington Seed Co., Georgia, USA)</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Commercial Fescue&#160;</td>
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			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Blankets</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
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			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td></td>
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			<td>Safeguard Co.,&#160;</td>
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			<td></td>
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			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Tape Measure</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Clostridium Perfringens Types C and D Toxoid Essential 3&#160;</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Clostridium Perfringens Types C and D Antitoxin Equine Origin</td>
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			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ivermectin in propylene glycol</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Antibiotic</td>
			<td style="width:380px;">(Nuflor, Schuering-Plough Animal Health Corp., New Jersey, USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ivermectin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:380px;">(Norbrook Labratories, LTD., Down, Northern Ireland, UK)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Clostidrial vaccine</td>
			<td style="width:316px;">(Vision 7 with SPUR, Ivesco LLC, Iowa, USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Leptospirosis vaccine&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:316px;">(Leptoferm-5, Pfizer, Inc., New York, USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Trailer for transport</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Reciprocating saw&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:316px;">(DEWALT, Maryland, USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Scientific Digital Scale&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:316px;">(Global Industrail, Global Equipment Company Inc)</td>
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		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Antler Measuring Tape</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Fogger</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Plastic Ear Tags&#160;</td>
			<td>(Allflex, Texas, USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Plastic Ear Tagger</td>
			<td>(Allflex, Texas, USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

protocol for assessing the relative effects of environment and genetics on antler and body growth for a long-lived cervid

シカの表現型は、2 つのカテゴリのいずれかに配置できる: 効率、贅沢な形態成長、高級、大型武器と体の成長を促進する生存を促進します。同じ種の個体数は、環境条件によって各々 の表現型を表示します。男性オジロジカ (ジューテリウムで子鹿) の枝と体サイズ ミシシッピ州、米国の地形の地域によって異なりますが、栄養的な品質の地域変動と相関が強くがネイティブ株式、返品前の努力からの人口レベルの遺伝学の影響は無視できません。このプロトコルでは、年齢や栄養などの表現型に影響を与えるその他の要因が制御されます制御研究の設計方法について説明します。我々 は、ミシシッピ州、米国ミシシッピ州大学さびたドーキンス記念鹿単位に 3 つの地形領域から 1 歳 6 か月フォーンズ野生で捕獲された妊娠した女性をもたらした。子孫の世代別応答と母性効果を評価することの第二世代を生成する同じ地域から鹿を飼育されました。すべての鹿は、同じ高品質 (20% 粗蛋白質鹿ペレット) ダイエット広告自由を食べた。我々 は一意に各新生児をマークし、体の質量、後ろ足の足と全身の長さを記録しました。各後続の秋はリモート注射を介して個人を鎮静し、同じ津雲プラス大人の鹿の角をサンプリングします。最初から角のサイズ (地域的変動はもはや存在しない) の完全な補償と体重 (地域的変化がいくつかの証拠) 第二世代の明らかの部分的な補償の第二世代のサイズにすべて津雲が増加したことがわかった。表示角サイズの 40% の増加、および野生の収穫された相手に比較すると体の質量の 25% の増加について私たちの最も貧しい品質土壌地域に由来する 2 番目の世代の男性。ワイルド男性オジロジカ ミシシッピ州での表現型変異はより人口レベルの遺伝学より栄養価の違いに関連が示唆されました。

個々 の年齢、栄養的な品質、および遺伝学男性オジロジカの表現型に影響を与えます。私たち研究デザインができました栄養鹿の品質を制御するために使用していたし、年クラス内で有効な比較の各鹿の年齢を識別することができました。栄養と私たちの研究デザインと年齢を制御してができますより人口レベルの遺伝学は 2 つの学習集団から男性の表現型が制限さ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid at JoVE.com

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid

アントラーとシカの長命の体の成長の遺伝と環境の相対的な効果の評価のためのプロトコル

人口レベルの遺伝学や栄養物; に関連するシカの集団間の表現型の違い肥えた野生では困難であります。このプロトコルでは、栄養の変化が除去された制御研究の設計方法について説明します。男性オジロジカの表現型変異が遺伝学よりより栄養によって限られたがわかった。

Cervid phenotype can be placed into one of two categories: efficiency, which promotes survival over extravagant morphometric growth, and luxury, which ...

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