Name: protocol for assessing the relative effects of environment and genetics on antler and body growth for a long-lived cervid
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Biz Mississippi bölümü vahşi yaşam, balıkçılık ve parklar (MDWFP) kaynakları Federal Yardım'dan yaban hayatı restorasyon Yasası (W-48-61) kullanarak mali destek için teşekkür ederiz. Veri toplama MDWFP biyologlar W. McKinley, A. Blaylock, A. Gary ve L. Wilf onların geniş katılımı için teşekkür ederiz. Ayrıca S. Tucker tesis Koordinatörü olarak ve birden fazla yüksek lisans öğrencileri ve teknisyenler veri toplama onların yardım için teşekkür ederiz. Bu el yazması WFA427 Mississippi Eyalet Üniversitesi ormanı ve yaban hayatı Araştırma Merkezi katkıdır.

Ethics Statement: The Mississippi State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved all capture, handling, and marking techniques under protocols 04-068, 07-036, 10-033 and 13-034.
1. Establish Capture Sites, Immobilize and Transport wild White-tailed Deer
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	<li>Identify public and private properties that are enrolled in the Deer Management Assistance Program22 and establish &#8805;29 capture sites throughout three source regions in Mississippi, USA.</stron...

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Bizim iletişim kuralıyla ilişkili birkaç adım vardır; Ancak, bu iletişim kuralı ile başarı sağlamak için alınması gereken dört önemli adımlar vardır. İlk olarak, vahşi geyik yakalama sırasında bir tek kaynak bölgesi (Adım 1.1.1) boyunca çeşitli yakalama yerleri olmalı. Birden çok yakalama yeri kaynak bölge ile ilişkili herhangi bir genetik değişkenliği geyik arasında temsil edilecek sağlar. İkinci olarak, geyik kaynak bölgeye göre üreme sezonunda (Adım 1.4.9 ve 5.2.1) ayrı tutulma...

Çevresel faktörler bir anne gebelik ve emzirme sırasında deneyimler onun çocuğun fenotip, genotip1,2,3bağımsız etkileyebilir. Düşük kaliteli çevre yaşayan annelerin bir verimlilik fenotip (küçük boynuz ve vücut boyutu4) sergi yavrular üretmek, ancak yüksek kaliteli ortamlar büyük olasılıkla yaşayan annelerin bir lüks fenotip (büyük boynuz ve vücut boyutu4), sergi yavrular üretmek. Bu nedenle, bir yüksek kaliteli ortamda Oturumlarýnda kalýcý olan bir anne ile doğrudan çocuğun üreme fırsatları5,6,7,8 etkiler ve dolaylı olarak annenin dahil fitness etkisi büyük fenotipik özellikleri erkek yavrular üretmek için izin verebilir.
Her ne kadar beslenme doğrudan fenotipik özellikleri özellikleri arasında (Ursus americanus, Ursus arctos9; etkiler. Liasis fuscusI 10; Larus michahellis 11), çeşitli faktörler Ak kuyruklu geyik fenotipleri Mississippi, ABD etkileyebilir. Boynuz ve vücut boyutu vardır yaklaşık üçte biri için bazı nüfusu büyük12diğerlerine göre. Bu varyasyon şiddetle yem kalitesi13,14ile ilişkilidir; en büyük erkek alanlarda yem büyük kalitesi ile bulunur. Ancak, Ak kuyruklu geyik Mississippi tarihi restorasyon çalışmalarını genetik performans sorunlarını ve/veya aynı zamanda kısmen bazı Ak kuyruklu geyik fenotip gözlenen bölgesel varyasyon açıklayabilir kurucusu etkileri15,16, yol açmış olabilir.
Biz vahşi yakalanan Ak kuyruklu bize erkek fenotip nüfus düzeyi genetik tarafından sınırlı olup olmadığını değerlendirmek izin geyik, besin kalitesini kontrol etmek için kullanılan iletişim kuralı sağlar. Bu iletişim kuralı da bize anne etkileri geri kalmış olup olmadığını değerlendirmek izin vardı bizim nüfus. Ortam değişkenleri bir proxy olarak beslenme kısıtlama3,17için kullanmak için sınırlı ücretsiz değişen nüfus üzerinde yapılan çalışmalar için tercihli kontrollü bizim tasarımıdır. Potansiyel kronik stres gibi tüm bireylerin benzer konut ve Hayvancılık uygulamaları için tabi olan sabit tutulması için ilgili sosyal etkileşimleri gibi kontrollü tasarım diğer değişkenler için de sağlar. Beslenme diğer hayat Tarih özelliklerini doğrudan etkilediği için Ayrıca, üreme hayatta kalma18için,arasında değişen beslenme kontrol19, müfettişler memeli yaşam öyküsü yönlerini etkileyen diğer değişkenler değerlendirmek sağlar. Benzer iletişim kurallarını (örneğin, 20,21) Kuzey Amerika genelinde diğer ungulates yaşam öyküsü yönleri ile ilgili sorular değerlendirmek için tarif edilmistir.

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			<td height="20" style="width:416px;height:20px;">Shelled Corn</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Elevated Stand</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Safety Harness</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ground Blind</td>
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		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
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</table>

protocol for assessing the relative effects of environment and genetics on antler and body growth for a long-lived cervid

Cervid fenotip aşağıdaki iki kategoriden birine yerleştirilebilir: verimlilik, savurgan xarakteristikaları büyüme ve silah ve vücut büyüklüğü büyüme teşvik lüks içinde hayatta kalma teşvik. Nüfus aynı türden her fenotip çevre koşullarına bağlı olarak görüntüler. Erkek Ak kuyruklu geyik (Odocoileus virginianus) boynuz ve vücut boyutunu Mississippi, ABD physiographic bölgeye göre değişir ve güçlü besin kalitesi bölgesel varyasyon ile ilişkili olsa da, nüfus düzeyi genetik yerli hisse senetleri ve önceki çabaları yeniden çorap etkileri göz ardı edemem. Bu protokolü nasıl dizayn ettik nerede fenotip, örneğin, yaş ve beslenme, etkileyen diğer faktörler kontrol edilir kontrollü bir çalışma açıklar. Hamile kadın vahşi yakalanan ve altı aylık fawns Mississippi, Mississippi State Üniversitesi Rusty Dawkins Memorial geyik birimi ABD'ye üç ayrı physiographic bölgelerden getirdik. Geyik aynı bölgeden çoluk çocuk kuşak yanıt ve anne etkileri değerlendirmek bize izin verdiği için ikinci nesil üretmek için bred. Tüm geyik aynı yüksek kaliteli (% 20 ham protein geyik pelet) diyet ad libitumyedim. Biz benzersiz olarak her kardiyolojik işaretlenmiş ve vücut kitle, arka ayak ve tüm vücut uzunluğu kaydedildi. Sonraki her sonbaharda, bireylerin uzaktan enjeksiyon yolu ile sedatize ve aynı morphometrics artı boynuzları yetişkinlerin örnek. Bulduğumuz tüm morphometrics ilk büyüklükleri boynuz boyutu (bölgesel varyasyon artık mevcut) tam tazminat ve vücut kitle (bazı kanıtlar bölgesel varyasyon) ikinci nesilde belirgin kısmi tazminat ile ikinci nesil arttı. Yabani hasat karşılıkları için karşılaştırıldığında vücut kitle % 25 artış ve boynuz boyutu % 40 artış hakkında görüntülenen en fakir kalite toprak bölgemizde kökenli ikinci nesil erkek. Sonuçlarımız vahşi erkek Ak kuyruklu geyik Mississippi fenotipik varyasyonun daha ilgili beslenme kalite farklılıkları için nüfus düzeyi genetik öneririm.

Erkek Ak kuyruklu geyik fenotip bireysel yaş, beslenme kalitesi ve genetik etkiler. Beslenme geyik kalitesini kontrol etmek için bize izin bizim çalışma tasarım tüketen vardı ve bize her geyik yaş yıl sınıfları içinde geçerli karşılaştırmalar için tanımlamak izin verdi. Beslenme ve yaş bizim çalışma tasarımı ile kontrol ederek, biz daha iyi nüfus düzeyi genetik fenotip erkeklerin iki çalışma gruplarından kısıtlayan olup olmadığını anlamak başardık....

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid at JoVE.com

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid

Boynuz ve uzun ömürlü bir Cervid için vücut büyüme ortamı ve genetik etkileri göreli değerlendirmek için iletişim kuralı

Fenotipik farklılıklar cervid popülasyonlar arasında nüfus düzeyi genetik veya beslenme ile ilgili; içinde belgili tanımlık vahşi zor olduğu yüksek beklentileri karşılayan. Bu protokolü nasıl bu şekilde biz nereye beslenme varyasyon elendi kontrollü bir çalışma açıklar. Erkek Ak kuyruklu geyik, fenotipik varyasyonun daha genetik beslenme tarafından sınırlı bulduk.

Cervid phenotype can be placed into one of two categories: efficiency, which promotes survival over extravagant morphometric growth, and luxury, which ...

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