Name: in vivo detection and analysis of rb protein sumoylation in human cells
Uploaded: 2017-11-02T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vivo Detection and Analysis of Rb Protein SUMOylation in Human Cells at JoVE.com

Denne undersøgelse blev støttet af tilskud fra videnskab og teknologi Kommissionen i Shanghai (Grant nr. 14411961800) og National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nr. 81300805).

1. påvisning af endogene Rb SUMOylation på den tidlige G1-fase <ol><li>celle kultur og cellecyklus synkronisering.
	<ol><li>Vedligehold HEK293 celler i vækstmediet indeholdende Dulbecco &#39; s ændret Eagle Medium (DMEM) suppleret med 1% Pen-Strep og 10% føtal bovint serum (FBS) ved 37 ° C og 5% CO 2 i en inkubator.</li>
		<li>Synkroniserer HEK293 cellerne i G0 fase.
		<ol><li>Grev HEK293 celler ved hjælp af en hemocytometer og frø ~1.5 x 10 7 celler i en 15 cm parabol me...

<ol>
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A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+retinoblastoma+protein+and+cell+cycle+control.">The retinoblastoma protein and cell cycle control.</a> Cell. 81 (3), 323-330 (1995).</li><li>Giacinti, C., Giordano, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RB+and+cell+cycle+progression.">RB and cell cycle progression.</a> Oncogene. 25 (38), 5220-5227 (2006).</li><li>Burkhart, D. L., Sage, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cellular+mechanisms+of+tumour+suppression+by+the+retinoblastoma+gene.">Cellular mechanisms of tumour suppression by the retinoblastoma gene.</a> Nat Rev Cancer. 8 (9), 671-682 (2008).</li><li>Ferreira, R., Naguibneva, I., Pritchard, L. L., Ait-Si-Ali, S., Harel-Bellan, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Rb/chromatin+connection+and+epigenetic+control:+opinion.">The Rb/chromatin connection and epigenetic control: opinion.</a> Oncogene. 20 (24), 3128-3133 (2001).</li><li>Hilgendorf, K. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+retinoblastoma+protein+induces+apoptosis+directly+at+the+mitochondria.">The retinoblastoma protein induces apoptosis directly at the mitochondria.</a> Genes Dev. 27 (9), 1003-1015 (2013).</li><li>Munro, S., Carr, S. M., La Thangue, N. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diversity+within+the+pRb+pathway:+is+there+a+code+of+conduct.">Diversity within the pRb pathway: is there a code of conduct.</a> Oncogene. 31 (40), 4343-4352 (2012).</li><li>Macdonald, J. I., Dick, F. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Posttranslational+modifications+of+the+retinoblastoma+tumor+suppressor+protein+as+determinants+of+function.">Posttranslational modifications of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein as determinants of function.</a> Genes Cancer. 3 (11-12), 619-633 (2012).</li><li>Ezhevsky, S. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypo-phosphorylation+of+the+retinoblastoma+protein+(pRb)+by+cyclin+D:Cdk4/6+complexes+results+in+active+pRb.">Hypo-phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) by cyclin D:Cdk4/6 complexes results in active pRb.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 94 (20), 10699-10704 (1997).</li><li>Ledl, A., Schmidt, D., Muller, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Viral+oncoproteins+E1A+and+E7+and+cellular+LxCxE+proteins+repress+SUMO+modification+of+the+retinoblastoma+tumor+suppressor.">Viral oncoproteins E1A and E7 and cellular LxCxE proteins repress SUMO modification of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor.</a> Oncogene. 24 (23), 3810-3818 (2005).</li><li>Li, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+SUMO-2/3+induced+senescence+through+p53-+and+pRB-mediated+pathways.">Expression of SUMO-2/3 induced senescence through p53- and pRB-mediated pathways.</a> J Biol Chem. 281 (47), 36221-36227 (2006).</li><li>Meng, F., Qian, J., Yue, H., Li, X., Xue, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SUMOylation+of+Rb+enhances+its+binding+with+CDK2+and+phosphorylation+at+early+G1+phase.">SUMOylation of Rb enhances its binding with CDK2 and phosphorylation at early G1 phase.</a> Cell Cycle. 15 (13), 1724-1732 (2016).</li><li>Geiss-Friedlander, R., Melchior, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Concepts+in+sumoylation:+a+decade+on.">Concepts in sumoylation: a decade on.</a> Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 8 (12), 947-956 (2007).</li><li>Flotho, A., Melchior, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sumoylation:+a+regulatory+protein+modification+in+health+and+disease.">Sumoylation: a regulatory protein modification in health and disease.</a> Annu Rev Biochem. 82, 357-385 (2013).</li><li>Eifler, K., Vertegaal, A. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SUMOylation-Mediated+Regulation+of+Cell+Cycle+Progression+and+Cancer.">SUMOylation-Mediated Regulation of Cell Cycle Progression and Cancer.</a> Trends Biochem Sci. 40 (12), 779-793 (2015).</li><li>Wilkinson, K. A., Henley, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms,+regulation+and+consequences+of+protein+SUMOylation.">Mechanisms, regulation and consequences of protein SUMOylation.</a> Biochem J. 428 (2), 133-145 (2010).</li><li>Gill, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SUMO+and+ubiquitin+in+the+nucleus:+different+functions,+similar+mechanisms.">SUMO and ubiquitin in the nucleus: different functions, similar mechanisms.</a> Genes Dev. 18 (17), 2046-2059 (2004).</li><li>Sharma, P., Kuehn, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SENP1-modulated+sumoylation+regulates+retinoblastoma+protein+(RB)+and+Lamin+A/C+interaction+and+stabilization.">SENP1-modulated sumoylation regulates retinoblastoma protein (RB) and Lamin A/C interaction and stabilization.</a> Oncogene. 35 (50), 6429-6438 (2016).</li><li>Jakobs, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ubc9+fusion-directed+SUMOylation+(UFDS):+a+method+to+analyze+function+of+protein+SUMOylation.">Ubc9 fusion-directed SUMOylation (UFDS): a method to analyze function of protein SUMOylation.</a> Nat Methods. 4 (3), 245-250 (2007).</li><li>Gareau, J. R., Lima, C. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+SUMO+pathway:+emerging+mechanisms+that+shape+specificity,+conjugation+and+recognition.">The SUMO pathway: emerging mechanisms that shape specificity, conjugation and recognition.</a> Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 11 (12), 861-871 (2010).</li><li>Bernier-Villamor, V., Sampson, D. A., Matunis, M. J., Lima, C. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+basis+for+E2-mediated+SUMO+conjugation+revealed+by+a+complex+between+ubiquitin-conjugating+enzyme+Ubc9+and+RanGAP1.">Structural basis for E2-mediated SUMO conjugation revealed by a complex between ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 and RanGAP1.</a> Cell. 108 (3), 345-356 (2002).</li><li>Saitoh, H., Hinchey, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+heterogeneity+of+small+ubiquitin-related+protein+modifiers+SUMO-1+versus+SUMO-2/3.">Functional heterogeneity of small ubiquitin-related protein modifiers SUMO-1 versus SUMO-2/3.</a> J Biol Chem. 275 (9), 6252-6258 (2000).</li><li>Ayaydin, F., Dasso, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distinct+in+vivo+dynamics+of+vertebrate+SUMO+paralogues.">Distinct in vivo dynamics of vertebrate SUMO paralogues.</a> Mol Biol Cell. 15 (12), 5208-5218 (2004).</li></ol>

Dette papir beskriver en protokol for at registrere og analysere den endogene SUMOylation Rb i humane celler. Denne metode er specifikt fokuserede på den endogene Rb protein uden nogen vekslen af globale SUMO-relaterede signal, er det et vigtigt redskab for at undersøge Rb-SUMO ændring under helt naturlige fysiologiske omstændigheder.
For at nå dette mål, er det vigtigt at huske at: 1) selv om SUMO omfatter fire isoformer (SUMO1-4, hver kodet af forskellige gener) i forhold til ubiquitin...

Præcis kontrol af cellecyklus progression i eukaryote celler er baseret på en stram regulerende netværk, som sikrer, at særlige begivenheder finder sted i en ordnet måde1,2. En af de centrale aktører i dette netværk er Retinoblastom (Rb) protein, det første klonede tumor suppressor1,3. Rb protein menes at være en negativ regulator af cellecyklus progression, især for G0/G1 S fase overgang, og tumor vækst4,5. Svigt af Rb funktion enten direkte fører til den mest almindelige intraokulært malignitet i børn, Retinoblastom, eller bidrager til udviklingen af mange andre typer af kræft5. Derudover er Rb involveret i mange cellulære veje herunder Celledifferentiering, kromatin remodellering og mitokondrier-medieret apoptose3,6,7.
Posttranslationelle ændringer spiller en central rolle i reguleringen af RB funktion8,9. Fosforylering er en sådan ændring, og det fører som regel til Rb inaktivering. I inaktiv G0 celler er Rb aktive med en lav fosforylering niveau. Som celler fremskridt gennem G0/G1 fase, er Rb sekventielt hyper-fosforyleret af en række cyclin-afhængig protein kinaser (CDKs) og cyclins, såsom cyclin E/CDK2 og cyclin D/CDK4/6, som inaktiverer Rb og fjerne dens evne til at undertrykke celle-cyklus relaterede gen expression4,10. RB kan også ændres ved små ubiquitin-relaterede modifier (SUMO)11,12,13.
SUMO er en ubiquitin-lignende protein, som er kovalent tilknyttet en række mål proteiner. Det er afgørende for forskellige cellulære processer, herunder celle cyklus regulering, transskription, protein cellulære lokalisering og nedbrydning, transport og DNA reparation14,15,16, 17 , 18. den SUMO konjugation pathway består af dimerisk SUMO E1 aktiverende enzymet SAE1/UBA2, enkelt E2 conjugating enzymet Ubc9, flere E3 ligases og SUMO-specifikke proteaser. Generelt, spirende SUMO proteiner skal behandles proteolytically for at generere den modne form. Den modne SUMO er aktiveret af E1 heterodimer og derefter overført til E2 enzym Ubc9. Endelig, den C-terminale glycin af SUMO er kovalent konjugeret til target lysin af et substrat, og denne proces er normalt lettet ved E3 ligases. SUMO protein kan fjernes fra den modificerede substrat af specifikke proteaser. En tidligere undersøgelse af forfatterne af dette papir afslørede, at SUMOylation af Rb øger sin binding til CDK2, fører til hyper-fosforylering på den tidlige G1-fase, en proces, der er nødvendige for celle cyklus progression13. Vi viste også, at tabet af Rb SUMOylation forårsager en nedsat celledelingen. Derudover blev det for nylig påvist, at SUMOylation Rb beskytter Rb protein fra proteasomal omsætning, hvilket øger niveauet af Rb protein i cellerne19. Derfor spiller SUMOylation en vigtig rolle i Rb funktion i forskellige cellulære processer. Til yderligere undersøgelse af funktionelle konsekvens og fysiologiske relevansen af Rb SUMOylation, det er vigtigt at udvikle en effektiv metode til at analysere SUMO status af Rb i humane celler eller væv, patient.
SUMOylation er en reversibel, yderst dynamisk proces. Det er således normalt svært at opdage de SUMO-modificerede proteiner helt endogene betingelser. Dette paper præsenterer en metode til påvisning af endogene Rb SUMOylation. Det viser endvidere, hvordan man kan opdage eksogene Rb SUMOylation af både vildtype Rb og dens SUMO-mangelfuld mutation11. Især beskrives Jacobs et al. en metode til at øge SUMO modifikation af et givet substrat specifikt af Ubc9 fusion-rettet SUMOylation (USB-Flashdrev)20. Baseret på denne metode, beskriver denne protokol hvordan man kan analysere den tvungne SUMOylation Rb og dets funktionelle konsekvenser. Hundredvis af SUMO substrater er blevet beskrevet tidligere og flere formodede SUMO substrater er blevet identificeret fra mange proteom-baserede assays, kan denne protokol anvendes til at analysere SUMO-ændring af disse proteiner i humane celler.

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			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td class="xl70" style="width:89pt" width="119">11995065</td>
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			<td class="xl68" height="21" style="height:15.75pt">Opti-MEM&#160;</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td class="xl70" style="width:89pt" width="119">31985070</td>
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			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:275pt;height:15.75pt" width="366">Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td class="xl70" style="width:89pt" width="119">26140079</td>
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			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:275pt;height:15.75pt" width="366">Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td class="xl70" style="width:89pt" width="119">15140122</td>
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			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td class="xl70" style="width:89pt" width="119">10010023</td>
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			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:275pt;height:15.75pt" width="366">Trypsin-EDTA</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td class="xl70" style="width:89pt" width="119">25200056</td>
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			<td class="xl70" style="width:89pt" width="119">694</td>
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			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:275pt;height:15.75pt" width="366">RNase A&#160;</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td class="xl70" style="width:89pt" width="119">EN0531</td>
			<td class="xl68"></td>
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		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:275pt;height:15.75pt" width="366">N-Ethylmaleimide</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">Sigma</td>
			<td class="xl70" style="width:89pt" width="119">E3876&#160;</td>
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			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:275pt;height:15.75pt" width="366">Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS)</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">AMRESCO</td>
			<td class="xl70" style="width:89pt" width="119">M107</td>
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			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:275pt;height:15.75pt" width="366">Nonidet P-40 Substitute (NP-40)</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">AMRESCO</td>
			<td class="xl70" style="width:89pt" width="119">M158</td>
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			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:275pt;height:15.75pt" width="366">protease inhibitor</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">Roche</td>
			<td class="xl71" style="width:89pt" width="119">5892970001</td>
			<td class="xl68"></td>
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			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:275pt;height:15.75pt" width="366">Mouse Immunoglobulin G (IgG)</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td class="xl71" style="width:89pt" width="119">sc-2025</td>
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			<td class="xl68" height="21" style="height:15.75pt">Rb antibody</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">Cell Signaling Technology</td>
			<td class="xl71" style="width:89pt" width="119">#9309</td>
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			<td class="xl68" height="21" style="height:15.75pt">Protein A/G-Sepharose Beads</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td class="xl71" style="width:89pt" width="119">sc-2003</td>
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			<td class="xl68" height="21" style="height:15.75pt">Lipofectamine-2000&#160;</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td class="xl71" style="width:89pt" width="119">11668019</td>
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			<td class="xl65" height="23" style="width:275pt;height:17.25pt" width="366">Nickel Nitrilotriacetic Acid (Ni-NTA) Agarose Beads</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">Qiagen</td>
			<td class="xl71" style="width:89pt" width="119">30230</td>
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			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:275pt;height:15.75pt" width="366">Imidazole</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">Sigma</td>
			<td class="xl71" style="width:89pt" width="119">I0250</td>
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			<td class="xl68" height="21" style="height:15.75pt">4%-20% Gradient SDS-PAGE Gel</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">BIO-RAD</td>
			<td class="xl71" style="width:89pt" width="119">4561096</td>
			<td class="xl68"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="21" style="height:15.75pt">Polyvinylidene Difluoride (PVDF) Membrane</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">Millipore</td>
			<td class="xl71" style="width:89pt" width="119">IPVH00010</td>
			<td class="xl68"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:275pt;height:15.75pt" width="366">Tween-20</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">AMRESCO</td>
			<td class="xl71" style="width:89pt" width="119">M147</td>
			<td class="xl68"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:275pt;height:15.75pt" width="366">Tubulin antibody</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">Abmart</td>
			<td class="xl71" style="width:89pt" width="119">M30109</td>
			<td class="xl68"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:275pt;height:15.75pt" width="366">SUMO1 antibody</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td class="xl71" style="width:89pt" width="119">33-2044</td>
			<td class="xl68"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:275pt;height:15.75pt" width="366">GFP antibody</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">Abmart</td>
			<td class="xl71" style="width:89pt" width="119">M20004</td>
			<td class="xl68"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23" style="height:17.25pt">
			<td class="xl65" height="23" style="width:275pt;height:17.25pt" width="366">Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) secondary antibody</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories</td>
			<td class="xl71" style="width:89pt" width="119">715-035-150</td>
			<td class="xl68"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:275pt;height:15.75pt" width="366">enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) Kit</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:206pt" width="275">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td class="xl71" style="width:89pt" width="119">32106</td>
			<td class="xl68"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

in vivo detection and analysis of rb protein sumoylation in human cells

De posttranslationelle modifikationer af proteiner er afgørende for en ordentlig regulering af intracellulære signaltransduktion. Blandt disse ændringer er små ubiquitin-relaterede modifier (SUMO) en ubiquitin-lignende protein, som er kovalent tilknyttet lysin rester af en række mål proteiner til at regulere cellulære processer, som genet transskription, DNA reparation, protein interaktion og nedbrydning, subcellulært transport og signaltransduktion. Den mest almindelige metode til påvisning af protein SUMOylation er baseret på den proteinekspression og -oprensning af rekombinante tagged proteiner i bakterier, giver mulighed for en in vitro- biokemisk reaktion som er enkel og egnet til adressering mekanistiske spørgsmål. Men på grund af kompleksiteten af processen med SUMOylation i vivo, det er mere udfordrende at registrere og analysere protein SUMOylation i celler, især når under endogene betingelser. En nylig undersøgelse af forfatterne af dette dokument fremgik at endogene Retinoblastom (Rb) protein, en tumor suppressor, der er afgørende for den negative regulering af cellecyklus progression, specielt SUMOylated på den tidlige G1-fase. Dette papir beskriver en protokol til registrering og analyse af Rb SUMOylation på både endogene og eksogene betingelser i humane celler. Denne protokol er passende for de phenotypical og funktionelle undersøgelse af SUMO-ændring af Rb, samt mange andre SUMO-målrettet proteiner, i humane celler.

For at registrere endogene Rb SUMOylation under cellecyklus progression, synkroniseres denne undersøgelse først HEK293 celler i fem forskellige faser i cellecyklus (G0, tidlig G1, G1, S og G2/M), som beskrevet i afsnittet protokol dette papir. Kvaliteten af synkronisering blev bekræftet ved hjælp af nukleinsyre pletten med propidium Iodid efterfulgt af flow flowcytometri analyse (figur 1). Næste, cellerne blev indsamlet og mængden af denatureringen RIPA...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vivo Detection and Analysis of Rb Protein SUMOylation in Human Cells at JoVE.com

In Vivo Detection and Analysis of Rb Protein SUMOylation in Human Cells

Lille ubiquitin-relaterede modifier (SUMO) familie proteiner er konjugeret med lysin rester af target proteiner til at regulere forskellige cellulære processer. Dette papir beskriver en protokol til påvisning af Retinoblastom (Rb) protein SUMOylation på endogene og eksogene betingelser i humane celler.

In Vivo Detektion og analyse af Rb Protein SUMOylation i humane celler

The post-translational modifications of proteins are critical for the proper regulation of intracellular signal transduction. Among these modifications, ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

In Vivo Detection and Analysis of Rb Protein SUMOylation in Human Cells

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Post-translational Modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation, regulate the cellular ...

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