Name: operation of a 25 kwth calcium looping pilot-plant with high oxygen concentrations in the calciner
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导致这些结果的研究得到了欧共体的煤炭和钢铁研究基金 (rfc) 根据赠款协议编号 RFCR-CT-2014-00007 的资助。这项工作由英国碳捕获和存储研究中心 (UKCCSRC) 资助, 作为呼叫2项目的一部分。UKCCSRC 得到了工程和物理科学研究理事会 (EPSRC) 的支持, 作为研究理事会英国能源方案的一部分, 由商业、能源和工业战略部 (BEIS-原 DECC) 提供额外资金。作者还要感谢 Mr. 马丁 Roskilly 在整个工作过程中的巨大帮助。

1. 材料准备 <ol> <li> 将石灰石 (50 公斤的原料) 筛入所需的粒度分布 (300-400 和 #181; m 或其他分布取决于实验) 使用机械振动筛。在试验过程中, 将被筛的材料放在分解炉旁边的花盆中. </li>
	<li> 准备将材料分批放入反应器。批次一般为0.5 升或1升 (石灰石1升约为1.5 公斤), 但这可能因操作参数而异. </li>
</ol> 2。启动过程 警告: 这里达到极高的温度。需要适当的...

<ol>
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根据焙烧反应的吸热性质, 以及固体在不同温度下在两个反应堆之间循环的事实, 在100% 卷氧气入口的煅烧炉的运行是可以实现的。此操作模式旨在通过降低资本和运营成本, 使 CaL 流程更具经济前景。由于烟气的回收利用 (主要是 CO2、水蒸气和未 O2) 被减少或甚至消除, 因此对此流进行预热所消耗的热量较低。因此, 需要较少的氧气和更小的空分所需要。由于这种配置中的气体流量?...

CO2排放和由此产生的全球变暖是在过去几年中吸引了大量研究的重要环境问题。碳捕获和存储 (CCS) 已被公认为将 CO2的排放量减少到大气的潜在技术12。CCS 链中最具挑战性的部分是捕获 CO2, 这也是最昂贵的阶段3。因此, 人们一直把重点放在开发新技术, 以便从发电厂和其他工业设施中获取 CO2捕获。
CaL 作为后 CO2捕获技术, 是由清水et al.首次提出的4 CO2是由 cao 吸附剂在600-700 ° c 的反应器中捕获的, 称为 carbonator, 并根据 Eq 在850-950 ° c (在分解炉中) 的后续煅烧释放. (1), 生成高纯度 CO2流适用于隔离5,6。CaL 循环用流化床, 这是这一过程的最佳配置, 因为它们允许大量的固体从一个反应堆容易地循环到另一个4,5,6,7,8。
曹 (s) + CO2 (g) ⇔中亚3 (s) h25 ° =-178.2 焦/摩尔(1)
这一概念已在试点规模被证明在不同的组, 并与各种配置和规模, 如0.2 兆瓦th试点在斯图加特, 1 兆瓦的th在达姆施塔特的试点, 1.7 兆瓦th在 La Pereda 的试点和 1.9 MWth单位在台湾的9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16。虽然这一过程已被证明, 仍有可能提高其热效率, 如通过修改标准的操作条件和改变反应堆的结构设计。
在煅烧炉中, 研究了燃烧室与煅烧炉之间的热管, 而不是用氧燃烧燃料。co2捕获性能的结果与传统的 CaL 试验装置相比具有可比性, 但是, 该过程具有较高的工厂效率和较低的 co2规避成本17。马丁内斯et al.18研究了热集成的可能性, 以预热进入分解炉的固体材料, 并降低分解炉所需的热量。结果表明, 与标准情况相比, 煤耗减少了9%。其他研究热集成的可能性也考虑了内部和外部集成选项19。
从经济角度来看, 卡尔周期的主要问题之一是通过燃料燃烧来提供分解炉所需的能量20。为了减少甚至避免对分解炉的 CO2回收的需要, 提出了增加分解炉进水口内的氧浓度。这种替代办法降低了资本成本 (分解炉和空分装置的规模), 这可以大大提高这一过程的竞争力。利用吸热焙烧反应和大型 CaO/中亚3流从 carbonator 运行在较低温度下循环, 可以获得燃烧条件的剧烈变化 (这两个优点都不具备氧燃烧技术)。
这项工作的目的是制定一个标准的操作程序, 运行的 CaL 试点工厂与循环流化床 (CFB) carbonator 和鼓泡流化床 (BFB) 分解炉 100% O2浓度在分解炉的入口。在试验装置的调试过程中进行了几项试验活动, 以确保随着氧气浓度的增加, 正常运行。此外, 研究了三石灰石粒度分布 (100-200 µm; 200-300 µm; 300-400 µm), 探讨了该参数对粒子淘洗的影响以及在这种操作模式下的捕获效率。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Longcal limestone</td>
			<td>Loncliffe</td>
			<td>Longcal SP52</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mechanical Shacker</td>
			<td>SWECO</td>
			<td>LS24S544+C</td>
			<td>Mechanical siever to separate particles</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oxygen</td>
			<td>BOC</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>BOC cylinders</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nitrogen</td>
			<td>BOC</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>BOC tank</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carbon dioxide</td>
			<td>BOC</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>BOC tank</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Natural gas</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>Taken from the line</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

operation of a 25 kwth calcium looping pilot-plant with high oxygen concentrations in the calciner

钙循环 (CaL) 是一种后 CO2捕获技术, 适用于现有的发电厂的改造。CaL 过程使用石灰石作为一种便宜且易于使用的 CO2吸附剂。虽然这项技术得到了广泛的研究, 但还是有一些可供选择的办法, 使其更具经济可行性。其中之一是增加分解炉中的氧气浓度, 以减少或消除回收气体的数量 (CO2、H2O 和杂质);因此, 减少或除去加热循环气流所需的能量。此外, 由于燃烧强度的变化, 导致能量输入增加;这种能量是用来使吸热焙烧反应发生在没有再生的废气。本文介绍了在煅烧炉中采用100% 氧燃烧天然气的 CaL 试验装置的运行情况和初步结果。进入 carbonator 的气体是来自燃煤电厂或水泥工业的模拟烟气。还测试了几种石灰石粒度分布, 以进一步探讨此参数对该操作模式整体性能的影响。本文详细介绍了反应堆系统的结构、运行程序和结果。该反应器具有良好的流体力学稳定性和稳定的 CO2捕获, 其捕集效率可达 70%, 并可模拟燃煤电厂的烟气。

实验设置如图 3所示。该装置包括两个相互连接的流化床。即 carbonator 为4.3 米高、0.1 米内径 (ID) 的 CFB;而分解炉是一个 BFB, 具有1.2 米的高度和0.165 米的 ID。从一个反应堆到另一个反应器的固体输送由两个循环密封的氮气流化控制。两个反应堆通过预热线送入气体混合物, 两者都是电加热的;此外, 分解炉采用天然气, 以燃烧所需的热量进行吸热煅烧和?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Operation of a 25 KWth Calcium Looping Pilot-plant with High Oxygen Concentrations in the Calciner at JoVE.com

Operation of a 25 KWth Calcium Looping Pilot-plant with High Oxygen Concentrations in the Calciner

在煅烧炉中使用高氧浓度的 25 KWth钙循环试验装置的操作

本手稿描述了一种操作钙循环试验装置的程序, 用于在分解炉中高氧浓度的后碳捕获, 以减少或消除烟气循环。

Calcium looping (CaL) is a post-combustion CO2 capture technology that is suitable for retrofitting existing power plants. The CaL process uses limestone ...

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Operation of a 25 KWth Calcium Looping Pilot-plant with High Oxygen Concentrations in the Calciner

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The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea

The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea

植物感染试验: 以植物病原菌为载体的喷雾和伤口介导接种

Plants possess a powerful system to defend themselves against potential threats by pathogenic fungi. For agriculturally important plants, however, current ...

High-throughput, Microscale Protocol for the Analysis of Processing Parameters and Nutritional Qualities in Maize (Zea mays L.)

High-throughput, Microscale Protocol for the Analysis of Processing Parameters and Nutritional Qualities in Maize Zea mays L.

玉米加工参数和营养品质分析的高通量、微尺度协议 (玉蜀黍)

Maize is an important grain crop in the United States and worldwide. However, maize grain must be processed prior to human consumption. Furthermore, whole ...

Sampling, Sorting, and Characterizing Microplastics in Aquatic Environments with High Suspended Sediment Loads and Large Floating Debris

高悬浮泥沙荷载和大型漂浮碎屑水生环境中 Microplastics 的取样、分类和表征

The ubiquitous presence of plastic debris in the ocean is widely recognized by the public, scientific communities, and government agencies. However, only ...

Preparation of Biomass-based Mesoporous Carbon with Higher Nitrogen-/Oxygen-chelating Adsorption for Cu(II) Through Microwave Pre-Pyrolysis

Preparation of Biomass-based Mesoporous Carbon with Higher Nitrogen-/Oxygen-chelating Adsorption for CuII Through Microwave Pre-Pyrolysis

微波热解法制备了更高氮素/氧螯合吸附的生物物质基介孔碳对 cu (ii) 的研究

An environment-friendly technique for synthesizing biomass-based mesoporous activated carbon with high nitrogen-/oxygen-chelating adsorption for Cu(II) is ...

Composition and Distribution Analysis of Bioaerosols Under Different Environmental Conditions

不同环境条件下生物气溶胶的组成及分布分析

Variable microorganisms in particulate matter (PM) under different environmental conditions may have significant impacts on human health. In this study, ...