Name: intratracheal inoculation of fischer 344 rats with francisella tularensis
Uploaded: 2017-09-30T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Intratracheal Inoculation of Fischer 344 Rats with Francisella tularensis at JoVE.com

这项研究得到了防御威胁减少代办处 (DTRA) 根据合同 HDTRA1-14-C-0116 和卓越的中心在传染基因组学 (DOD #W911NF-11-1-0136)。

这项工作是严格按照国家卫生研究院的实验室动物护理和使用指南中的建议进行的。涉及啮齿动物的动物协议是由德克萨斯大学在圣安东尼奥机构动物保育和使用委员会 (IACUC) 根据协议 MU009 (RA) 批准的. 
 1. 准备导管、气管指示器和 F. tularensis 接种 <ol> <li> 准备导管 (20 g x 2 英寸) <ol> <li> 将 20 g x 2 针切割, 并将针头的尖端磨成钝而平滑的完成旋转工具. <...

<ol>
	<li>Ellis, J., Oyston, P. C. F., Green, M., Titball, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tularemia.">Tularemia.</a> Clin Microbiol Rev. 15 (4), 631-646 (2002).</li><li>Lyons, C. R., Wu, T. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+Francisella+tularensis+infection.">Animal models of Francisella tularensis infection.</a> Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1105, (2007).</li><li>Hutt, J. A., Lovchik, J. A., Dekonenko, A., Hahn, A. C., Wu, T. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Natural+History+of+Pneumonic+Tularemia+in+Female+Fischer+344+Rats+after+Inhalational+Exposure+to+Aerosolized+Francisella+tularensis+subspecies+tularensis+Strain+Schu+S4.">The Natural History of Pneumonic Tularemia in Female Fischer 344 Rats after Inhalational Exposure to Aerosolized Francisella tularensis subspecies tularensis Strain Schu S4.</a> Am J Pathol. 187 (2), 252-267 (2017).</li><li>Ray, H. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Fischer+344+rat+reflects+human+susceptibility+to+Francisella+pulmonary+challenge+and+provides+a+new+platform+for+virulence+and+protection+studies.">The Fischer 344 rat reflects human susceptibility to Francisella pulmonary challenge and provides a new platform for virulence and protection studies.</a> PloS one. 5, e9952 (2010).</li><li>Jemski, J. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Respiratory+tularemia:+comparison+of+selected+routes+of+vaccination+in+Fischer+344+rats.">Respiratory tularemia: comparison of selected routes of vaccination in Fischer 344 rats.</a> Infect Immun. 34 (3), 766-772 (1981).</li><li>Wu, T. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vaccination+of+Fischer+344+rats+against+pulmonary+infections+by+Francisella+tularensis+type+A+strains.">Vaccination of Fischer 344 rats against pulmonary infections by Francisella tularensis type A strains.</a> Vaccine. 27 (34), 4684-4693 (2009).</li><li>Mara-Koosham, G., Hutt, J. A., Lyons, C. R., Wu, T. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antibodies+contribute+to+effective+vaccination+against+respiratory+infection+by+type+A+Francisella+tularensis+strains.">Antibodies contribute to effective vaccination against respiratory infection by type A Francisella tularensis strains.</a> Infect Immun. 79 (4), 1770-1778 (2011).</li><li>Oyston, P. C., Sjostedt, A., Titball, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tularaemia:+bioterrorism+defence+renews+interest+in+Francisella+tularensis.">Tularaemia: bioterrorism defence renews interest in Francisella tularensis.</a> Nat Rev Microbiol. 2 (12), 967-978 (2004).</li><li>Kingry, L. C., Petersen, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+review+of+Francisella+tularensis+and+Francisella+novicida.">Comparative review of Francisella tularensis and Francisella novicida.</a> Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 4, 35 (2014).</li><li>Rohmer, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+Francisella+tularensis+genomes+reveals+evolutionary+events+associated+with+the+emergence+of+human+pathogenic+strains.">Comparison of Francisella tularensis genomes reveals evolutionary events associated with the emergence of human pathogenic strains.</a> Genome Biol. 8 (6), R102 (2007).</li><li>Chu, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Live+attenuated+Francisella+novicida+vaccine+protects+against+Francisella+tularensis+pulmonary+challenge+in+rats+and+non-human+primates.">Live attenuated Francisella novicida vaccine protects against Francisella tularensis pulmonary challenge in rats and non-human primates.</a> PLoS Pathog. 10 (10), e1004439 (2014).</li><li>Signarovitz, A. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mucosal+Immunization+with+Live+Attenuated+Francisella+novicida+U112&#916;iglB+Protects+against+Pulmonary+F.+tularensis+SCHU+S4+in+the+Fischer+344+Rat+Model.">Mucosal Immunization with Live Attenuated Francisella novicida U112&#916;iglB Protects against Pulmonary F. tularensis SCHU S4 in the Fischer 344 Rat Model.</a> PloS one. 7 (10), e47639 (2012).</li><li>Cunningham, A. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enhancement+of+vaccine+efficacy+by+expression+of+a+TLR5+ligand+in+the+defined+live+attenuated+Francisella+tularensis+subsp.+novicida+strain+U112DiglB::fljB.">Enhancement of vaccine efficacy by expression of a TLR5 ligand in the defined live attenuated Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida strain U112DiglB::fljB.</a> Vaccine. 32 (40), 5234-5240 (2014).</li></ol>

费希尔344大鼠正在成为兔疫苗开发的重要模型3。通过肺部通道暴露于f. tularensis对于演示对F. tularensis的武器化形式的有效性至关重要, 因为这些方法是作为气溶胶提供的。大鼠的气管内接种有助于大鼠肺部暴露于F. tularensis , 而不需要大型、昂贵和复杂的气溶胶发电设备。使用F. tularensis的选择代理形式的所有实验还需要 BSL3 的包容, 这通常发生在严格限?...

F. tularensis (Ft) 导致人类疾病, 兔。当细菌通过肺通路获得, 这导致肺炎兔, 有高发病率和死亡率1。由于与雾化表单相关的危险, F. tularensis被认为是 biothreat 剂, 目前在美国没有批准用于人类使用的疫苗。目前正在加紧努力, 研制抗肺兔的疫苗和治疗措施, 以保护人类不受非法使用这种细菌 biothreat。
由于小鼠对F. tularensis感染的极度敏感, 以及试剂的流行, 兔的研究大多集中在鼠标模型上。然而, 由于在这一模型2中展示疫苗功效的难度, 老鼠已经证明是疫苗开发的一个困难模型。最近, Fischer 344 鼠已被开发成一个模型的兔疫苗开发3。Fischer 344 大鼠的敏感性对各种各样的F. tularensis亚种模仿人的敏感性4, 并且鼠可以被保护免受F. tularensis肺挑战接种与活疫苗应变已知保护人5,6,7。由于费舍尔344大鼠模型的一些特点, f. tularensis感染的人, 它可能是一个非常有用的模型, 开发的疫苗, 以防止肺部的F. tularensis暴露。
一种有效的疫苗需要保护人类免受肺部接触到F. tularensis。最有可能的肺部暴露从武器化的F. tularensis将雾化细菌吸入肺部8。然而, 气溶胶生成的F. tularensis既危险又繁琐, 需要专门的设备和控制。在大鼠肺部暴露的另一条途径, 可能更适合于多实验室缺乏专门设备是通过气管内接种6。该技术利用喉镜正确放置在麻醉大鼠气管内的导管。在气管内的位置, 而不是食道, 通过一个简单的装置来证实肺部的气流。F. tularensis随后通过导管将注射器传递到肺部, 然后在导管中引入空气, 以确保细菌的肺部传递。相比之下, Jemski5以前报告说, 通过鼻腔通道将F. tularensis接种到 Fischer 344 大鼠体内, 直到3天 post-inoculation 才从肺部培养出来, 表明在大鼠鼻腔接种不会导致细菌直接输送到肺部。
选择f. tularensis的代理窗体 (f. tularensis亚种tularensis, f. tularensis 亚种holarctica) 要求安全级别 3 (BSL3) 控制程序, 这将防止录像。但是, F. novicida (Fn) 由于其在健康人中的无毒而免受选择代理状态的限制, 并且可在生物安全级别 2 (BSL2) 条件910下安全地使用。此外, Fn 还可作为减毒活疫苗的基础, 在通过气管接种的情况下, 可预防F. tularensis肺暴露, 其方法是:11,12,13。这里介绍的技术允许研究通过肺路线发生的感染, 利用大鼠作为人类的模型。这种技术可以在不需要专门的气溶胶产生设备的情况下进行。Fn 被用于这里拍摄的技术。

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intratracheal inoculation of fischer 344 rats with francisella tularensis

肺部感染的细菌土 tularensis可能导致严重的和潜在的致命疾病, 兔, 在人类。由于目前没有批准的人类兔疫苗, 研究的重点是利用适当的动物模型开发疫苗。费希尔344大鼠已经成为一个模型, 反映了人类对F. tularensis感染的敏感性, 因此是兔疫苗开发的一个有吸引力的模型。344只大鼠的气管内接种与F. tularensis模拟人肺暴露。成功交付到大鼠气管是至关重要的肺分娩。用带光照的喉镜对麻醉大鼠的气管进行适当插管;正确放置在气管内是由一个简单的装置来检测呼吸。在插管后, F. tularensis培养通过注射器在测量剂量内传递。这项技术规范了大鼠气管内的肺部分娩tularensis , 以评估疫苗的功效。

对大鼠气管内接种的体液反应可以通过酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA) 对紫外线灭活细菌进行测定, 如前所述, 11。在14和天 28 (图 1) 中, 对344大鼠的总免疫球蛋白 G (IgG) 反应进行了 post-intratracheal 接种, 并对 Fn (107 CFU 接种) 的减毒菌株进行了评估。模拟接种的大鼠接受 PBS intratracheally。相对于天真的模拟接种动物, 血清抗体滴?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Intratracheal Inoculation of Fischer 344 Rats with Francisella tularensis at JoVE.com

Intratracheal Inoculation of Fischer 344 Rats with Francisella tularensis

本议定书描述的是344大鼠气管内接种的土 tularensis.这个过程模仿人的肺暴露对这个潜在的 biothreat 代理并且可以用于测试疫苗和治疗疗效对肺兔。

费希尔344大鼠气管内接种土 tularensis

Pulmonary infection with the bacterium Francisella tularensis can lead to the serious and potentially fatal disease, tularemia, in humans. Due to the ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Intratracheal Inoculation of Fischer 344 Rats with Francisella tularensis

Orthotopic Hind-Limb Transplantation in Rats

原位大鼠后肢移植

Composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA) now represents a valid therapeutic option after the loss of a hand, forearm or digits and has become a novel ...

科研

免疫与感染

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非手术治疗的小鼠气管内滴入肺和肺淋巴结流式细胞仪分析

Phagocytic cells such as alveolar macrophages and lung dendritic cells (LDCs) continuously sample antigens from the alveolar spaces in the 
lungs. LDCs, ...

Protocols for Vaginal Inoculation and Sample Collection in the Experimental Mouse Model of Candida vaginitis

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实验小鼠模型阴道接种和样品采集的协议念珠菌阴道炎

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), caused by Candida species, is a fungal infection of the lower female genital tract that affects approximately 75% of ...

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Infectious prion (PrPRes) material is likely the cause of fatal, neurodegenerative transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) diseases1. Transmission ...

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The host immune response to pathogens is a complex biological process. The majority of in vivo studies classically employed to characterize host-pathogen ...

Complete Thymectomy in Adult Rats with Non-invasive Endotracheal Intubation

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Thymectomy in neonatal rodents is an established and reliable procedure for immunological studies. However, in adult rats, complications of hemorrhage and ...

Analysis of Lymphocyte Extravasation Using an In Vitro Model of the Human Blood-brain Barrier

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使用的淋巴细胞外渗分析<em&gt;体外</em&gt;人类血脑屏障模型

Lymphocyte extravasation into the central nervous system (CNS) is critical for immune surveillance. Disease-related alterations of lymphocyte ...

Analysis of Shear Flow-induced Migration of Murine Marginal Zone B Cells In Vitro

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Marginal zone B cells (MZBs) are a population of B cells that reside in the mouse splenic marginal zones that envelop follicles. To reach the follicles, ...

Application of Consistent Massage-Like Perturbations on Mouse Calves and Monitoring the Resulting Intramuscular Pressure Changes

在小鼠小腿上应用一致的按摩样扰动，并监测由此产生的肌肉压力变化

Massage is generally recognized to be beneficial for relieving pain and inflammation. Although previous studies have reported anti-inflammatory effects of ...

Disclosing Hemolymph Collection and Inoculation of Metarhizium Blastospores into Rhipicephalus Microplus Ticks Towards Invertebrate Pathology Studies

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在无脊椎动物病理学研究中发现血淋巴收集和接种转移到大黄微加分中

Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites and Rhipicephalus microplus has great importance in veterinary medicine because it causes anemia, weight ...