Name: minimum burning pressures of water-based emulsion explosives
Uploaded: 2017-10-31T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Minimum Burning Pressures of Water-based Emulsion Explosives at JoVE.com

本出版物所报告的测试协议的开发是由加拿大自然资源 (CanmetCERL、爆炸物研究和 #38;D 科) 和凯采矿服务联合进行的一个项目产生的。凯矿业服务公司允许发布关于这个问题的非专有信息, 这一点得到了充分的承认。还感谢 CanmetCERL 的分析部分参与了在目前工作中编写的各种 AWEs 的物理特性。

注意: 此处使用的材料和设备列在材料表中. 
 1. 点火导线组件的准备 注意: 建议使用带丁腈橡胶的手套. 
<ol> <li> 测量预先确定的镍 (铬) 线长度, 并使用线切割器进行切割。切割85毫米长度为76.2 毫米 (3 和 #34;) 长的测试细胞. </li>
	<li> 使用针鼻钳, 弯曲铬线, 使每一端小循环。用适当的卷曲工具, 拼接每一个50厘米长的14美国线规 (AWG) 实心核心裸铜线使用?...

<ol>
	<li>Bluhm, H. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ammonium+nitrate+emulsion+blasting+agent+and+method+of+preparing+same.">Ammonium nitrate emulsion blasting agent and method of preparing same.</a> US Patent. , (1969).</li><li>Persson, P. -. A., Holmberg, R., Lee, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Rock Blasting and Explosives Engineering. , 86 (1993).</li><li>Perlid, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pump+Safety+Tests+Regarding+Emulsion+Explosives.">Pump Safety Tests Regarding Emulsion Explosives.</a> Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Techniques, International Society of Explosives Engineers. 2, 101-107 (1996).</li><li>Chan, S. K., Kirchnerova, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ignition+and+Combustion+Characteristics+of+Water-gel+Explosives.">Ignition and Combustion Characteristics of Water-gel Explosives.</a> Proceedings of the 18th Explosives Safety Seminar, U.S. DOD. , 193-200 (1978).</li><li>Guidelines for the Pumping of Water-Based Explosives. Natural Resources Canada, Explosives Regulatory Division, Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada, Catalog no. M37-53/2003E Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://miningandblasting.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/canadian-guidelines-for-pumping-of-water-based-explosives.pdf">https://miningandblasting.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/canadian-guidelines-for-pumping-of-water-based-explosives.pdf</a> (2016)</li><li>. Guidelines for the Pumping of Bulk, Water-Based Explosives Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://miningandblasting.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/pumping-of-water-based-explosives-june-2010.pdf">https://miningandblasting.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/pumping-of-water-based-explosives-june-2010.pdf</a> (2010)</li><li>Wang, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Ignition and Combustion Characteristics of Emulsion Explosives under Pressure. , (1991).</li><li>Hirosaki, Y., Suzuki, S., Takahashi, Y., Kato, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Burning+Characteristics+of+Emulsion+Explosives+(I)+–+Pressurized+Vessel+Test.">Burning Characteristics of Emulsion Explosives (I) – Pressurized Vessel Test.</a> Kayaku Gakkaishi. 61, 35-41 (2000).</li><li>Turcotte, R., Lightfoot, P. D., Badeen, C. M., Vachon, M., Jones, D. E. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Pressurized+Vessel+Test+to+Measure+the+Minimum+Burning+Pressure+of+Water-Based+Explosives.">A Pressurized Vessel Test to Measure the Minimum Burning Pressure of Water-Based Explosives.</a> Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech. 30, 118-126 (2005).</li><li>Turcotte, R., Goldthorp, S., Badeen, C., Chan, S. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hot-wire+Ignition+of+AN-based+Emulsions.">Hot-wire Ignition of AN-based Emulsions.</a> Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech. 33, 472-481 (2008).</li><li>Chan, S. K., Turcotte, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Onset+Temperatures+in+Hot-wire+Ignition+of+AN-Based+Emulsions.">Onset Temperatures in Hot-wire Ignition of AN-Based Emulsions.</a> Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech. 34, 41-49 (2009).</li><li>Goldthorp, S., Turcotte, R., Badeen, C. M., Chan, S. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Minimum+Pressure+for+Sustained+Combustion+in+AN-based+Emulsions.">Minimum Pressure for Sustained Combustion in AN-based Emulsions.</a> Proceedings of the 35th International Pyrotechnics Seminar. , 385-394 (2008).</li><li>Turcotte, R., Goldthorp, S., Badeen, C. M., Feng, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+Physical+Characteristics+and+Ingredients+on+the+Minimum+Burning+Pressure+of+Ammonium+Nitrate+Emulsions.">Influence of Physical Characteristics and Ingredients on the Minimum Burning Pressure of Ammonium Nitrate Emulsions.</a> Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech. 35, 233-239 (2010).</li><li>Badeen, C. M., Goldthorp, S., Turcotte, R., Feng, H., Chan, S. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+Formulation+Changes+on+the+Minimum+Burning+Pressure+of+Ammonium+Nitrate+Emulsions.">Effect of Formulation Changes on the Minimum Burning Pressure of Ammonium Nitrate Emulsions.</a> Proceedings of the "10i&#232;me Congr&#232;s International de Pyrotechnie", in conjunction with the 37th International Pyrotechnics Seminar (Europyro 2011) , Session S1a. , (2011).</li><li>Turcotte, R., Goldthorp, S., Badeen, C. M., Johnson, C., Feng, H., Chan, S. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+Physical+Characteristics+and+Ingredients+on+the+Minimum+Burning+Pressure+of+Ammonium+Nitrate+Emulsions.">Influence of Physical Characteristics and Ingredients on the Minimum Burning Pressure of Ammonium Nitrate Emulsions.</a> , 197-206 (2009).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria. , 200-207 (2015).</li><li>The Minimum Burning Test for Ammonium Nitrate Emulsions. SAFEX Newsletter Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.safex-international.org/safex/page-newsletter.html">https://www.safex-international.org/safex/page-newsletter.html</a> (2016)</li></ol>

我们的工作证明, 线性 hot-wire 几何与0.5 毫米直径铬平直的导线和10到16点火电流是充足的点燃 AWEs 与水内容由25质量%。对于高粘度配方 (如包装乳化产品), 水平和垂直配置提供了几乎相同的结果17。然而, 对于低粘度公式 (如散装乳液产品), 垂直构型的重力效应会引起乳化液流动, 扰乱点火过程。在这些情况下, 找到了水平配置以提供有效且可重现的结果17。值得注...

硝酸铵水基乳液 (AWE) 炸药是在1961年发明的。它由一个连续的油相包围的液体氧化剂溶液的微观小滴组成。布鲁在美国 (1969) 1,2中开发了第一个稳定实用的乳化炸药。然而, 这类炸药的成功商业化在二十世纪八十年代初之前并没有真正发生。
随着现代采矿业务规模的扩大和快速散装炸药装载方法的出现, 大量的 AWE 炸药必须制造和运输。一个油轮装载通常运输20吨敬畏和许多这样卡车装载通常是必要的装载一次爆炸。意外启动如此大量的炸药将是特别灾难性的, 因此, 要设计相应的安全装卸系统, 就必须对其危险特性有很好的了解。虽然众所周知, 乳液是相对不敏感的机械事件 (即冲击和摩擦事件), 意外爆炸仍然报告了3 , 同时处理这种类型的炸药, 特别是在抽水应用程序.
自1970的4以来, 人们就已经知道, 在水基炸药中进行自我维持燃烧需要最低的环境压力。后一种值通常被称为 "最小燃烧压力"。从安全角度来看, 对这一门槛的了解可以使制造商更好地估计各种搬运设备的安全操作压力。
加拿大政府自然资源部出版了 "抽取水基炸药的指南" 5, 该准则指出, 在乳液或 watergels 的碱性蛋白的基础下使用泵压是一种很好的安全做法。应该注意的是, 这些指南是在大多数商业制造商的合作下设计的, 而在美国, 炸药制造者协会 (IME) 也发布了非常类似的准则6。然而, 在这些文件中, 没有关于如何测定该蛋白的描述或处方。
在过去的几十年中, 仅有几项与碱性髓鞘测定相关的研究报告。Chan et al.4报告了 watergel 炸药的碱性蛋白的测定结果, 这也是硝酸铵和水性的。他们得出的结论是, 碱性髓鞘能对多种配方因子有很强的依赖性, 如含水量、化学剂或金属粉末的存在。在另一项研究中, Wang 7描述了一个 2.5 L 压力容器加压与 N2 , 并使用升降 up-and-down 方法来确定碱性 AWEs。在这个系统中, 测定了15兆帕的碱性乳液, 其含水量为16质量%。
使用类似的压力容器测试, 弘et al.8报告了一些用于 AWE 炸药的检测结果。他们注意到用于提高炸药敏感度的微球体的性质 (即玻璃或树脂) 也对结果产生了强烈的影响。最近, 特科特et al.9开发了一个类似于王和弘等 al. 的系统, 并试图用它来测量一些 AWEs 的碱性蛋白。然而, 他们发现了许多可能的问题, 可能导致错误的髓鞘测定。特别是, 有人指出, 点火源几何 (镍线线圈) 从来没有得到正确的验证 AWEs。在 2008年, 特科特et al.10和 Chan et al.11, 已经开发了一个基于校准的点火线系统的装置和相关的方法来测量 AWEs 的碱性蛋白。他们还利用该设施研究了典型 AWEs 的点火特性, 测量了能量要求以获得可靠的燃烧12 , 并研究了物理特性和成分对各种不同敬畏炸药13,14。目前, 在联合国危险货物运输 (UN 危险) 测试和 AWEs 的运输分类标准 ( 15中, 提出了一种标准测试技术。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Nitrile gloves (100/pk)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>19149863B</td>
			<td>https://www.fishersci.ca/shop/products/purple-nitrile-exam-gloves-6/19149863b?searchHijack=true&#38;searchTerm=19149863B&#38;searchType=RAPID&#38;matchedCatNo=19149863B</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NiCr60 wire 24 AWG (200 feet per roll)</td>
			<td>Omega Engineering</td>
			<td>NIC60-020-200</td>
			<td>http://www.omega.ca/pptst_eng/NI60.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wire cutters: Mini Diagonal Cutting Pliers, 5 in.</td>
			<td>Canadian Tire</td>
			<td>Product #058-4736-0</td>
			<td>http://www.canadiantire.ca/en/pdp/mastercraft-mini-diagonal-cutting-pliers-0584736p.html#srp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mini needle nose pliers, 5 in.</td>
			<td>Canadian Tire</td>
			<td>Product #058-4731-0</td>
			<td>http://www.canadiantire.ca/en/pdp/mastercraft-mini-needle-nose-pliers-0584731p.html#srp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Crimping tool, 8.5 in.</td>
			<td>Canadian Tire</td>
			<td>Product #058-4617-4</td>
			<td>http://www.canadiantire.ca/en/pdp/mastercraft-8-in-crimping-tool-0584617p.html#srp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bare copper wire (14AWG)</td>
			<td>Electronics Plus</td>
			<td>2000BC-14-5/5 lb roll</td>
			<td>Bare (uninsulated) copper wire</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Non-insulated butt-splice connectors (100 units)</td>
			<td>Electrosonic</td>
			<td>Panduit BS14-C</td>
			<td>http://www.alliedelec.com/panduit-bs14-c/70044299/?mkwid=si03ezhXY&#38;pcrid=64596948257&#38;pkw=panduit%20bs14-c&#38;pmt=b&#38;pdv=c&#38;gclid=CM_1jO-DsdMCFZKIswodMugASw</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless Steel pipe nipples (10 - 20 units)</td>
			<td>Wolseley Inc.</td>
			<td>SSNKX3</td>
			<td>sample cells: 76.2 mm long x 12.7 mm od (3&#34; long x 0.5&#34; od) with 3 mm slit machined along the length of the cell, painted inside and out with two coats of non-conductive paint (e.g., high-heat barbeque Armor Coat or Krylon brands).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High-temperature non-conductive paint</td>
			<td>Canadian Tire</td>
			<td>Product #048-0648-8</td>
			<td>http://www.canadiantire.ca/en/pdp/armor-coat-bbq-paint-0480648p.html#srp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Solid green neoprene stoppers (size 0; 1 package of 68)</td>
			<td>Cole-Palmer</td>
			<td>OF-62991-04</td>
			<td>https://www.coleparmer.ca/i/cole-parmer-solid-green-neoprene-stoppers-standard-size-0-68-pk/6299104?searchterm=OF-62991-04</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spatula, stainless steel</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14-375-10</td>
			<td>https://www.fishersci.ca/shop/products/fisherbrand-spoonula-lab-spoon/1437510?searchHijack=true&#38;searchTerm=1437510&#38;searchType=RAPID&#38;matchedCatNo=1437510</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>7.5 L Pressure Vessel</td>
			<td>Autoclave Engineers</td>
			<td>40A-9104, 9122, 40C-1365, 2376</td>
			<td>minimum internal diameter of 127 mm; equipped with 20.7 MPa (3000 psi) rupture disc assembly; Solenoid&#38; air operated valve on the outlet; http://www.autoclaveengineers.com/products/pressure_vessels/PV_Bolted_Closure/index.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrodes (set of 2)</td>
			<td>Electo-meters</td>
			<td>Conax EG-375-A-SS-T, 25.4 cm (10&#34;) conductor</td>
			<td>with Teflon sealing glands; https://www.conaxtechnologies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/5001D-80-105-Flanges-and-Accessories.pdf</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rupture disc</td>
			<td>Oseco</td>
			<td>39859-3-1</td>
			<td>http://www.oseco.com/imgUL/files/STD_0515.pdf</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Universal safety head (rupture disc assembly)</td>
			<td>Autoclave Engineers</td>
			<td>SS-4600-1/2F</td>
			<td>http://www.autoclave.com/products/accessories/universal_safety_heads/index.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High-pressure valve (air-operated, fail-open)</td>
			<td>Autoclave Engineers</td>
			<td>1/2&#34; SW8XXX-CM</td>
			<td>http://www.autoclave.com/aefc_pdfs/OM_P1_Manual_Air_Valve.pdf?zoom_highlightsub=air+operated+valve#search=&#34;air operated valve&#34;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pressure transducer</td>
			<td>Omega Engineering</td>
			<td>PX176-3KS5V</td>
			<td>Amplified Voltage Output Transducer for Absolute; 0-20.7 Mpa (0-3000 psi) sealed gauge, 91 cm (36&#34;) cable http://www.omega.ca/pptst_eng/PX176.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Digital multimeter</td>
			<td>Amazon.com</td>
			<td>Fluke Model 110 Plus</td>
			<td>https://www.amazon.com/Fluke-110-Plus-essential-multimeter/dp/B01JX912I2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Data acquisition Interface</td>
			<td>IOTECH</td>
			<td>Model Daqlab 2000 with DBK15 acquisition board</td>
			<td>http://www.mccdaq.com/products/daqlab2000s</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Personal Computer with monitor and National Instruments DASYLab Software (V13, basic) installed</td>
			<td>DELL</td>
			<td>CORETMi7 vProTM</td>
			<td>Computer must meet requirements for Dasylab 13: 1GHz + x86 compatible; Windows 7 or 8, 32-bit or 64-bit; 2 GB+ RAM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>oscilloscope</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Any storage oscilloscope with 2 input channels (0-10 V), 12k samples per channel and acquisition frequency of 10 ms/sample.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Precision Shunt Resister</td>
			<td>Canadian Shunt Industries</td>
			<td>LA-20-100</td>
			<td>(20 A, 100 mV) Enclosed in custom box http://www.cshunt.com/pdf/la.pdf</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Constant Current Power Supply</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td>N6700B Low-Profile MPS Mainframe, 400W; N6754A DC Power Supply with High Speed Test Extensions option</td>
			<td>http://www.keysight.com/en/pd-1125217-pn-N6754A/high-performance-autoranging-dc-power-module-60v-20a-300w?cc=CA&#38;lc=eng</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inlet valve</td>
			<td>Ottawa Valves and Fittings</td>
			<td>Swagelok SS-43GS4-PT</td>
			<td>https://www.swagelok.com/en/catalog/Product/Detail?part=SS-43GS4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Full face mask</td>
			<td>Cooper Safety</td>
			<td>3M 7800 series</td>
			<td>http://www.coopersafety.com/product/3m-7800-series-full-face-respirator-1124.aspx</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>General purpose cartridges</td>
			<td>Cooper Safety</td>
			<td>3M 60923</td>
			<td>http://www.coopersafety.com/product/3m-60923-organic-vapor-acid-gas-p100-cartridge-1533.aspx?sid=101950</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

minimum burning pressures of water-based emulsion explosives

本手稿描述了一种测量水基乳化炸药持续燃烧所需的最低压力的协议。抽水水基乳化炸药的爆破应用可能是非常危险的, 在过去的几十年中, 在全球范围内的一些泵事故表明, 包括一些导致死亡。在加拿大, 对这一危险的认识已导致制定了由炸药工业和加拿大政府爆炸管制司核可的抽水准则。在这些指南中, 人们注意到, 在实验室测量的最低燃烧压力将提供一个很好的指南来描述这些产品在抽水系统中的行为。同样的指导原则也要求设计水泵系统, 以防可能的压力超过泵浦的产品的碱性蛋白。在本指南公布之时, 已有一种方法用于测量此类碱性蛋白的值, 但它从未被证实用于测定硝酸铵水基乳液 (AWEs) 的碱性蛋白。在 on-site 散装装载作业中, AWEs 比任何其他水基炸药和前驱物使用得更广泛。
加拿大爆炸物研究实验室 (CanmetCERL) 在过去十年中一直在进行研究, 以制定一项验证的测试协议来测量和解释 AWEs 的典型的碱性蛋白值。今天的测试将会被描述出来, 而关键的组件将通过参考最近公布的数据来进行论证。为一系列的敬畏产品, 将提出的结果的碱性髓鞘测量。此外, 还将讨论在加拿大高爆炸物授权测试标准中加入碱性髓鞘试验。

从测试中产生的典型原始信号 (即"go") 在图 6中显示为完全传播的事件。点火电流 (蓝色曲线) 被认为是在 t0 = 0, 并留在直到铬电线烧伤 tb = 19.1 s。计算的平均点火电流 (即在 t0和 tb之间的所有数据点的平均值是 i硬件= 10.59 A。在压力记录 (红色曲线) 上, 观察到在 tp0 = 17.3 s 处发生的第一个?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Minimum Burning Pressures of Water-based Emulsion Explosives at JoVE.com

Minimum Burning Pressures of Water-based Emulsion Explosives

我们提出了一个装置基于 hot-wire 点火在一个加压外壳和相关的方法, 以测量最低压力所需的诱导持续燃烧水基乳化炸药。这种方法改进了产品特性, 使人们能够在泵送和混合操作中更安全地使用它们。

水性乳化炸药的最小燃烧压力

This manuscript describes a protocol to measure the minimum pressure required for sustained burning of water-based emulsion explosives. Pumping ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Determination of the Gas-phase Acidities of Oligopeptides

寡肽测定气相酸性

Amino acid residues located at different positions in folded proteins often exhibit different degrees of acidities. For example, a cysteine residue ...

科研

化学

Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodonium Alkynyl Triflates for the Application of Generating Cyanocarbenes

高价碘鎓炔基三氟甲磺酸酯的生成Cyanocarbenes的合成应用

The procedures described in this article involve the synthesis and isolation of hypervalent iodonium alkynyl triflates (HIATs) and their subsequent ...

Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Gold Intercalated in the Walls of Mesoporous Silica

合成和金插在介孔二氧化硅的墙壁催化性能

As a promising catalytically active nano reactor, gold nanoparticles intercalated in mesoporous silica (GMS) were successfully synthesized and properties ...

Visualization of Ambient Mass Spectrometry with the Use of Schlieren Photography

环境质谱可视化纹影摄影的使用

This manuscript outlines how to visualize mass spectrometry ambient ionization sources using schlieren photography. In order to properly optimize the mass ...

Preparation of Hollow Polystyrene Particles and Microcapsules by Radical Polymerization of Janus Droplets Consisting of Hydrocarbon and Fluorocarbon Oils

由烃类和氟碳油组成的同液滴的自由基聚合制备空心聚苯乙烯颗粒和微胶囊

In this article, we have demonstrated a method for producing hollow particles and microcapsules using oil droplets consisting of hydrocarbon oil (styrene) ...

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F&#8722;

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of FÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬Â '

由 F− 310 Nm 支队所示的阴离子光电子成像

Anion photoelectron imaging is a very efficient method for the study of energy states of bound negative ions, neutral species and interactions of unbound ...

Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source

Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source

用干冰作为固体 CO2源实现密封容器中的适度压力

Herein is presented a general strategy to perform reactions under mild to moderate CO2 pressures with dry ice. This technique obviates the need for ...

Separation of Uranium and Thorium for 230Th-U Dating of Submarine Hydrothermal Sulfides

Separation of Uranium and Thorium for 230Th-U Dating of Submarine Hydrothermal Sulfides

海底热液硫化物230Th-U测定铀和铀的分离

The age of a submarine hydrothermal sulfide is a significant index for estimating the size of hydrothermal ore deposits. Uranium and thorium isotopes in ...

Enzymatic Synthesis of Epoxidized Metabolites of Docosahexaenoic, Eicosapentaenoic, and Arachidonic Acids

多克沙六烯、环氧体和阿拉奇酮酸的环氧代谢物酶合成

The epoxidized metabolites of various polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), termed epoxy fatty acids, have a wide range of roles in human physiology. These ...

Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether

调整二苯醚氢氧化的Pt/CNT催化剂的酸度

We herein present a method for the synthesis of HNbWO6, HNbMoO6, HTaWO6 solid acid nanosheet modified Pt/CNTs. By varying the weight of various solid acid ...