Name: application of multicolor flpout technique to study high resolution single cell morphologies and cell interactions of glia in drosophila
Uploaded: 2017-10-20T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Application of MultiColor FlpOut Technique to Study High Resolution Single Cell Morphologies and Cell Interactions of Glia in Drosophila at JoVE.com

Forfatterne takke Arnim Jenett, Aljoscha Nern og andre medlemmer af Rubin laboratorium for rådgivning og deling af ikke-udgivne reagenser og Janelia flyve lys projektgruppen til at generere Konfokal billeder. Forfatterne også takke medlemmerne af Gallien laboratorium for kommentarer på manuskriptet.

1. forberede fluer til eksperimenter med flerfarvet FlpOut (MCFO) Bemærk: The MCFO teknik refererer til en modificeret udgave af den såkaldte Flp-medierede stop kassette excision (FlpOut). Transgene MCFO fluer bære en heat shock promotor (hsp)-Flp recombinase og forskellige journalister under UAS styre. Hver reporter består af en fælles rygraden i en myristoylated (myr) super mappe grøn fluorescerende proteiner (sfGFP), i hvilke 10 eksemplarer af en epitop tag (fx., HA, FLAG ell...

<ol>
	<li>Freeman, M. R., Doherty, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glial+cell+biology+in+Drosophila+and+vertebrates.">Glial cell biology in Drosophila and vertebrates.</a> Trends Neurosci. 29 (2), 82-90 (2006).</li><li>Stork, T., Bernardos, R., Freeman, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+glial+cell+development+and+function+in+Drosophila.">Analysis of glial cell development and function in Drosophila.</a> Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2012 (1), 1-17 (2012).</li><li>Corty, M. M., Freeman, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+biology+in+neuroscience:+Architects+in+neural+circuit+design:+Glia+control+neuron+numbers+and+connectivity.">Cell biology in neuroscience: Architects in neural circuit design: Glia control neuron numbers and connectivity.</a> J Cell Biol. 203 (3), 395-405 (2013).</li><li>Hidalgo, A., Kato, K., Sutcliffe, B., McIlroy, G., Bishop, S., Alahmed, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trophic+neuron-glia+interactions+and+cell+number+adjustments+in+the+fruit+fly.">Trophic neuron-glia interactions and cell number adjustments in the fruit fly.</a> Glia. 59 (9), 1296-1303 (2011).</li><li>Liu, J., Speder, P., Brand, A. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+brain+development+and+homeostasis+by+local+and+systemic+insulin+signalling.">Control of brain development and homeostasis by local and systemic insulin signalling.</a> Diabetes Obes Metab. 16, 16-20 (2014).</li><li>Kurant, E., Axelrod, S., Leaman, D., Gaul, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Six-microns-under+acts+upstream+of+Draper+in+the+glial+phagocytosis+of+apoptotic+neurons.">Six-microns-under acts upstream of Draper in the glial phagocytosis of apoptotic neurons.</a> Cell. 133 (3), 498-509 (2008).</li><li>Barres, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+mystery+and+magic+of+glia:+a+perspective+on+their+roles+in+health+and+disease.">The mystery and magic of glia: a perspective on their roles in health and disease.</a> Neuron. 60 (3), 430-440 (2008).</li><li>Edenfeld, G., Stork, T., Klambt, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuron-glia+interaction+in+the+insect+nervous+system.">Neuron-glia interaction in the insect nervous system.</a> Curr Opin Neurobiol. 15 (1), 34-39 (2005).</li><li>Oland, L. A., Tolbert, L. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Key+interactions+between+neurons+and+glial+cells+during+neural+development+in+insects.">Key interactions between neurons and glial cells during neural development in insects.</a> Annu Rev Entomol. 48, 89-110 (2003).</li><li>Stork, T., Sheehan, A., Tasdemir-Yilmaz, O. E., Freeman, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuron-glia+interactions+through+the+Heartless+FGF+receptor+signaling+pathway+mediate+morphogenesis+of+Drosophila+astrocytes.">Neuron-glia interactions through the Heartless FGF receptor signaling pathway mediate morphogenesis of Drosophila astrocytes.</a> Neuron. 83 (2), 388-403 (2014).</li><li>Zwarts, L., Van Eijs, F., Callaerts, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glia+in+Drosophila+behavior.">Glia in Drosophila behavior.</a> J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 201 (9), 879-893 (2015).</li><li>Nern, A., Pfeiffer, B. D., Svoboda, K., Rubin, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiple+new+site-specific+recombinases+for+use+in+manipulating+animal+genomes.">Multiple new site-specific recombinases for use in manipulating animal genomes.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 108 (34), 14198-14203 (2011).</li><li>Nern, A., Pfeiffer, B. D., Rubin, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimized+tools+for+multicolor+stochastic+labeling+reveal+diverse+stereotyped+cell+arrangements+in+the+fly+visual+system.">Optimized tools for multicolor stochastic labeling reveal diverse stereotyped cell arrangements in the fly visual system.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 112 (22), E2967-E2976 (2015).</li><li>Viswanathan, S., Williams, M. E., Bloss, E. B., Stasevich, T. J., Speer, C. M., Nern, A., Pfeiffer, B. D., Hooks, B. M., Li, W. P., English, B. P., Tian, T., Henry, G. L., Macklin, J. J., Patel, R., Gerfen, C. R., Zhuang, X., Wang, Y., Rubin, G. M., Looger, L. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-performance+probes+for+light+and+electron+microscopy.">High-performance probes for light and electron microscopy.</a> Nat Methods. 12 (6), 568-576 (2015).</li><li>Livet, J., Weissman, T. A., Kang, H., Draft, R. W., Lu, J., Bennis, R. A., Sanes, J. R., Lichtman, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transgenic+strategies+for+combinatorial+expression+of+fluorescent+proteins+in+the+nervous+system.">Transgenic strategies for combinatorial expression of fluorescent proteins in the nervous system.</a> Nature. 450 (7166), 56-62 (2007).</li><li>Hampel, S., Chung, P., McKellar, C. E., Hall, D., Looger, L. L., Simpson, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Drosophila+Brainbow:+A+recombinase-based+fluorescence+labeling+technique+to+subdivide+neural+expression+patterns.">Drosophila Brainbow: A recombinase-based fluorescence labeling technique to subdivide neural expression patterns.</a> Nat Methods. 8 (3), 253-259 (2011).</li><li>Hadjieconomou, D., Rotkopf, S., Alexandre, C., Bell, D. M., Dickson, B. J., Salecker, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flybow:+Genetic+multicolor+cell+labeling+for+neural+circuit+analysis+in+Drosophila+melanogaster.">Flybow: Genetic multicolor cell labeling for neural circuit analysis in Drosophila melanogaster.</a> Nat Methods. 8 (3), 260-266 (2011).</li><li>Kremer, M. C., Jung, C., Batelli, S., Rubin, G. M., Gaul, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+glia+of+the+adult+Drosophila+nervous+system.">The glia of the adult Drosophila nervous system.</a> Glia. 65 (4), 606-638 (2017).</li></ol>

Denne protokol beskriver en nem og effektiv metode til at studere morfologi af forskellige celletyper i et væv af interesse i høj opløsning. Med MCFO teknikken anvendes flere journalister med forskellige epitop tags i kombination for multicolor stokastiske mærkning (figur 2). I lighed med andre metoder såsom Brainbow/Flybow15,16,17, MCFO øger etiket mangfoldighed gennem markør coexpression, t...

Glia, ikke-neuronal celle population af nervesystemet (NS), var længe ment, at skabe en statisk ramme for neuroner og derfor er undersøgt ikke i detaljer. Men i mennesker, glia udgør langt størstedelen af cellerne i NS (~ 90%) og falder i flere forskellige kategorier, herunder astrocytter, oligodendrocytes, mikroglia og Schwann celler. I Drosophila, glia udgør omkring 10% af cellerne i NS. Intriguingly, er deres morfologier og funktioner bemærkelsesværdigt ens til dem, der findes i hvirveldyr1,2. Deres morfologier omfatte blod - hjerne barrieren (BBB) danner epitheler, ensheathing og astrocyte-lignende celler.
Drosophila centralnervesystemet (CNS) består af de følgende vigtigste strukturer: cortex regioner, der indeholder de neuronale celle organer; neuropils, som havnen synaptiske forbindelser; små og store axon skrifter, der forbinder de forskellige neuropiles; perifere nerver, der forbinder sanseorganer og muskler med CNS (figur 1). Glia findes forbundet med alle disse anatomiske strukturer: Cortex glia (CG) i de kortikale regioner, astrocyte-lignende glia (ALG) og ensheathing glia (EG) i neuropile regionerne, ensheathing glia er også forbundet med centrale axon skrifter og perifere nerver (EGN), og endelig, to ark-lignende glia, perineurial glia (PG) og subperineurial (SPG), der tilsammen danner et sammenhængende lag, der dækker hele NS (figur 2).
Tidligere undersøgelser har vist at glia spiller en vigtig rolle i udviklingen af NS; de overvåge neuronal celle numre ved at reagere på systemisk cirkulerende insulin-lignende peptider, trofiske støtte til neuroner, såsom astrocyte-neuron laktat lufthavnstransport, og fjerne døende neuroner ved fagocytose3,4 , 5 , 6. i den modne NS, glia opretholde BBB, tage op neurotransmittere og vedligeholde ionisk homøostase, fungere som de store immunceller i NS, da makrofager ikke kan overtræde BBB, og modulere synaptic aktivitet samt dyrs adfærd6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11.
Om de forskellige glial undertyper udfører specialiserede funktioner forbliver et vigtigt åbent spørgsmål. Men en systematisk genome-wide analyse om glia, især i voksen er blevet hæmmet af en mangel på relevante genetiske værktøjer til deres manipulation. Her præsenteres en metode, der giver mulighed for effektiv og nem karakterisering af celle figurer at studere komplekse celle-celle interaktioner. Denne teknik er blevet anvendt til at karakterisere morfologi af de forskellige glial undertyper i voksen Drosophila hjernen, men afhængigt af den specifikke GAL4 driveren bruges, det kunne tilpasses for at studere neuroner12,13 , enhver form for sammenblanding celler, og i princippet alle væv i ethvert udviklingstrin.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Water bath</td>
			<td>Grant</td>
			<td>GD100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PCR tubes</td>
			<td>Sarstedt</td>
			<td>72.737.002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps</td>
			<td>Dumont</td>
			<td>11251-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting dish 30 mm x 12 mmm</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>70543-30</td>
			<td>Glass dissection dish</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pyrex 3 Depression Glass Spot Plate</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>7223-34</td>
			<td>Glass dissection plates</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sylgard Black</td>
			<td>SYLGARD, Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>805998</td>
			<td>home made with charcoal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ExpressFive S2 cell culture medium</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10486-025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20% PFA</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>15713</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>3051.3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal goat serum</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratories</td>
			<td>005-000-121</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal donkey serum</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratories</td>
			<td>017-000-121</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine Serum Albumin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A9647</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rabbit HA-tag</td>
			<td>Cell Signaling</td>
			<td>C29F4</td>
			<td>Primary antibody, dilution 1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat FLAG-tag</td>
			<td>Novus Biologicals</td>
			<td>NBP1-06712</td>
			<td>Primary antibody, dilution 1:100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse V5-tag:DyLight 549</td>
			<td>AdSerotec</td>
			<td>0411</td>
			<td>Conjugated antibody, dilution 1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-rabbit AlexaFluor 488</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A11034</td>
			<td>Secondary antibody, dilution 1:250</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-rat DyLight 647</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratories</td>
			<td>712-605-153</td>
			<td>Secondary antibody, dilution 1:100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vecta Shield</td>
			<td>Vector Laboratories</td>
			<td>H-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SlowFate Gold</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>S36937</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Secure Seal Spacer</td>
			<td>Grace Biolabs</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Contact company for ordering</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope cover glass 22 X 60 mm</td>
			<td>Marienfeld</td>
			<td>101152</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope cover glass 22 x 22 mm</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>H874</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereo Microscope, Leica MZ6</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocal laser scanning microscope LSM710</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Immersol</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>518 F</td>
			<td>Immersion oil for fluorescence-microscopy, halogen free</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Immersol</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>W 2010</td>
			<td>Immersion fluid for water-immersion objectives, halogen free</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>R56F03-GAL4 (EG)</td>
			<td>Bloomington Stock Center</td>
			<td>39157</td>
			<td>GAL4 driver</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>R86E01-GAL4 (ALG)</td>
			<td>Bloomington Stock Center</td>
			<td>45914</td>
			<td>GAL4 driver</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>hspFlpPestOpt; UAS-FRT-stop-FRT-myr-smGFP-HA, UAS-FRT-stop-FRT-myr-smGFP-FLAG, UAS-FRT-stop-FRT-myr-smGFP-V5</td>
			<td>Bloomington Stock Center</td>
			<td>64085</td>
			<td>UAS reporter (https://bdscweb.webtest.iu.edu/stock/misc/mcfo.php)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fiji (Image J)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Image analysis software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Multi Time Macro</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Software for automated scanning</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

application of multicolor flpout technique to study high resolution single cell morphologies and cell interactions of glia in drosophila

Celler vise forskellige morfologier og komplekse anatomiske relationer. Hvordan celler interagere med deres naboer? Afviger interaktionerne mellem celletyper eller selv inden for en given type? Hvilke typer af rumlige regler kan de følge? Svarene på sådanne grundlæggende spørgsmål i vivo har hidtil været hæmmet af en mangel på værktøjer til høj opløsning enkelt celle mærkning. Her, er en detaljeret protokol til at målrette enkelt celler med en flerfarvet FlpOut (MCFO) teknik leveret. Denne metode bygger på tre anderledes tagged journalister (HA, FLAG og V5) under UAS kontrol, der holdes stille af en transcriptional terminator flankeret af to FRT websteder (FRT-stop-FRT). En heat shock puls inducerer udtryk af en heat shock-induceret Flp recombinase, som tilfældigt fjerner FRT-stop-FRT kassetter i enkelte celler: udtryk forekommer kun i celler, der også udtrykke en GAL4 driver. Dette fører til en bred vifte af forskelligt farvede celler af en bestemt celletype, der giver mulighed for visualisering af individuelle celle morfologier med høj opløsning. Som et eksempel, kan MCFO-teknikken kombineres med specifikke glial GAL4 drivere til at visualisere morfologier af forskellige glial undertyper i voksen Drosophila hjernen.

Dette afsnit illustrerer eksempler på resultater, der kan opnås ved hjælp af MCFO teknik i voksen Drosophila hjernen. Figur 3 viser en skematisk af metoden. Tre anderledes membran-tagged journalister (myr-smGFP-HA, myr-smGFP-FLAG og myr-smGFP-V5) under UAS kontrol holdes stille af en transcriptional terminator flankeret af to FRT websteder (FRT-stop-FRT). En heat shock puls inducerer udtryk af Flp recombinase, som tilfældigt fj...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Application of MultiColor FlpOut Technique to Study High Resolution Single Cell Morphologies and Cell Interactions of Glia in Drosophila at JoVE.com

Application of MultiColor FlpOut Technique to Study High Resolution Single Cell Morphologies and Cell Interactions of Glia in Drosophila

Celler vise forskellige morfologier og etablere en række forskellige interaktioner med deres naboer. Denne protokol beskriver, hvordan at afsløre morfologi af enkelt celler og undersøge celle-celle interaktion ved hjælp af veletablerede Gal4/UAS udtryk system.

Anvendelse af flerfarvet FlpOut teknik til at studere høj opløsning enkelt celle morfologier og celle interaktioner om Glia i Drosophila

Cells display different morphologies and complex anatomical relationships. How do cells interact with their neighbors? Do the interactions differ between ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

Application of MultiColor FlpOut Technique to Study High Resolution Single Cell Morphologies and Cell Interactions of Glia in Drosophila

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Vurderingen og evalueringen af ​​den store risiko for nyfødte: NICU Network neurobehavioral Scale

There has been a long-standing interest in the assessment of the neurobehavioral integrity of the newborn infant.  The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale ...

A Procedure to Study the Effect of Prolonged Food Restriction on Heroin Seeking in Abstinent Rats

En procedure til at undersøge effekten af ​​langvarig mad begrænsning på Heroin Søger i afholdende Rats

In human drug addicts, exposure to drug-associated cues or environments that were previously associated with drug taking can trigger relapse during ...

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Undersøgelse Motor Skill Læring ved Single-pellet Nå Opgaver i Mus

Reaching for and retrieving objects require precise and coordinated motor movements in the forelimb. When mice are repeatedly trained to grasp and ...

Uncovering Beat Deafness: Detecting Rhythm Disorders with Synchronized Finger Tapping and Perceptual Timing Tasks

Afsløring beat Døvhed: Afsløring rytmeforstyrrelser med synkroniseret Finger Tapping og Sanselig Timing Opgaver

A set of behavioral tasks for assessing perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) is presented here ...

A Novel Approach to Assess Motor Outcome of Deep Brain Stimulation Effects in the Hemiparkinsonian Rat: Staircase and Cylinder Test

En ny tilgang til Vurdere Motor Resultat af Deep Brain Stimulation Effekter i Hemiparkinsonian Rat: Staircase og Cylinder Test

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is an effective treatment option for Parkinson&#39;s disease. In our lab we established a protocol to ...

Reversible Cooling-induced Deactivations to Study Cortical Contributions to Obstacle Memory in the Walking Cat

Vendbar køling-induceret deaktiveringer at studere kortikale bidrag til hindring hukommelse i den omvandrende kat

On complex, naturalistic terrain, sensory information about an environmental obstacle can be used to rapidly adjust locomotor movements for avoidance. For ...

Combining Quantitative Food-intake Assays and Forcibly Activating Neurons to Study Appetite in Drosophila

Combining Quantitative Food-intake Assays and Forcibly Activating Neurons to Study Appetite in Drosophila

Ved at kombinere kvantitative fødeindtagelse Assays og fremtvinge aktivering neuroner for at studere appetit i Drosophila

Food consumption is under the tight control of the brain, which integrates the physiological status, palatability, and nutritional contents of the food, ...

An Automated Method to Determine the Performance of Drosophila in Response to Temperature Changes in Space and Time

An Automated Method to Determine the Performance of Drosophila in Response to Temperature Changes in Space and Time

En automatiseret metode til at bestemme effektiviteten af Drosophila reaktion på temperaturændringer i rum og tid

Temperature is a ubiquitous environmental factor that affects how species distribute and behave. Different species of Drosophila fruit flies have specific ...

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Vurdering af sammenhængen i forældrenes korte fortællinger om deres barn ved hjælp af den fem minutters tale prøve procedure

Valid and efficient measures for assessing the quality of parent-child relationships are needed to facilitate research and evidence-based practice with ...

Radiotracer Administration for High Temporal Resolution Positron Emission Tomography of the Human Brain: Application to FDG-fPET

Radiotracer administration for høj tidsmæssig opløsning Positron emission tomografi af den menneskelige hjerne: ansøgning til FDG-fPET

Functional positron emission tomography (fPET) provides a method to track molecular targets in the human brain. With a radioactively-labelled glucose ...