Name: preparation steps for measurement of reactivity in mouse retinal arterioles ex vivo
Uploaded: 2018-05-08T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation Steps for Measurement of Reactivity in Mouse Retinal Arterioles Ex Vivo at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af tilskud fra Ernst und Berta Grimmke Stiftung og Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft (hund).

De eksperimentelle procedurer af denne undersøgelse blev godkendt af animalsk omhu Udvalget af Rheinland-Pfalz, Tyskland. Pasning af dyr i overensstemmelse med den institutionelle retningslinjer og foreningen for forskning i Vision og oftalmologi (ARVO) redegørelse for brug af dyr i oftalmologiske og vision forskning. Dyrene blev behandlet i overensstemmelse med EU direktiv 2010/63/EU for dyreforsøg. Mandlige C57BL/6J mus (The Jackson laboratorium, Bar havn, mig, USA) i alderen 3-4 måneder blev brugt til eksperimente...

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	<li>Toda, N., Nakanishi-Toda, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nitric+oxide:+ocular+blood+flow,+glaucoma,+and+diabetic+retinopathy.">Nitric oxide: ocular blood flow, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy.</a> Prog Retin Eye Res. 26 (3), 205-238 (2007).</li><li>Schuster, A. K., Fischer, J. E., Vossmerbaeumer, C., Vossmerbaeumer, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optical+coherence+tomography-based+retinal+vessel+analysis+for+the+evaluation+of+hypertensive+vasculopathy.">Optical coherence tomography-based retinal vessel analysis for the evaluation of hypertensive vasculopathy.</a> Acta Ophthalmol. 93 (2), e148-e153 (2015).</li><li>Cherecheanu, A. P., Garhofer, G., Schmidl, D., Werkmeister, R., Schmetterer, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ocular+perfusion+pressure+and+ocular+blood+flow+in+glaucoma.">Ocular perfusion pressure and ocular blood flow in glaucoma.</a> Curr Opin Pharmacol. 13 (1), 36-42 (2013).</li><li>Faraci, F. M., Sigmund, C. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vascular+biology+in+genetically+altered+mice+:+smaller+vessels,+bigger+insight.">Vascular biology in genetically altered mice : smaller vessels, bigger insight.</a> Circ Res. 85 (12), 1214-1225 (1999).</li><li>Kornfield, T. E., Newman, E. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+Retinal+Blood+Flow+Using+Fluorescently+Labeled+Red+Blood+Cells.">Measurement of Retinal Blood Flow Using Fluorescently Labeled Red Blood Cells.</a> eNeuro. 2 (2), (2015).</li><li>Guevara-Torres, A., Joseph, A., Schallek, J. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Label+free+measurement+of+retinal+blood+cell+flux,+velocity,+hematocrit+and+capillary+width+in+the+living+mouse+eye.">Label free measurement of retinal blood cell flux, velocity, hematocrit and capillary width in the living mouse eye.</a> Biomed Opt Express. 7 (10), 4229-4249 (2016).</li><li>Schallek, J., Geng, Y., Nguyen, H., Williams, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Morphology+and+topography+of+retinal+pericytes+in+the+living+mouse+retina+using+in+vivo+adaptive+optics+imaging+and+ex+vivo+characterization.">Morphology and topography of retinal pericytes in the living mouse retina using in vivo adaptive optics imaging and ex vivo characterization.</a> Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 54 (13), 8237-8250 (2013).</li><li>Gericke, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+the+muscarinic+acetylcholine+receptor+subtype+mediating+cholinergic+vasodilation+in+murine+retinal+arterioles.">Identification of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype mediating cholinergic vasodilation in murine retinal arterioles.</a> Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 52 (10), 7479-7484 (2011).</li><li>Gericke, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+role+of+alpha1-adrenoceptor+subtypes+in+murine+ophthalmic+arteries.">Functional role of alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes in murine ophthalmic arteries.</a> Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 52 (7), 4795-4799 (2011).</li><li>Bohmer, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+alpha(1)B+-adrenoceptor+subtype+mediates+adrenergic+vasoconstriction+in+mouse+retinal+arterioles+with+damaged+endothelium.">The alpha(1)B -adrenoceptor subtype mediates adrenergic vasoconstriction in mouse retinal arterioles with damaged endothelium.</a> Br J Pharmacol. 171 (16), 3858-3867 (2014).</li></ol>

Måling af vaskulære svar i mus nethinden er en udfordring på grund af den lille størrelse af retinale blodkar. Med den præsenterede teknik, er retinal arterioler visualiseret ved overførte lysmikroskopi. Dette er muligt, fordi den isolerede nethinden er gennemsigtig. Fordelen ved teknikken er af høj optisk opløsning. Den beregnede rumlige opløsning er 11 px/µm. Men den reelle opløsning for denne optiske system, der bruger hvidt lys er mellem 200 og 300 nm, som er forklaret af Abbe diffraktion grænse. Da den f...

Forstyrrelser i retinal perfusion har været involveret i patogenesen af forskellige okulær sygdomme såsom diabetisk retinopati, hypertensive retinopati og glaukom1,2,3. Således undersøgelser med henblik på måling af vaskulære reaktivitet i nethinden er vigtigt at forstå Patofysiologi af disse sygdomme og for at udvikle nye behandling tilgange.
På grund af muligheden for genmanipulation i murine genomet, er musen blevet en meget anvendt dyremodel for undersøgelser af hjerte-kar-system4. Men på grund af den lille størrelse af retinale blodkar (≤ 30 µm), måling af vaskulære reaktivitet i mus nethinden er udfordrende. For eksempel, stereomicroscopic teknikker i vivo måling er begrænsede i deres optisk opløsning og derfor kun tillade at præcist registrere ændringer i diameter eller blod flow i små blod på mindre end ≤ 30 µm diameter når udstyret med yderligere avancerede enheder, såsom en Konfokal mikroskop med fluorescerende farvestoffer eller Adaptive optik Scanning lys oftalmoskop5,6. Derudover ændringer fortolkning af i vivo målinger med henblik på at identificere lokale signalering mekanismer i retinale blodkar kan blive forvirret af anæstesimidler, i systemisk blodtryk og påvirkning af retrobulbær blodkar.
Derfor, har vi udviklet en metode til at måle svar af musen retinale blodkar med høj optisk opløsning ex vivo. Den teknik, der præsenteres heri giver mulighed for visualisering af retinale arterioler via overføres lysmikroskopi. Denne metode, som også kan bruges i rotter, giver adgang til fordelene ved gen målretning teknologi i okulær vaskulære forskning.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Steel Scissors</td>
			<td>Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td>3576.1</td>
			<td>1x 140 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eye Scissors</td>
			<td>Geuder</td>
			<td>G-19390</td>
			<td>1x straight, 10.5 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Precision tweezers, straight with fine tips</td>
			<td>Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td>LH68.1</td>
			<td>2x type 4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Precision tweezers, straight with extra fine tips</td>
			<td>Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td>LH53.1</td>
			<td>2x type 5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vannas capsulotomy scissors</td>
			<td>Geuder</td>
			<td>19760</td>
			<td>1x straight, 77 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Student Vannas Spring Scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>91501-09</td>
			<td>1x curved,</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Barraquer Needle Holder</td>
			<td>Geuder</td>
			<td>G-17500</td>
			<td>1x curved, 120 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Needle</td>
			<td>Becton, Dickinson and Company</td>
			<td>305128</td>
			<td>1x 30 G</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass Capillaries (for producing micropipettes)</td>
			<td>Drummond Scientific Company</td>
			<td>9-000-1211</td>
			<td>1x (1.2 x 0.8 mm; outer/inner diameter)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nylon Suture</td>
			<td>Alcon</td>
			<td>198001</td>
			<td>1x 10-0</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nunclon cell culture dish</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>153066</td>
			<td>1x 35 mm diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nunclon cell culture dish</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>172931</td>
			<td>1x 100 mm diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Discofix C</td>
			<td>Braun</td>
			<td>16500C</td>
			<td>10 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Histoacryl adhesive</td>
			<td>B. Braun Surgical, S.A.</td>
			<td>1050052</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pericyclic pump&#160; (CYCLO II)</td>
			<td>Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td>EP76.1</td>
			<td>1x</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vertical Pipette Puller Model 700C</td>
			<td>David Kopf Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1x</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope (Vanox-T AH-2)</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1x</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water immersion objective LUMPlanFL, 1.0 NA</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1x</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Digital camera (TK-C1381)</td>
			<td>JVC</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1x</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Perfusion chamber</td>
			<td>self-made</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1x</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drugs and Solutions</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td>K928.4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2)</td>
			<td>Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td>5239.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kalium chloride (KCl)</td>
			<td>Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td>6781.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kalium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4)</td>
			<td>Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td>3904.2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4)</td>
			<td>Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td>261.2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium chloride (NaCl)</td>
			<td>Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td>9265.2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3)</td>
			<td>Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td>0965.3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#945;-(D)-(+)- Glucose monohydrate</td>
			<td>Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td>6780.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>9,11-dideoxy-9&#945;,11&#945;-methanoepoxy prostaglandin F2&#945; (U-46619)</td>
			<td>Cayman Chemical</td>
			<td>16450</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetylcholine chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A6625-25G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

preparation steps for measurement of reactivity in mouse retinal arterioles ex vivo

Vaskulær insufficiens og ændringer i almindelige retinale perfusion er blandt de vigtigste faktorer for patogenesen af forskellige sight-truende okulær sygdomme såsom diabetisk retinopati, hypertensive retinopati, og eventuelt glaukom. Derfor, retinal mikrovaskulære præparater er afgørende redskaber for fysiologiske og farmakologiske undersøgelser til at afgrænse de underliggende patofysiologiske mekanismer og design behandlinger for sygdomme. Trods den omfattende brug af musemodeller i oftalmologiske forskning er undersøgelser af retinal vaskulær reaktivitet sparsomme i denne art. En væsentlig årsag til denne forskel er de udfordrende isolationsprocedurer på grund af den lille størrelse af disse retinale blodkar, som er ~ ≤ 30 µm i luminale diameter. For at omgå problemet med direkte isolation af disse retinale microvessels for funktionelle studier, etableret vi en isolation og forberedelse teknik, der gør det muligt ex vivo undersøgelser af mus retinale vasoactivity nær fysiologiske betingelser . Selv om de nuværende eksperimentelle præparater vil specifikt henviser til musen retinal arterioler, kan denne metode let blive ansat til microvessels fra rotter.

U-46619 produceret koncentration-afhængige vasokonstriktor svar i retinal arterioler fra wild-type mus af C57Bl/6J baggrund. Ved en koncentration på 10-6 M var reduktion i luminale diameter ≈50% fra hvile diameter. Figur 9A viser en repræsentativ koncentration-respons kurve af én retinal arteriole. I arterioler preconstricted med U46619, fremkaldte kumulative administration af acetylcholin koncentration-afhængige stigninger i luminale diamet...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation Steps for Measurement of Reactivity in Mouse Retinal Arterioles Ex Vivo at JoVE.com

Preparation Steps for Measurement of Reactivity in Mouse Retinal Arterioles Ex Vivo

Mange vision-truende okulær sygdomme er forbundet med dysfunktionelle retinale microvessels. Derfor, måling af retinale arteriole svar er vigtigt at undersøge de underliggende patofysiologiske mekanismer. I denne artikel beskrives en detaljeret protokol for musen retinal arteriole isolation og forberedelse til at vurdere virkningerne af vasoaktive stoffer på vaskulære diameter.

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Preparation Steps for Measurement of Reactivity in Mouse Retinal Arterioles Ex Vivo

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