Name: a method for obtaining serial ultrathin sections of microorganisms in transmission electron microscopy
Uploaded: 2018-01-17T10:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method for Obtaining Serial Ultrathin Sections of Microorganisms in Transmission Electron Microscopy at JoVE.com

Biz içtenlikle Shigeo Kita onun değerli öneriler ve tartışma için teşekkür ederiz. Biz Ayrıca John ve Sumire Eckstein el yazması onların eleştirel okuma için teşekkür ederiz.

Not: Bu çalışmada kullanılan numuneler mikroorganizmaların hızla sıvı azot içinde propanla donmuş, Don % 2 Osmiyum tetroxide içeren aseton içinde değiştirilen ve epoksi reçine1,2,3gömülü olduğunu, 4,5,6,7,8,9...

<ol>
	<li>Yamaguchi, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+spindle+pole+body+duplicates+in+early+G1+phase+in+a+pathogenic+yeast+Exophiala+dermatitidis:+an+ultrastructural+study.">The spindle pole body duplicates in early G1 phase in a pathogenic yeast Exophiala dermatitidis: an ultrastructural study.</a> Exp. Cell Res. 279, 71-79 (2002).</li><li>Yamaguchi, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+spindle+pole+body+of+the+pathogenic+yeast+Exophiala+dermatitidis:+variation+in+morphology+and+positional+relationship+to+the+nucleolus+and+the+bud+in+interphase+cells.">The spindle pole body of the pathogenic yeast Exophiala dermatitidis: variation in morphology and positional relationship to the nucleolus and the bud in interphase cells.</a> Eur. J. Cell Biol. 82, 531-538 (2003).</li><li>Yamaguchi, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+and+dynamic+ultrastructure+of+yeast+cells+by+electron+microscopy.">Quantitative and dynamic ultrastructure of yeast cells by electron microscopy.</a> Recent Res. Dev. Microbiology. 8, 219-243 (2004).</li><li>Yamaguchi, M., Biswas, S. K., Ohkusu, M., Takeo, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamics+of+the+spindle+pole+body+of+the+pathogenic+yeast+Cryptococcus+neoformans+examined+by+freeze-substitution+electron+microscopy.">Dynamics of the spindle pole body of the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans examined by freeze-substitution electron microscopy.</a> FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 296, 257-265 (2009).</li><li>Yamaguchi, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+spindle+pole+body+of+the+pathogenic+yeast+Cryptococcus+neoformans:+variation+in+morphology+and+positional+relationship+with+the+nucleolus+and+the+bud+in+interphase+cells.">The spindle pole body of the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans: variation in morphology and positional relationship with the nucleolus and the bud in interphase cells.</a> J. Electron Microsc. 59, 165-172 (2010).</li><li>Yamaguchi, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structome+of+Exophiala+yeast+cells+determined+by+freeze-substitution+and+serial+ultrathin+sectioning+electron+microscopy.">Structome of Exophiala yeast cells determined by freeze-substitution and serial ultrathin sectioning electron microscopy.</a> Curr. Trends Microbiol. 2, 1-12 (2006).</li><li>Yamaguchi, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structome+of+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae+determined+by+freeze-substitution+and+serial+ultrathin+sectioning+electron+microscopy.">Structome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae determined by freeze-substitution and serial ultrathin sectioning electron microscopy.</a> J. Electron Microsc. 60, 321-335 (2011).</li><li>Biswas, S. K., Yamaguchi, M., Naoe, N., Takashima, T., Takeo, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+three-dimensional+structural+analysis+of+Exophiala+dermatitidis+yeast+cells+by+freeze-substitution+and+serial+ultrathin+sectioning.">Quantitative three-dimensional structural analysis of Exophiala dermatitidis yeast cells by freeze-substitution and serial ultrathin sectioning.</a> J. Electron Microsc. 52, 133-143 (2003).</li><li>Yamada, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structome+analysis+of+Escherichia+coli.+cells+by+serial+ultrathin+sectioning+reveals+the+precise+cell+profiles+and+the+ribosome+density.">Structome analysis of Escherichia coli. cells by serial ultrathin sectioning reveals the precise cell profiles and the ribosome density.</a> Microscopy. 66, 283-294 (2017).</li><li>Yamada, H., Yamaguchi, M., Chikamatsu, K., Aono, A., Mitarai, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structome+analysis+of+virulent+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis,+which+survives+with+only+700+ribosomes+at+density+per+0.1+fl+cytoplasm.">Structome analysis of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which survives with only 700 ribosomes at density per 0.1 fl cytoplasm.</a> PLoS ONE. 10, e0117109 (2015).</li><li>Yamaguchi, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-voltage+electron+microscopy+tomography+and+structome+analysis+of+unique+spiral+bacteria+from+the+deep+sea.">High-voltage electron microscopy tomography and structome analysis of unique spiral bacteria from the deep sea.</a> Microscopy. 65, 363-369 (2016).</li><li>Yamaguchi, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prokaryote+or+eukaryote?+A+unique+microorganism+from+the+deep-sea.">Prokaryote or eukaryote? A unique microorganism from the deep-sea.</a> J. Electron Microsc. 61, 423-431 (2012).</li><li>Yamaguchi, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrathin+sectioning+of+the+Myojin+parakaryote+discovered+in+the+deep+sea.">Ultrathin sectioning of the Myojin parakaryote discovered in the deep sea.</a> Cytologia. 78, 333-334 (2013).</li><li>Yamaguchi, M., Worman, C. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deep-sea+microorganisms+and+the+origin+of+the+eukaryotic+cell.">Deep-sea microorganisms and the origin of the eukaryotic cell.</a> Jpn. J. Protozool. 47, 29-48 (2014).</li><li>Yamaguchi, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+electron+microscopic+study+of+microorganisms:+from+influenza+virus+to+deep-sea+microorganisms.">An electron microscopic study of microorganisms: from influenza virus to deep-sea microorganisms.</a> JSM Mycotoxins. 65, 81-99 (2015).</li><li>Yamaguchi, M., Okada, H., Namiki, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Smart+specimen+preparation+for+freeze-substitution+and+serial+ultrathin+sectioning+of+yeast+cells.">Smart specimen preparation for freeze-substitution and serial ultrathin sectioning of yeast cells.</a> J. Electron Microsc. 58, 261-266 (2009).</li><li>Yamaguchi, M., Biswas, S. K., Suzuki, Y., Furukawa, H., Takeo, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-dimensional+reconstruction+of+a+pathogenic+yeast+Exophiala+dermatitidis+cell+by+freeze-substitution+and+serial+sectioning+electron+microscopy.">Three-dimensional reconstruction of a pathogenic yeast Exophiala dermatitidis cell by freeze-substitution and serial sectioning electron microscopy.</a> FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 219, 17-21 (2003).</li><li>Kozubowski, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ordered+kinetochore+assembly+in+the+human+pathogenic+basidiomycetous+yeast,+Cryptococcus+neoformans.">Ordered kinetochore assembly in the human pathogenic basidiomycetous yeast, Cryptococcus neoformans.</a> mBio. 4, e00614-e00613 (2013).</li><li>Yamaguchi, M., Adachi, K., The Japanese Society of Microscopy, <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Specimen+support.">Specimen support.</a> Guide Book for Electron Microscopy. , 52-57 (2011).</li><li>Hayat, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Support+films.">Support films.</a> Principles and Techniques of Electron Microscopy: Biological Application. , 216 (2000).</li><li>Yamaguchi, M., Kita, S., The Japanese Society of Microscopy, <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrathin+sectioning.">Ultrathin sectioning.</a> Guide Book for Electron Microscopy. , 40-52 (2011).</li><li>Yamaguchi, M., Aoyama, T., Yamada, N., Chibana, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+measurement+of+hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity+of+the+plasma-polymerized+naphthalene+film+(Super+support+film)+and+other+support+films+and+grids+in+electron+microscopy.">Quantitative measurement of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the plasma-polymerized naphthalene film (Super support film) and other support films and grids in electron microscopy.</a> Microscopy. 65, 444-450 (2016).</li><li>Kita, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reliable+method+for+obtaining+serial+ultrathin+sections+using+new+small+tools.">Reliable method for obtaining serial ultrathin sections using new small tools.</a> Kenbikyo. 46, 253-257 (2011).</li><li>Yamaguchi, M., Shimizu, M., Yamaguchi, T., Ohkusu, M., Kawamoto, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Repeated+use+of+uranyl+acetate+solution+in+section+staining+in+transmission+electron+microscopy.">Repeated use of uranyl acetate solution in section staining in transmission electron microscopy.</a> Plant Morphology. 17, 57-59 (2005).</li><li>Hayworth, K. J., Kasthuri, N., Schalek, R., Lichtman, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automating+the+collection+of+ultrathin+serial+sections+for+large+volume+TEM+reconstructions.">Automating the collection of ultrathin serial sections for large volume TEM reconstructions.</a> Microsc. Microanal. 12, 86-87 (2006).</li><li>Hildebrand, D. G. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whole-brain+serial-section+electron+microscopy+in+larval+zebrafish.">Whole-brain serial-section electron microscopy in larval zebrafish.</a> Nature. 545, 345-349 (2017).</li><li>Denk, W., Horstmann, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Serial+block-face+scanning+electron+microscopy+to+reconstruct+three-dimensional+tissue+nanostructure.">Serial block-face scanning electron microscopy to reconstruct three-dimensional tissue nanostructure.</a> PLoS Biol. 2, e329 (2004).</li><li>Heymann, J. A. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Site-specific+3D+imaging+of+cells+and+tissues+with+a+dual+beam+microscope.">Site-specific 3D imaging of cells and tissues with a dual beam microscope.</a> J. Struct. Biol. 155, 63-73 (2006).</li></ol>

Burada sunulan yöntem hiçbir pahalı ekipman gerektirir. Sadece bir alüminyum raf (şekil 3), üç-yarık Izgaralar (şekil 6 c), bölüm-holding döngüler (şekil 10a), su yüzeyi yükselterek döngü (şekil 11a) ve boyama tüp (şekil 13) gerektirir. Mevcut yöntemin birçok özellikleri vardır. Numune büyük bölümünü birbirine paralel karşılaştıkları numu...

Hücreleri ve hücre bileşenleri üç boyutlu en elektron mikroskobik düzeyde çalışmaya uygun seri ultrathin parça tekniği vazgeçilmezdir. Biz Milli direk vücutta hücre döngüsünün Maya hücreleri dinamikleri okudu ve hücre döngüsü ve çoğaltma1,2,3, saat onların ultrastructure morfolojik değişiklikler ortaya 4,5. 2006'da, biz 'structure' birleştirerek yeni bir kelime 'structome' icat ve '-ome' ve 'nicel ve üç boyutlu yapısal bilgi elektron mikroskobik düzeyde bütün bir hücrenin' 6,7olarak tanımlanır.
Seri ultrathin parça tekniği gerektiren structome analiz, bu Maya hücre Saccharomyces cerevisiae ve Exophiala kemiğin yaklaşık 200.000 ribozomlara7,8, bir vardı bulundu Escherichia coli hücre 26.000 ribozomlara9, Mycobacterium tüberküloz hücre 1,700 ribozomlara10 vardı ve Myojin sarmal bakterilerin vardı sadece 300 ribozomlara11. Bu bilgiler sadece büyüme oranı her organizma, aynı zamanda tür9tanımlaması tahmininde yararlı olur.
Ayrıca, structome analiz yeni bir organizma keşfi yol açtı; Kapalı hücre yapısı vardı bir ara bu12,13,14,15prokaryot ve Ökaryotlar arasında Japonya sahillerine, derin deniz Parakaryon myojinensis bulundu. Şu anda, seri ultrathin parça tekniği master için uzun bir süre süreceğini zor olarak kabul edilir. Bu çalışmada, hangi içinde kimse seri ultrathin zorlanmadan kesit yerine güvenilir bir yöntem geliştirdik.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Formvar making apparatus</td>
			<td>Nisshin EM Co. Ltd., Tokyo</td>
			<td>652</td>
			<td>W 180 x D 180 x H 300 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass slide</td>
			<td>Matsunami Co. Ltd., Osaka</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>76 x 26 x 1.3 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum rack with 4-mm holes</td>
			<td>Nisshin EM Co. Ltd., Tokyo</td>
			<td>658</td>
			<td>W 30 x D 25 x H 3 mm, Refer to this paper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereomicroscope</td>
			<td>Nikon Co. Ltd., Tokyo</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>SMZ 645</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LED illumination for stereomicroscope</td>
			<td>Nikon Co. Ltd., Tokyo</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>SM-LW 61 Ji</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trimming stage</td>
			<td>Sunmag Co.Ltd., Tokyo</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Tilting mechanism equipped, Refer to this paper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LED illumination for trimming stage</td>
			<td>Sunmag Co.Ltd., Tokyo</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Refer to this paper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultrasonic trimming blade</td>
			<td>Nisshin EM Co. Ltd., Tokyo</td>
			<td>5240</td>
			<td>EM-240, Refer to this paper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diamond knife for trimming</td>
			<td>Diatome Co. Ltd., Switzerland</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>45&#176;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diamond knife for ultrathin sectioning</td>
			<td>Diatome Co. Ltd., Switzerland</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>45&#176;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultramicrotome</td>
			<td>Leica Microsystems, Vienna</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Ultracut S</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mesa cut</td>
			<td>Leica Microsystems, Vienna</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Mirror</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.5% Neoprene W solution</td>
			<td>Nisshin EM Co. Ltd., Tokyo</td>
			<td>605</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Special 3-slit nickel grid</td>
			<td>Nisshin EM Co. Ltd., Tokyo</td>
			<td>2458</td>
			<td>Refer to this paper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Special 3-slit copper grid</td>
			<td>Nisshin EM Co. Ltd., Tokyo</td>
			<td>2459</td>
			<td>Refer to this paper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Section-holding loop</td>
			<td>Nisshin EM Co. Ltd., Tokyo</td>
			<td>526</td>
			<td>Refer to this paper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water-surface-raising loop</td>
			<td>Nisshin EM Co. Ltd., Tokyo</td>
			<td>527</td>
			<td>Refer to this paper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Staining tube</td>
			<td>Nisshin EM Co. Ltd., Tokyo</td>
			<td>463</td>
			<td>Refer to this paper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Multi-specimen holder</td>
			<td>JEOL Co. Ltd., Tokyo</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>EM-11170</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>JEM-1400</td>
			<td>JEOL Co. Ltd., Tokyo</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Transmission electron microscope</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a method for obtaining serial ultrathin sections of microorganisms in transmission electron microscopy

Hücreleri ve hücre bileşenleri transmisyon elektron mikroskobu yüksek büyütmede üç boyutlu gözlem ultrathin bölümlerini seri: numune hazırlama gerektirir. Seri ultrathin bölümler hazırlama çok zor olarak kabul edilir, uygun yöntemi kullanılırsa oldukça kolay olsa da. Bu yazıda, güvenli bir şekilde mikroorganizmaların seri ultrathin bölümler elde etmek için bir adım adım yordam göstereceğiz. Bu yöntem anahtar noktaları vardır: 1) numune büyük bölümünü kullanmak ve böylece birbirine; paralel numune yüzeyi ve bıçak kenarı ayarlamak için 2) seri grupları bölümlerde kesme ve saç iplikçiklerinin dibinde bir çift yarık Izgaralar üzerine seri bölümler bir grup alınırken kullanma bölümlerine ayırmak zorluk önlemek için; 3) bir 'bölüm-holding loop' kullanın ve bölüm grupları sipariş kadar karıştırma önlemek için; 4) bölümleri su tepe üzerinde konumlandırılmış ve ızgara önce onları Izgaralar üzerinde istediğiniz konuma yerleştirmek için dokundukları olduğunu emin olun ve bir 'su yüzeyi yükselterek loop' kullanmak için; 5) destek film bir alüminyum raf kullanabilir ve Izgaralar bölümleri kurtarmak için ve destek film kırışıklıklar önlemek için kolaylaştırmak için; ve 6) Boyama bir tüp kullanın ve destek filmleri cımbızla yanlışlıkla kesmemek için. Bu yeni yöntem zorluk olmadan seri ultrathin bölümler elde sağlar. Yönteminin Otomatik teyp toplama ultramicrotome yöntemi ve seri blok-yüz veya elektron mikroskobu tarama odaklı iyon ışını kullanarak elde edilemez 3D yüksek çözünürlükte mikroorganizmaların hücre yapıları analiz olanak sağlar.

Bu protokol için üç-yarık Izgaralar seri bölümleri seçmek için kullanılmıştır. Izgaralar nikel veya bakır yapılmıştır. Seri bölümleri orta slit yerleştirilir. Her iki tarafta yırtmaçlı kılavuzla aldığın zaman bölümleri görüntülemek gereklidir. Izgaralar seri bölümleri ile paralel (Şekil 11 d) cımbızla almaya devam etmek, kolu bükülmüş (şekil 6 c, sağ). Küçük bir kolu ciddi sorunlara n...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method for Obtaining Serial Ultrathin Sections of Microorganisms in Transmission Electron Microscopy at JoVE.com

A Method for Obtaining Serial Ultrathin Sections of Microorganisms in Transmission Electron Microscopy

Bu çalışmada bir mikroorganizma transmisyon elektron mikroskobu içinde pahalı aletler olmadan seri ultrathin bölümleri elde etmek için güvenilir ve kolay yordamları sunar.

Transmisyon elektron mikroskobu mikroorganizmaların seri Ultrathin bölümler elde etmek için bir yöntem

Observing cells and cell components in three dimensions at high magnification in transmission electron microscopy requires preparing serial ultrathin ...

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(SEM) X-ışını Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (BT) ve Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu ile İlişkili Işık Mikroskopi (LM) bir kombinasyonu ile LED&#39;lerin Derinliği Analizlerinde

In failure analysis, device characterization and reverse engineering of light emitting diodes (LEDs), and similar electronic components of ...

Studying Dynamic Processes of Nano-sized Objects in Liquid using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

Tarama Transmisyon Elektron Mikroskobu kullanılarak Sıvı Nano-ölçekli Nesnelerin dinamik Süreçlerinin İncelenmesi

Samples fully embedded in liquid can be studied at a nanoscale spatial resolution with Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) using a ...

Characterization of Ultra-fine Grained and Nanocrystalline Materials Using Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction

İletim Kikuchi difraksiyonu kullanılarak ultra-ince taneli ve Nanokristal Malzemelerin Karakterizasyonu

One of the challenges in microstructure analysis nowadays resides in the reliable and accurate characterization of ultra-fine grained (UFG) and ...

Fabrication of Magnetic Nanostructures on Silicon Nitride Membranes for Magnetic Vortex Studies Using Transmission Microscopy Techniques

Silikon nitrür membranlar üzerinde manyetik nanoyapıları imalatı transmisyon mikroskopisi teknikleri kullanarak manyetik girdap etütler

Electron and x-ray magnetic microscopies allow for high-resolution magnetic imaging down to tens of nanometers. However, the samples need to be prepared ...

Single-Digit Nanometer Electron-Beam Lithography with an Aberration-Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope

Tek basamaklı nanometre elektron ışını litografi bir sapma düzeltilmiş tarama transmisyon elektron mikroskobu ile

We demonstrate extension of electron-beam lithography using conventional resists and pattern transfer processes to single-digit nanometer dimensions by ...

Graphene-Assisted Quasi-van der Waals Epitaxy of AlN Film on Nano-Patterned Sapphire Substrate for Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes

Grafen Destekli Quasi-van der Waals Epitaxy AlN Film Nano-Desenli Safir Substrat ultraviyole Işık Yayan Diyotlar için

This protocol demonstrates a method for graphene-assisted quick growth and coalescence of AlN on nano-pattened sapphire substrate (NPSS). Graphene layers ...

In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy with Biasing and Fabrication of Asymmetric Crossbars Based on Mixed-Phased a-VOx

In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy with Biasing and Fabrication of Asymmetric Crossbars Based on Mixed-Phased a-VOx

Karışık Fazlı a -VOx'e Dayalı Asimetrik Çapraz Çubukların Önyargılı ve İmalatlı Yerinde İletim Elektron Mikroskopisi

Resistive switching crossbar architecture is highly desired in the field of digital memories due to low cost and high-density benefits. Different ...

Performing In Situ Closed-Cell Gas Reactions in the Transmission Electron Microscope

Performing In Situ Closed-Cell Gas Reactions in the Transmission Electron Microscope

İletim Elektron Mikroskobunda In Situ Kapalı Hücreli Gaz Reaksiyonlarının Gerçekleştirilmesi

Gas reactions studied by in situ electron microscopy can be used to capture the real-time morphological and microchemical transformations of materials at ...