Name: visualization and live imaging of oligodendrocyte organelles in organotypic brain slices using adeno-associated virus and confocal microscopy
Uploaded: 2017-10-23T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visualization and Live Imaging of Oligodendrocyte Organelles in Organotypic Brain Slices Using Adeno-associated Virus and Confocal Microscopy at JoVE.com

Vi takker Linda Hildegard Bergersen og Magnar Bjørås for adgang til celle lab og udstyr, Janelia Molekylærbiologi delt ressource personale for plasmid og virus produktion og Koen Vervaeke for bistand med laser power målinger. Dette arbejde blev finansieret af den norske Health Association, det norske Forskningsråd og mikroskopi udstyr blev finansieret af Norbrain.

de procedurer, der er beskrevet her er blevet godkendt af det norske dyr forskning myndighed. Leverandører og katalog numre nemlig forbrugsmaterialer og andre nødvendige udstyr er tilgængelige på listen materialer i slutningen af dokumentet.
 1. forberedelse af Organotypic skiver Bemærk: denne opskrift bruger to mus unger på postnatal dag 7-9 (p7-9), som giver 24 organotypic skiver opdelt på to seks-godt kultur retter. Medmindre andet er angivet, alle procedu...

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Protokol for at gøre organotypic kulturer beskrevet her er en modificeret udgave18 i protokollen beskrevet af De Simoni og Yu (2006)5. De vigtigste ændringer er blevet skitseret nedenfor. Tris buffer er føjet til næringssubstrat, som forbedrer overlevelsen af skiver når uden for inkubator under viral transduktion og ændring af celle-medium. Sterilisering procedure for konfetti er også ændret. Mens andre protokoller sterilisere konfetti ved autoklavering, vi ikke anb...

Hjernens hvide substans består af nerve celle axoner indpakket i myelin, et specialiseret udvidet plasmamembran dannet af oligodendrocytes. Myelin er behov for hurtig og pålidelig aktionspotentialet formering og langsigtede overlevelse af myelinerede axoner, og et tab af myelin kan forårsage neurologiske dysfunktion. Trods deres betydning, er egenskaberne for oligodendrocytes mindre kendt sammenlignet med neuroner og astrocytter. Derfor er færre værktøjer blevet udviklet for at studere oligodendrocytes.
Live imaging af celle organeller som mitokondrier, endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) eller forskellige vesikulære strukturer kan være nyttigt at undersøge dynamiske ændringer i organeller over tid. Billeddannelse af levende oligodendrocytes er traditionelt udført i monokulturer1,2. Men oligodendrocytes i monokultur Vis ikke kompakt myelin, og organotypic eller akut hjernen skiver kan derfor være en bedre løsning når man studerer lokalisering og bevægelse af organeller. Lokalisering af små organeller og proteiner i myelinskeden kan være udfordrende på grund af den korte afstand mellem myelinerede axon og de omkringliggende myelinskeden. Lys mikroskopiske immunfarvning procedurer alene har således ikke den rumlige opløsning til at diskriminere mellem organeller i myelinskeden og myelinerede axon. Dette kan løses ved viral transduktion med gener for organelle-målrettet fluorescerende proteiner drevet af celle typespecifikke initiativtagere. Fordelene er en celle-specifikke og sparsom udtryk, som muliggør nøjagtig vurdering af organelle lokalisering og dynamik. Transgene dyr kan også bruges til at opnå sådanne en organelle-målrettet celle-specifikke udtryk3. Men produktion og vedligeholdelse af transgene dyr er dyre og tilbyder normalt ikke den sparsomme udtryk, der kan opnås ved viral metoder.
Metoden beskrevet bruger her viral transduktion af oligodendrocytes med mitokondrie-målrettet fluorescerende proteiner (dsred eller grøn fluorescerende proteiner, normal god landbrugspraksis) drevet af myelin grundlæggende protein promoter (MBP-mito-dsred eller MBP-mito-NGL) at visualisere oligodendrocyte mitokondrier i organotypic hjerne skiver. Derudover er udtryk for en anden fluorescerende proteiner i cytoplasma (normal god landbrugspraksis bruges sammen med mito-dsred eller tdtomato bruges med mito-normal god landbrugspraksis) bruges til at aktivere visualisering af celle morfologi, herunder de cytoplasmatisk rum af myelinskeden. Protokollen omfatter proceduren for organotypic hjernen skiver (en modificeret version af protokollen, beskrevet af De Simoni og Yu, 20064,5). Vi derefter beskrive proceduren for time-lapse imaging for at studere mitokondrie bevægelse. Denne procedure bruger en opretstående Konfokal mikroskop med en løbende udveksling af billeddiagnostiske medium, en opsætning, der giver mulighed for nem anvendelse af narkotika eller andre mellemstore ændringer under imaging. Time-lapse imaging proceduren kan udføres på en Konfokal mikroskop, med nogle ekstra udstyr til at opretholde levende skiver som beskrevet nedenfor. Protokollen indeholder også flere tips til at optimere imaging og reducere fototoksicitet.
Endelig, en hurtig og enkel måde at visualisere unstained myelin ved Konfokal Reflektionsgraden mikroskopi (kerne) er beskrevet. Dette kan være nyttigt at identificere myelinskeden under live imaging. I de seneste år, flere teknikker er blevet udviklet til billede myelin uden nogen farvning kræves, men de fleste af disse kræver specifikke udstyr og ekspertise6,7,8. Proceduren beskrevet her bruger de reflekterende egenskaber af myelinskeden og er en forenklet single-excitation bølgelængde version spektrale Konfokal Reflektionsgraden mikroskopi (SCoRe, hvor flere laser bølgelængder er kombineret til at visualisere myelin) 9. coRe kan ske på enhver Konfokal mikroskop, der har en 488 nm laser og en 470-500 nm bandpass emission filter eller en afstemmelige emission filter.

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			<td height="36" style="height:36px;width:167px;">Agarose&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">A9539</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="54">
			<td height="54" style="height:54px;width:167px;">BD Microlance 19G</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">301500</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Needles used for in- and outlet of bath</td>
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		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:167px;">Bioxide gas</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">AGA</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">105701</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
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		<tr height="31">
			<td height="31" style="height:31px;width:167px;">Brand pipette bulbs</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Z615927</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Pipette bulbs</td>
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			<td height="50" style="height:50px;width:167px;">Bunsen burner (Liquid propane burner)</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">89038-530</td>
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			<td height="56" style="height:56px;width:167px;">Cable assembly for heater controllers</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Warner Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">64-0106&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Temperature controller - thermometer part</td>
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		<tr height="32">
			<td height="32" style="height:32px;width:167px;">CaCl2</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Fluka</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">21100</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
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			<td height="31" style="height:31px;width:167px;">CO2&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">AGA</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">100309</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">CO2 for incubator</td>
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		<tr height="89">
			<td height="89" style="height:89px;width:167px;">Cover glass, square Corning</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Thermo&#160; Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">13206778</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">To attach under bath for live imaging. Seal with glue or petrolium jelly.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="32">
			<td height="32" style="height:32px;width:167px;">D-(+)-Glucose</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">G7021</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:167px;">Delicate forceps</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Finescience</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">11063-07</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">For dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="30">
			<td height="30" style="height:30px;width:167px;">Diamond scriber pen</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Ted Pella Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">54463</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="73">
			<td height="73" style="height:73px;width:167px;">Disposable Glass Pasteur Pipettes 230 mm</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">612-1702</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Glass pipettes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="70">
			<td height="70" style="height:70px;width:167px;">Double edge stainless steel razor blade</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">#7200</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Razor blade for vibratome</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="52">
			<td height="52" style="height:52px;width:167px;">Earle&#39;s Balanced Salt Solution (EBSS)</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Gibco-Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">24010-043</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="70">
			<td height="70" style="height:70px;width:167px;">Filter paper circles</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Schleicher &#38; Schuell</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">300,220</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Filter paper used for filtration of PFA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="70">
			<td height="70" style="height:70px;width:167px;">Fun tack</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Loctite</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">1270884</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Use to connect/adjust position of in- and outlets in bath</td>
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			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:167px;">Hand towel C-Fold 2</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Katrin</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">344388</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
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		<tr height="121">
			<td height="121" style="height:121px;width:167px;">Harp, Flat for RC-41 Chamber,</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Warner Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">&#160;64-1418</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Harp to hold down confetti in bath. Cut off strings before use with organotypic slices. 1.5 mm, 13mm, SHD-41/15</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="30">
			<td height="30" style="height:30px;width:167px;">HEPES, FW: 260.3</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">H-7006</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="55">
			<td height="55" style="height:55px;width:167px;">Holten LaminAir, Model 1.2</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Heto-Holten</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">96004000M</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Laminar flow hood</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="56">
			<td height="56" style="height:56px;width:167px;">Horse serum, heat inactivated</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Gibco-Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">26050-088</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="32">
			<td height="32" style="height:32px;width:167px;">KCl</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">P9541</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="27">
			<td height="27" style="height:27px;width:167px;">LCR Membrane, PTFE,&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">FHLC0130</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Confetti&#160;</td>
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			<td height="36" style="height:36px;width:167px;">Leica VT1200</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">14048142065</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Vibratome</td>
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		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:167px;">MEM-Glutamax with HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Thermo&#160; Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">42360024</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:167px;">MgCl2</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">R.P. Normapur</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">25 108.295</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="70">
			<td height="70" style="height:70px;width:167px;">Micro Spoon Heyman Type B</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">62411-B</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Small, rounded spatula with sharpened end for dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:167px;">Millex-GP filter unit</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">SLGPM33RA</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Syringe filter unit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="59">
			<td height="59" style="height:59px;width:167px;">Millicell cell culture insert, 30 mm</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">PICM03050</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Cell culture inserts</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="90">
			<td height="90" style="height:90px;width:167px;">Minipuls 3 Speed Control Module</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">GILSON</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">F155001</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Peristaltic pump for live imaging - Control module part (connect to two-cannel head)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:167px;">Na2HPO4</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">S7907</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="31">
			<td height="31" style="height:31px;width:167px;">NaCl</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">S9888</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:167px;">NaH2PO4</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">S8282</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="36">
			<td height="36" style="height:36px;width:167px;">NaHCO3</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Fluka</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">71628</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="52">
			<td height="52" style="height:52px;width:167px;">Nunclon Delta Surface</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Thermo&#160; Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">140675</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Culture plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:167px;">Nystatin Suspension</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">N1638</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="93">
			<td height="93" style="height:93px;width:167px;">Objective W &#34;Plan-Apochromat&#34; 40x/1.0 DIC&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">441452-9900-000&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Water immersion objective used for live imaging. (WD=2.5mm), VIS-IR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:167px;">Parafilm</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">291-1211</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="70">
			<td height="70" style="height:70px;width:167px;">Paraformaldehyde, granular</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">#19208</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="49">
			<td height="49" style="height:49px;width:167px;">PC-R perfusion chamber</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">SiSkiYou</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">&#160;15280000E</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Bath for live imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="57">
			<td height="57" style="height:57px;width:167px;">Penicillin-Streptomycin, liquid</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">15070-063</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:167px;">Petri dish 140 mm&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Heger</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">1075</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Large Petri dish&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:167px;">Petri dish 92x16 mm&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sarstedt&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">82.1473</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Medium Petri dish&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="32">
			<td height="32" style="height:32px;width:167px;">Petridish 55x14,2 mm</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">391-0868</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Small Petri dish</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="57">
			<td height="57" style="height:57px;width:167px;">Phosphate buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">P4417</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">PBS tablets</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="70">
			<td height="70" style="height:70px;width:167px;">R2 Two Channel Head&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">GILSON</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">F117800</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Peristaltic pump for live imaging - Two channel head part (requires control module)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="61">
			<td height="61" style="height:61px;width:167px;">Round/Flat Spatulas, Stainless Steel</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">82027-528</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Large spatula for dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="70">
			<td height="70" style="height:70px;width:167px;">Sand paper</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">MMMA63119</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Optional, for smoothing broken glass pipettes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="70">
			<td height="70" style="height:70px;width:167px;">Scissors,&#160; 17,5 cm</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Finescience</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">14130-17</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Large scissors for dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="70">
			<td height="70" style="height:70px;width:167px;">Scissors, 8,5&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Finescience</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">14084-08</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Small, sharp scissors for&#160; dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="70">
			<td height="70" style="height:70px;width:167px;">Single edge, gem blade</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">#71972</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Single edge razor blade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="59">
			<td height="59" style="height:59px;width:167px;">Single inline solution heater SH-27B</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Warner Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">64-0102</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Temperature controller - heater part</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="57">
			<td height="57" style="height:57px;width:167px;">Steritop-GP Filter unit, 500 ml , 45mm</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">SCGPT05RE</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Filter to sterilize solutions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="37">
			<td height="37" style="height:37px;width:167px;">Super glue precision</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Loctite</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">1577386</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="56">
			<td height="56" style="height:56px;width:167px;">Surgical scalpel blade no. 22</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Swann Morton Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">209</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Rounded scalpel blade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="113">
			<td height="113" style="height:113px;width:167px;">Temperature controller TC324B</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Warner Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">64-0100</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Temperature controller for live imaging (requires solution heater and cable assembly)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:167px;">Trizma base</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">T1503</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="36">
			<td height="36" style="height:36px;width:167px;">Trizma HCl</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">T3253</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="62">
			<td height="62" style="height:62px;width:167px;">Water jacketed incubator series II</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Forma Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">78653-2882</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Incubator</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

visualization and live imaging of oligodendrocyte organelles in organotypic brain slices using adeno-associated virus and confocal microscopy

Neuroner stole på elektrisk isolering og trofiske støtte af myelinating oligodendrocytes. Trods vigtigheden af oligodendrocytes, har de avancerede værktøjer i øjeblikket brugt til at studere neuroner, kun delvist taget af oligodendrocyte forskere. Celle type-specifikke farvning af viral transduktion er en nyttig tilgang til at studere levende organelle dynamics. Dette papir beskriver en protokol til at visualisere oligodendrocyte mitokondrier i organotypic hjerne skiver af transduktion med adeno-associeret virus (AAV) bærer gener for mitokondrie målrettede fluorescerende proteiner under transcriptional kontrol myelin grundlæggende protein promotor. Det omfatter protokollen for at gøre organotypic koronale mus hjernen skiver. En procedure for time-lapse billeddannelse af mitokondrier derefter følger. Disse metoder kan overføres til andre organeller og kan være særligt nyttigt for at studere organeller i myelinskeden. Endelig, vi beskriver en let tilgængelige teknik til visualisering af unstained myelin i levende skiver af Konfokal Reflektionsgraden mikroskopi (kerne). CoRe kræver ingen ekstra udstyr og kan være nyttigt at identificere myelinskeden under live imaging.

Organotypic hjernen udsnit, der var kulturperler og transduced som beskrevet ovenfor viste en sparsom fordeling af kortikale oligodendrocytes udtrykker mito_dsred og normal god landbrugspraksis. Immunfarvning med antistoffer mod Olig2 og MBP bekræftede, at udtrykket var specifikke for oligodendrocytes (figur 1).
Live imaging, blev transduced oligodendrocytes anerkendt ved deres karakteristiske morf...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visualization and Live Imaging of Oligodendrocyte Organelles in Organotypic Brain Slices Using Adeno-associated Virus and Confocal Microscopy at JoVE.com

Visualization and Live Imaging of Oligodendrocyte Organelles in Organotypic Brain Slices Using Adeno-associated Virus and Confocal Microscopy

Myelinating oligodendrocytes fremme hurtig aktionspotentialet formering og neuronal overlevelse. Beskrevet her er en protokol til oligodendrocyte-specifikke udtryk af fluorescerende proteiner i organotypic hjerne skiver med efterfølgende time-lapse billeddannelse. Derudover præsenteres en enkel procedure til at visualisere unstained myelin.

Visualisering og Live Imaging af Oligodendrocyte organeller i Organotypic hjerne skiver ved hjælp af Adeno-associeret Virus og konfokal mikroskopi

Neurons rely on the electric insulation and trophic support of myelinating oligodendrocytes. Despite the importance of oligodendrocytes, the advanced ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Functional Neuroimaging Using Ultrasonic Blood-brain Barrier Disruption and Manganese-enhanced MRI

Funktionel Neuroimaging Med Ultrasonic blod-hjerne barrieren forstyrrelser og mangan-forstærket MRI

Although mice are the dominant model system for studying the genetic and molecular underpinnings of neuroscience, functional neuroimaging in mice remains ...

Visualization and Genetic Manipulation of Dendrites and Spines in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus using In utero Electroporation

Visualization and Genetic Manipulation of Dendrites and Spines in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus using In utero Electroporation

Visualisering og genetisk manipulering af dendritter og udløberne i mus cerebrale cortex og hippocampus under anvendelse<em&gt; I utero</em&gt; Elektroporation

In utero electroporation (IUE) has become a powerful technique to study the development of different regions of the embryonic nervous system 1-5. To date ...

Organotypic Slice Cultures to Study Oligodendrocyte Dynamics and Myelination

Organotypiske skivekulturer at studere oligodendrocyt Dynamics og myelinering

NG2 expressing cells (polydendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells) are the fourth major glial cell population in the central nervous system. During ...

Paired Whole Cell Recordings in Organotypic Hippocampal Slices

Forbundne Helcelle optagelser i Organotypiske hippocampusskiver

Pair recordings involve simultaneous whole cell patch clamp recordings from two synaptically connected neurons, enabling not only direct ...

Regioselective Biolistic Targeting in Organotypic Brain Slices Using a Modified Gene Gun

Regioselektiv Biolistic Målretning i organotypisk Brain Skiver anvendelse af en modificeret genpistol

Transfection of DNA has been invaluable for biological sciences and with recent advances to organotypic brain slice preparations, the effect of various ...

Subpial Adeno-associated Virus 9 (AAV9) Vector Delivery in Adult Mice

Subpial Adeno-associated Virus 9 AAV9 Vector Delivery in Adult Mice

Subpiel Adeno-associeret Virus 9 (AAV9) Vector Levering i Voksne Mus

The successful development of a subpial adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) vector delivery technique in adult rats and pigs has been reported on previously. ...

Time-lapse Confocal Imaging of Migrating Neurons in Organotypic Slice Culture of Embryonic Mouse Brain Using In Utero Electroporation

Time-lapse Confocal Imaging of Migrating Neurons in Organotypic Slice Culture of Embryonic Mouse Brain Using In Utero Electroporation

Time-lapse konfokal billeddannelse af migrerende neuroner i organotypisk skive kultur af embryonale mus hjernen ved hjælp af<em&gt; I Utero</em&gt; Elektroporation

In utero electroporation is a rapid and powerful approach to study the process of radial migration in the cerebral cortex of developing mouse embryos. It ...

Adeno-associated Virus-mediated Transgene Expression in Genetically Defined Neurons of the Spinal Cord

Adeno-associeret Virus-medieret transgen udtryk i genetisk definerede neuroner i rygmarven

Selective manipulation of spinal neuronal subpopulations has mainly been achieved by two different methods: 1) Intersectional genetics, whereby double or ...

Production, Purification, and Quality Control for Adeno-associated Virus-based Vectors

Produktion, oprensning og kvalitetskontrol for Adeno-associeret Virus-baseret vektorer

Gene delivery tools based on adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are a popular choice for the delivery of transgenes to the central nervous system (CNS), ...

Imaging of Intracellular ATP in Organotypic Tissue Slices of the Mouse Brain using the FRET-based Sensor ATeam1.03YEMK

Imaging of Intracellular ATP in Organotypic Tissue Slices of the Mouse Brain using the FRET-based Sensor ATeam1.03YEMK

Imaging af intracellulære ATP i Organotypic væv skiver af muse hjernen ved hjælp af FRET-baseret sensor ATeam 1,03Yemk

Neuronal activity in the central nervous system (CNS) evokes a high demand on cellular energy provided by the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). A ...