Name: visualization and live imaging of oligodendrocyte organelles in organotypic brain slices using adeno-associated virus and confocal microscopy
Uploaded: 2017-10-23T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visualization and Live Imaging of Oligodendrocyte Organelles in Organotypic Brain Slices Using Adeno-associated Virus and Confocal Microscopy at JoVE.com

Vi takker Linda Hildegard Bergersen og Magnar Bjørås for tilgang til celle lab og utstyr, Janelia molekylærbiologi delt ressurs personale for plasmider og virus produksjon og Koen Vervaeke for hjelp med laser makt målinger. Dette arbeidet ble finansiert av norsk helse Association, Norges forskningsråd og mikroskopi utstyret ble finansiert av Norbrain.

prosedyrene som er beskrevet her er godkjent av den norske dyr forskning. Leverandører og katalogfilene tall for forbruksvarer og andre nødvendige utstyr er tilgjengelige i listen materialer på slutten av dokumentet.
 1. forberedelse av Organotypic skiver Merk: denne oppskriften bruker to mus pups på postnatal dag 7-9 (p7-9), som gir 24 organotypic skiver fordelt på to seks-brønnen retter. Ikke annet er angitt, alle prosedyrer bør gjøres i sterilt hette og n...

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Protokollen for å gjøre organotypic kulturer beskrevet her er en modifisert versjon18 av protokollen beskrevet av De Simoni og Yu (2006)5. De viktigste endringene er skissert nedenfor. Tris buffer legges til kultur medium, som forbedrer overlevelse sektorene utenfor inkubator under viral signaltransduksjon og endre cellen medium. Steriliseringsprosess for konfetti også endret. Mens andre protokoller sterilisere konfetti av autoklavering, anbefaler vi ikke dette fordi det...

Hjernens hvit substans består av nerve celle axons innpakket i myelin, en spesialisert utvidet plasma membran av oligodendrocytes. Myelin kreves for rask og pålitelig handling potensial forplantning og langsiktige overlevelse av myelinated axons, og tap av myelin kan forårsake Nevrologisk dysfunction. Til tross for deres betydning, er egenskapene til oligodendrocytes mindre kjent sammenlignet med neurons og astrocyttene. Derfor har færre verktøy blitt utviklet for å studere oligodendrocytes.
Live bildebehandling av cellen organelles som mitokondrier, endoplasmatic retikulum (ER) eller annen vesicula strukturer kan være nyttig å studere dynamiske endringer i organeller over tid. Tradisjonelt blitt avbilding av levende oligodendrocytes utført i monokulturer1,2. Men oligodendrocytes i monokultur vises ikke kompakt myelin, og organotypic eller akutt hjerne stykker kan derfor være et bedre alternativ når studere lokalisering og bevegelse av organeller. Lokalisering av små organeller og proteiner i myelin-skjeden kan være utfordrende på grunn av den korte avstanden mellom myelinated axon og omkringliggende myelin-skjeden. Dermed har ikke lys mikroskopiske immunostai-prosedyrer alene romlig oppløsning å forskjellsbehandle organeller i myelin-skjeden og de myelinated axon. Dette kan løses ved viral signaltransduksjon med gener for organelle målrettede fluorescerende proteiner drevet av celle type-spesifikk arrangører. Fordelene er en celle-spesifikke og sparsom uttrykk, som muliggjør nøyaktig vurdering av organelle lokalisering og dynamikk. Transgene dyr kan også brukes til å oppnå slike en organelle målrettede celle-spesifikke uttrykk3. Men produksjon og vedlikehold av transgene dyr er dyre og vanligvis tilbyr ikke sparsommelig uttrykket oppnås ved viral metoder.
Metoden beskrevet bruker her viral Albin på oligodendrocytes med mitokondrie målrettede fluorescerende proteiner (dsred eller grønn fluorescerende protein, GFP) drevet av myelin basic protein selskapet (MBP-mito-dsred eller MBP-mito-GFP) for å visualisere oligodendrocyte mitokondrier i organotypic hjernen skiver. I tillegg brukes uttrykk for en annen fluorescerende protein i cytoplasma (GFP sammen med mito-dsred eller tdtomato med mito-GFP) til å aktivere visualisering av cellen morfologi, inkludert cytoplasmatiske seksjonene av myelin-skjeden. Protokollen inneholder fremgangsmåten for å gjøre organotypic hjernen skiver (en modifisert versjon av protokollen som De Simoni og Yu, 20064,5). Vi beskriver time-lapse tenkelig prosedyren for å studere mitokondrie bevegelse. Denne fremgangsmåten bruker en oppreist AC confocal mikroskop med en kontinuerlig utveksling av tenkelig medium, et oppsett som muliggjør enkel bruk av narkotika eller andre mellomstore endringer under bildebehandling. Time-lapse tenkelig prosedyren kan utføres på alle AC confocal mikroskop, noe ekstra utstyr for å opprettholde levende skiver som beskrevet nedenfor. Protokollen inneholder også flere tips for å optimalisere bildebehandling og redusere Phototoksisitet.
Til slutt, en rask og enkel måte å visualisere unstained kvinne myelin ved AC Confocal refleksjon mikroskopi (kjerne) er beskrevet. Dette kan være nyttig for å identifisere myelin-skjeden under live bildebehandling. De siste årene, flere teknikker har blitt utviklet til bildet myelin uten noen flekker nødvendig, men de fleste av disse krever bestemte6,7,8-med utstyr og ekspertise. Fremgangsmåten som er beskrevet her reflekterende egenskapene for myelin-skjeden og er en forenklet single-eksitasjon bølgelengde versjon av Spectral AC Confocal refleksjon mikroskopi (SCoRe, der flere laser bølgelengder kombineres for å visualisere myelin) 9. kjernen kan gjøres på noen AC confocal mikroskop som har 488 nm laser og en 470-500 nm Båndpassdesign utslipp filter eller filtere tunable utslipp.

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			<td height="36" style="height:36px;width:167px;">Agarose&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">A9539</td>
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			<td height="54" style="height:54px;width:167px;">BD Microlance 19G</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">301500</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Needles used for in- and outlet of bath</td>
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		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:167px;">Bioxide gas</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">AGA</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">105701</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
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			<td height="31" style="height:31px;width:167px;">Brand pipette bulbs</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Z615927</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Pipette bulbs</td>
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			<td height="50" style="height:50px;width:167px;">Bunsen burner (Liquid propane burner)</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">89038-530</td>
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			<td height="56" style="height:56px;width:167px;">Cable assembly for heater controllers</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Warner Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">64-0106&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Temperature controller - thermometer part</td>
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		<tr height="32">
			<td height="32" style="height:32px;width:167px;">CaCl2</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Fluka</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">21100</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
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		<tr height="31">
			<td height="31" style="height:31px;width:167px;">CO2&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">AGA</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">100309</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">CO2 for incubator</td>
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		<tr height="89">
			<td height="89" style="height:89px;width:167px;">Cover glass, square Corning</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Thermo&#160; Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">13206778</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">To attach under bath for live imaging. Seal with glue or petrolium jelly.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="32">
			<td height="32" style="height:32px;width:167px;">D-(+)-Glucose</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">G7021</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
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		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:167px;">Delicate forceps</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Finescience</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">11063-07</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">For dissection</td>
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		<tr height="30">
			<td height="30" style="height:30px;width:167px;">Diamond scriber pen</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Ted Pella Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">54463</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
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		<tr height="73">
			<td height="73" style="height:73px;width:167px;">Disposable Glass Pasteur Pipettes 230 mm</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">612-1702</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Glass pipettes</td>
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		<tr height="70">
			<td height="70" style="height:70px;width:167px;">Double edge stainless steel razor blade</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">#7200</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Razor blade for vibratome</td>
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		<tr height="52">
			<td height="52" style="height:52px;width:167px;">Earle&#39;s Balanced Salt Solution (EBSS)</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Gibco-Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">24010-043</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
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		<tr height="70">
			<td height="70" style="height:70px;width:167px;">Filter paper circles</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Schleicher &#38; Schuell</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">300,220</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Filter paper used for filtration of PFA</td>
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			<td height="70" style="height:70px;width:167px;">Fun tack</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Loctite</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">1270884</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Use to connect/adjust position of in- and outlets in bath</td>
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			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:167px;">Hand towel C-Fold 2</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Katrin</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">344388</td>
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		<tr height="121">
			<td height="121" style="height:121px;width:167px;">Harp, Flat for RC-41 Chamber,</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Warner Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">&#160;64-1418</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Harp to hold down confetti in bath. Cut off strings before use with organotypic slices. 1.5 mm, 13mm, SHD-41/15</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="30">
			<td height="30" style="height:30px;width:167px;">HEPES, FW: 260.3</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">H-7006</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="55">
			<td height="55" style="height:55px;width:167px;">Holten LaminAir, Model 1.2</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Heto-Holten</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">96004000M</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Laminar flow hood</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="56">
			<td height="56" style="height:56px;width:167px;">Horse serum, heat inactivated</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Gibco-Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">26050-088</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="32">
			<td height="32" style="height:32px;width:167px;">KCl</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">P9541</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
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		<tr height="27">
			<td height="27" style="height:27px;width:167px;">LCR Membrane, PTFE,&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">FHLC0130</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Confetti&#160;</td>
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			<td height="36" style="height:36px;width:167px;">Leica VT1200</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">14048142065</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Vibratome</td>
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		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:167px;">MEM-Glutamax with HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Thermo&#160; Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">42360024</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:167px;">MgCl2</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">R.P. Normapur</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">25 108.295</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="70">
			<td height="70" style="height:70px;width:167px;">Micro Spoon Heyman Type B</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">62411-B</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Small, rounded spatula with sharpened end for dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:167px;">Millex-GP filter unit</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">SLGPM33RA</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Syringe filter unit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="59">
			<td height="59" style="height:59px;width:167px;">Millicell cell culture insert, 30 mm</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">PICM03050</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Cell culture inserts</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="90">
			<td height="90" style="height:90px;width:167px;">Minipuls 3 Speed Control Module</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">GILSON</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">F155001</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Peristaltic pump for live imaging - Control module part (connect to two-cannel head)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:167px;">Na2HPO4</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">S7907</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="31">
			<td height="31" style="height:31px;width:167px;">NaCl</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">S9888</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:167px;">NaH2PO4</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">S8282</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="36">
			<td height="36" style="height:36px;width:167px;">NaHCO3</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Fluka</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">71628</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="52">
			<td height="52" style="height:52px;width:167px;">Nunclon Delta Surface</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Thermo&#160; Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">140675</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Culture plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:167px;">Nystatin Suspension</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">N1638</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="93">
			<td height="93" style="height:93px;width:167px;">Objective W &#34;Plan-Apochromat&#34; 40x/1.0 DIC&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">441452-9900-000&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Water immersion objective used for live imaging. (WD=2.5mm), VIS-IR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:167px;">Parafilm</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">291-1211</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="70">
			<td height="70" style="height:70px;width:167px;">Paraformaldehyde, granular</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">#19208</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="49">
			<td height="49" style="height:49px;width:167px;">PC-R perfusion chamber</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">SiSkiYou</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">&#160;15280000E</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Bath for live imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="57">
			<td height="57" style="height:57px;width:167px;">Penicillin-Streptomycin, liquid</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">15070-063</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:167px;">Petri dish 140 mm&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Heger</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">1075</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Large Petri dish&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:167px;">Petri dish 92x16 mm&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sarstedt&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">82.1473</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Medium Petri dish&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="32">
			<td height="32" style="height:32px;width:167px;">Petridish 55x14,2 mm</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">391-0868</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Small Petri dish</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="57">
			<td height="57" style="height:57px;width:167px;">Phosphate buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">P4417</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">PBS tablets</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="70">
			<td height="70" style="height:70px;width:167px;">R2 Two Channel Head&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">GILSON</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">F117800</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Peristaltic pump for live imaging - Two channel head part (requires control module)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="61">
			<td height="61" style="height:61px;width:167px;">Round/Flat Spatulas, Stainless Steel</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">82027-528</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Large spatula for dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="70">
			<td height="70" style="height:70px;width:167px;">Sand paper</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">MMMA63119</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Optional, for smoothing broken glass pipettes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="70">
			<td height="70" style="height:70px;width:167px;">Scissors,&#160; 17,5 cm</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Finescience</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">14130-17</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Large scissors for dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="70">
			<td height="70" style="height:70px;width:167px;">Scissors, 8,5&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Finescience</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">14084-08</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Small, sharp scissors for&#160; dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="70">
			<td height="70" style="height:70px;width:167px;">Single edge, gem blade</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">#71972</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Single edge razor blade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="59">
			<td height="59" style="height:59px;width:167px;">Single inline solution heater SH-27B</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Warner Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">64-0102</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Temperature controller - heater part</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="57">
			<td height="57" style="height:57px;width:167px;">Steritop-GP Filter unit, 500 ml , 45mm</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">SCGPT05RE</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Filter to sterilize solutions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="37">
			<td height="37" style="height:37px;width:167px;">Super glue precision</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Loctite</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">1577386</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="56">
			<td height="56" style="height:56px;width:167px;">Surgical scalpel blade no. 22</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Swann Morton Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">209</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Rounded scalpel blade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="113">
			<td height="113" style="height:113px;width:167px;">Temperature controller TC324B</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Warner Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">64-0100</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Temperature controller for live imaging (requires solution heater and cable assembly)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:167px;">Trizma base</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">T1503</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="36">
			<td height="36" style="height:36px;width:167px;">Trizma HCl</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">T3253</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="62">
			<td height="62" style="height:62px;width:167px;">Water jacketed incubator series II</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Forma Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">78653-2882</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Incubator</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

visualization and live imaging of oligodendrocyte organelles in organotypic brain slices using adeno-associated virus and confocal microscopy

Neurons er avhengige av den elektrisk isolasjon og trophic støtte av myelinating oligodendrocytes. Til tross for betydningen av oligodendrocytes, blitt de avanserte verktøyene som brukes til å studere neurons, bare delvis tatt på av oligodendrocyte forskere. Celle type-spesifikk farging av viral signaltransduksjon er en nyttig tilnærming å studere live organelle dynamics. Dette dokumentet beskriver en protokoll for å visualisere oligodendrocyte mitokondrier i organotypic hjernen skiver av signaltransduksjon med adeno-assosiert virus (AAV) bærer gener for mitokondrie målrettet fluorescerende proteiner under transcriptional kontroll myelin basic protein arrangøren. Det inkluderer protokollen for å gjøre organotypic koronale musen hjernen skiver. En prosedyre for tidsinnstilt bildebehandling av mitokondrier deretter følger. Disse metodene kan overføres til andre og kan være spesielt nyttig for å studere organeller i myelin-skjeden. Til slutt, beskriver vi en lett tilgjengelig teknikk for visualisering av unstained kvinne myelin i levende skiver av AC Confocal refleksjon mikroskopi (kjernen). Kjernen krever ingen ekstra utstyr og kan være nyttig å identifisere myelin-skjeden under live bildebehandling.

Organotypic hjernen skiver som var kultivert og transduced som beskrevet ovenfor viste en sparsom fordeling av kortikale oligodendrocytes uttrykke mito_dsred og GFP. Immunostaining med antistoffer mot Olig2 og MBP bekreftet at uttrykket var spesifikke for oligodendrocytes (figur 1).
For live bildebehandling, ble transduced oligodendrocytes anerkjent av sine karakteristiske morfologi av flere myelin ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visualization and Live Imaging of Oligodendrocyte Organelles in Organotypic Brain Slices Using Adeno-associated Virus and Confocal Microscopy at JoVE.com

Visualization and Live Imaging of Oligodendrocyte Organelles in Organotypic Brain Slices Using Adeno-associated Virus and Confocal Microscopy

Myelinating oligodendrocytes fremme rask action potensial forplantning og neuronal overlevelse. Beskrevet her er en protokoll for oligodendrocyte-spesifikke uttrykk for fluorescerende proteiner i organotypic hjernen skiver med påfølgende tidsinnstilt bildebehandling. Videre, en enkel prosedyre for å visualisere unstained kvinne myelin presenteres.

Visualisering og Live bildebehandling av Oligodendrocyte Organelles i Organotypic hjernen skiver Adeno-assosiert Virus og AC Confocal mikroskopi

Neurons rely on the electric insulation and trophic support of myelinating oligodendrocytes. Despite the importance of oligodendrocytes, the advanced ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Functional Neuroimaging Using Ultrasonic Blood-brain Barrier Disruption and Manganese-enhanced MRI

Funksjonell Bildediagnostiske Bruke Ultrasonic blod-hjerne barrieren avbrudd og mangan forbedret MR

Although mice are the dominant model system for studying the genetic and molecular underpinnings of neuroscience, functional neuroimaging in mice remains ...

Visualization and Genetic Manipulation of Dendrites and Spines in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus using In utero Electroporation

Visualization and Genetic Manipulation of Dendrites and Spines in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus using In utero Electroporation

Visualisering og genetisk manipulering av dendritter og pigger i Mus hjernebarken og hippocampus hjelp<em&gt; I fosterlivet</em&gt; Electroporation

In utero electroporation (IUE) has become a powerful technique to study the development of different regions of the embryonic nervous system 1-5. To date ...

Organotypic Slice Cultures to Study Oligodendrocyte Dynamics and Myelination

Organotypic skive kulturer til å studere oligodendrocyte Dynamics og myelinisering

NG2 expressing cells (polydendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells) are the fourth major glial cell population in the central nervous system. During ...

Paired Whole Cell Recordings in Organotypic Hippocampal Slices

Sammenkoblede hele cellen Recordings i organotypic hippocampus Slices

Pair recordings involve simultaneous whole cell patch clamp recordings from two synaptically connected neurons, enabling not only direct ...

Regioselective Biolistic Targeting in Organotypic Brain Slices Using a Modified Gene Gun

Regioselektiv Biolistic Targeting i organotypic Brain Slices Ved hjelp av en modifisert Gene Gun

Transfection of DNA has been invaluable for biological sciences and with recent advances to organotypic brain slice preparations, the effect of various ...

Subpial Adeno-associated Virus 9 (AAV9) Vector Delivery in Adult Mice

Subpial Adeno-associated Virus 9 AAV9 Vector Delivery in Adult Mice

Subpial Adeno-assosiert Virus 9 (AAV9) Vector Levering i voksne mus

The successful development of a subpial adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) vector delivery technique in adult rats and pigs has been reported on previously. ...

Time-lapse Confocal Imaging of Migrating Neurons in Organotypic Slice Culture of Embryonic Mouse Brain Using In Utero Electroporation

Time-lapse Confocal Imaging of Migrating Neurons in Organotypic Slice Culture of Embryonic Mouse Brain Using In Utero Electroporation

Time-lapse Confocal Imaging av Migrating Neurons i Organotypic Slice Kultur av Embryonic Mouse Brain Using<em&gt; I Utero</em&gt; Elektroporasjon

In utero electroporation is a rapid and powerful approach to study the process of radial migration in the cerebral cortex of developing mouse embryos. It ...

Adeno-associated Virus-mediated Transgene Expression in Genetically Defined Neurons of the Spinal Cord

Adeno-assosiert Virus-mediert Transgene uttrykk i genetisk definerte nerveceller i ryggmargen

Selective manipulation of spinal neuronal subpopulations has mainly been achieved by two different methods: 1) Intersectional genetics, whereby double or ...

Production, Purification, and Quality Control for Adeno-associated Virus-based Vectors

Produksjon, rensing og kvalitetskontroll for Adeno-assosiert Virus-basert vektorer

Gene delivery tools based on adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are a popular choice for the delivery of transgenes to the central nervous system (CNS), ...

Imaging of Intracellular ATP in Organotypic Tissue Slices of the Mouse Brain using the FRET-based Sensor ATeam1.03YEMK

Imaging of Intracellular ATP in Organotypic Tissue Slices of the Mouse Brain using the FRET-based Sensor ATeam1.03YEMK

Imaging av intracellulære ATP i Organotypic tissue skiver av Mouse Brain ved hjelp av bånd-basert sensor ATeam 1.03YEMK

Neuronal activity in the central nervous system (CNS) evokes a high demand on cellular energy provided by the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). A ...