Name: transcranial electrical brain stimulation in alert rodents
Uploaded: 2017-11-02T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Transcranial Electrical Brain Stimulation in Alert Rodents at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af den tyske Forskningsfonds (DFG RE 2740/3-1). Vi takker Frank Huethe og Thomas Günther for egenproduktion af skræddersyede tES set-up og DC-stimulator.

for forskning, der involverer dyr, de relevante (land-specifikke) godkendelser skal indhentes før du starter eksperimenter. Alle dyreforsøg rapporteret her udføres ifølge EU direktiv 2010/63/EU, den opdaterede tyske dyreværnslovgivning (&#34; Tierschutzgesetz &#34;) i juli 2013, og de opdaterede tyske dyreforskning forordninger af August 2013. Animalske protokoller er blevet godkendt af de lokale myndigheder &#34; Kommissionen for dyr eksperimenter af de regionale råd Freiburg &#34; og &#34; Kommissionen for dyr e...

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V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anodal+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+boosts+synaptic+plasticity+and+memory+in+mice+via+epigenetic+regulation+of+Bdnf+expression.">Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation boosts synaptic plasticity and memory in mice via epigenetic regulation of Bdnf expression.</a> Sci Rep. 6, 22180 (2016).</li><li>Reis, J., Fritsch, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modulation+of+motor+performance+and+motor+learning+by+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation.">Modulation of motor performance and motor learning by transcranial direct current stimulation.</a> Curr opin Neurology. 24 (6), 590-596 (2011).</li><li>Buch, E. 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K., Reis, J., Fritsch, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glia:+A+Neglected+Player+in+Non-invasive+Direct+Current+Brain+Stimulation.">Glia: A Neglected Player in Non-invasive Direct Current Brain Stimulation.</a> Front Cell Neurosci. 10, 188 (2016).</li><li>Takano, Y., Yokawa, T., Masuda, A., Niimi, J., Tanaka, S., Hironaka, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+rat+model+for+measuring+the+effectiveness+of+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+using+fMRI.">A rat model for measuring the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation using fMRI.</a> Neurosci Lett. 491 (1), 40-43 (2011).</li><li>Islam, N., Moriwaki, A., Hattori, Y., Hori, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anodal+polarization+induces+protein+kinase+C+gamma+(PKC+gamma)-like+immunoreactivity+in+the+rat+cerebral+cortex.">Anodal polarization induces protein kinase C gamma (PKC gamma)-like immunoreactivity in the rat cerebral cortex.</a> Neurosci Res. 21, 169-172 (1994).</li><li>Islam, N., Aftabuddin, M., Moriwaki, A., Hattori, Y., Hori, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increase+in+the+calcium+level+following+anodal+polarization+in+the+rat+brain.">Increase in the calcium level following anodal polarization in the rat brain.</a> Brain Res. 684 (2), 206-208 (1995).</li><li>Rohan, J. G., Carhuatanta, K. A., McInturf, S. M., Miklasevich, M. K., Jankord, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modulating+Hippocampal+Plasticity+with+In+Vivo+Brain+Stimulation.">Modulating Hippocampal Plasticity with In Vivo Brain Stimulation.</a> J Neurosci. 35 (37), 12824-12832 (2015).</li><li>Wachter, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+induces+polarity-specific+changes+of+cortical+blood+perfusion+in+the+rat.">Transcranial direct current stimulation induces polarity-specific changes of cortical blood perfusion in the rat.</a> Exp Neurol. 227 (2), 322-327 (2011).</li><li>Koo, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=After-effects+of+anodal+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+on+the+excitability+of+the+motor+cortex+in+rats.">After-effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on the excitability of the motor cortex in rats.</a> Rest Neurol Neurosci. 34 (5), 859-868 (2016).</li><li>Liebetanz, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=After-effects+of+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+(tDCS)+on+cortical+spreading+depression.">After-effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cortical spreading depression.</a> Neurosci Lett. 398 (1-2), 85-90 (2006).</li><li>Fregni, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+coupled+with+repetitive+electrical+stimulation+on+cortical+spreading+depression.">Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation coupled with repetitive electrical stimulation on cortical spreading depression.</a> Exp Neurol. 204 (1), 462-466 (2007).</li><li>Cambiaghi, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flash+visual+evoked+potentials+in+mice+can+be+modulated+by+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation.">Flash visual evoked potentials in mice can be modulated by transcranial direct current stimulation.</a> Neurosci. 185, 161-165 (2011).</li><li>Dockery, C. 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A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Beyond+the+silence:+Bilateral+somatosensory+stimulation+enhances+skilled+movement+quality+and+neural+density+in+intact+behaving+rats.">Beyond the silence: Bilateral somatosensory stimulation enhances skilled movement quality and neural density in intact behaving rats.</a> Behav Brain Res. 253, 78-89 (2013).</li><li>Pikhovych, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcranial+Direct+Current+Stimulation+Modulates+Neurogenesis+and+Microglia+Activation+in+the+Mouse+Brain.">Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Modulates Neurogenesis and Microglia Activation in the Mouse Brain.</a> Stem Cells In. , 1-10 (2016).</li><li>Rueger, M. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multi-session+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+(tDCS)+elicits+inflammatory+and+regenerative+processes+in+the+rat+brain.">Multi-session transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) elicits inflammatory and regenerative processes in the rat brain.</a> PloS one. 7 (8), e43776 (2012).</li><li>Liebetanz, D., Koch, R., Mayenfels, S., K&#246;nig, F., Paulus, W., Nitsche, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Safety+limits+of+cathodal+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+in+rats.">Safety limits of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation in rats.</a> Clinical Neurophysiol. 120 (6), 1161-1167 (2009).</li><li>Yoon, K. J., Oh, B. -. M., Kim, D. -. 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Denne protokol beskriver typiske materialer og proceduremæssige skridt for kirurgisk realiseringen af et permanent tES set-up og efterfølgende stimulation i alert gnavere. Under forberedelse af en gnaver tES eksperimentere, flere metodologiske aspekter (sikkerheden og tolerabiliteten af tES, resultatet parameter) samt begrebsmæssige aspekter (sammenlignelighed med menneskelige tilstand, forventede effekter af stimulation på en bestemt hjerne regionen) skal tages i betragtning. Fra et metodologisk synspunkt er den kir...

Transkranial administration af elektriske strømme til hjernen (tES) har været anvendt i årtier, til at studere hjernefunktion og ændre adfærd. For nylig, anvende direkte strøm, eller mindre hyppigt skiftende strøm (TAC'er og tRNS), noninvasively gennem intakt kraniet ved brug af to eller flere elektroder (anode(s) og cathode(s)) har fået videnskabelige og kliniske interesse. Især TDC'er har været brugt i mere end 33,200 sessioner i raske forsøgspersoner og patienter med neuropsykiatriske sygdomme og er opstået som en sikker og let, omkostningseffektiv sengelamper ansøgning, med mulige terapeutiske potentiale samt langvarig adfærdsmæssige virkninger1. Dette gav klart øget behov og videnskabelig interesse i Mekanistiske undersøgelser, herunder sikkerhedsaspekterne. Denne artikel fokuserer på de mest almindeligt anvendte form for stimulering, TDC'er.
På tværs af arter modulerer TDC'er kortikal ophidselse og synaptisk plasticitet. Ophidselse ændringer er blevet rapporteret som polaritet-afhængige ændring af spontan neuronal fyring sats i rotter og katte2,3,4, eller ændringer i motor evoked potentielle (MEP) amplituder i mennesker og mus ( både øget efter anodal og nedsat efter cathodal TDC'er: menneskelige5,6; musen7). Anodal DCS forøget synaptisk effekten af motor kortikale eller hippocampus synapser i vitro i flere timer efter stimulation eller lang sigt potensering (LTP), hvornår samarbejde anvendes med en specifik svage synaptic input, eller når det gives før en plasticitet inducerende stimulation8,9,10,11,12. I overensstemmelse, er fordelene ved stimulation på motor eller kognitiv træning succes ofte afslørede kun hvis TDC'er anvendes sammen med uddannelse8,13,14,15. Mens disse tidligere resultater er hovedsagelig tilskrives funktioner af neuroner, skal det bemærkes, at ikke-neuronale celler (glia) kan også bidrage til funktionelle virkninger af TDC'er. For eksempel steg astrocytic intracellulære calcium niveauer i anodal TDC'er i alert mus16. Ligeledes induceret anodal TDC'er på strømtætheder tærsklen for neurodegeneration en dosis afhængige aktivering af mikroglia17. Graduering af neuron-glia interaktion af TDC'er skal dog yderligere særlige undersøgelser.
Taget sammen, animalsk forskning avanceret klart vores forståelse af TDC'er modulerende effekt på ophidselse og plasticitet. Der er dog en "inverse" translationel "hul" observerbare i den eksponentielle stigning i publikationer af menneskelige TDC'er undersøgelser i modsætning til den langsomme og mindre stigning i undersøgelser af de underliggende mekanismer af tES i in vitro- og in vivo dyremodeller. Derudover gnaver tES modeller er udført med høj variation på tværs af forskningslaboratorier (lige fra transdermal til epicranial stimulation), og rapporterede stimulation procedurer er ofte ikke helt gennemsigtige hindre sammenlignelighed og Replicability af grundlæggende forskningsdata samt fortolkning af resultater.
Her, beskriver vi i detaljer den kirurgiske gennemførelsen af en transkranial brain stimulation set-up rettet mod den primære motor cortex, som giver mulighed for oversættelse til den menneskelige TDC'er betingelse samtidig minimere variabilitet, og tillader gentagne stimulation uden hindrer adfærd. En trinvis protokol for efterfølgende tES i alert rotter er leveret. Metodologiske og begrebsmæssige aspekter af sikker anvendelse af tES i alert gnavere er drøftet.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Softasept N</td>
			<td>B. Braun Melsungen AG, 
			Melsungen, Deutschland</td>
			<td>3887138</td>
			<td>antiseptic agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol 70 %</td>
			<td>Carl Roth GmbH &#38; Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Deutschland</td>
			<td>T913.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>arched tip forceps</td>
			<td>FST Fine science tools, Heidelberg, Deutschland</td>
			<td>11071-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iris Forceps, 10cm, Straight, Serrated</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments, Inc, Sarasota, FL, USA, Inc, Sarasota, FL, USA</td>
			<td>15914</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel Handle #3, 13cm</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments, Inc, Sarasota, FL, USA, Inc, Sarasota, FL, USA</td>
			<td>500236</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standard Scalpel Blade #10</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments, Inc, Sarasota, FL, USA, Inc, Sarasota, FL, USA</td>
			<td>500239</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zelletten cellulose swabs</td>
			<td>Lohmann und Rauscher, Neuwied, Deutschland</td>
			<td>13349</td>
			<td>5 x 4 cm&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>AbbVie Deutschland GmbH &#38; Co</td>
			<td>N01AB06</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iris Scissors, 11.5cm, Straight</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments, Inc, Sarasota, FL, USA, Inc, Sarasota, FL, USA</td>
			<td>501758</td>
			<td>small scissors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cotton swab/cotton buds</td>
			<td>Carl Roth GmbH &#38; Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Deutschland</td>
			<td>EH12.1</td>
			<td>Rotilabo</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kelly Hemostatic Forceps, 14cm, Straight</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments, Inc, Sarasota, FL, USA, Inc, Sarasota, FL, USA</td>
			<td>501241</td>
			<td>surgical clamp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>electrode plate (platinum)</td>
			<td>custom made</td>
			<td>Wissenschaftliche Werkstatt Neurozentrum Uniklinik Freiburg, Deutschland</td>
			<td>10x6 mm, 0.15 mm thickness</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>insulated copper strands (~1 mm diameter)</td>
			<td>Reichelt elektronik GmbH &#38; Co. KG, Sande, Germany</td>
			<td>LITZE BL</td>
			<td>electrode cable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Weller EC 2002 M soldering station</td>
			<td>Weller Tools GmbH, Besigheim, Germany</td>
			<td>EC2002M1D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iso-Core EL 0,5 mm</td>
			<td>FELDER GMBH L&#246;ttechnik, Oberhausen, Deutschland</td>
			<td>20970510</td>
			<td>lead free solder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MERSILENE Polyester Fiber Suture</td>
			<td>Johnson &#38; Johnson Medical GmbH, Ethicon Deutschland, Norderstedt, Germany</td>
			<td>R871H</td>
			<td>nonabsorbable braided suture, 4-0</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Histoacryl</td>
			<td>B. Braun Melsungen AG, 
			Melsungen, Deutschland</td>
			<td>9381104</td>
			<td>cyanoacrylate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamin 10%</td>
			<td>Medistar GmbH, Germany</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>anesthetics</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rompun 2% (Xylazine)</td>
			<td>Bayer GmbH, Germany</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>anesthetics</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

transcranial electrical brain stimulation in alert rodents

Transkranial elektriske brain stimulation kan modulere kortikal ophidselse og plasticitet i mennesker og gnavere. Den mest almindelige form for stimulering i mennesker er transkranial jævnstrøm stimulation (TDC'er). Mindre hyppigt anvendes transkranial vekselstrøm stimulation (TAC) eller transkranial tilfældige støj stimulation (tRNS), en særlig form for TAC'er ved hjælp af en elektrisk strøm anvendes tilfældigt inden for en foruddefineret frekvensområde. Stigning på noninvasiv elektrisk stimulation hjerneforskning i mennesker, både for eksperimentel og klinisk formål, har givet et øget behov for grundlæggende, mekanistisk, sikkerhedsundersøgelser i dyr. Denne artikel beskriver en model for transkranial elektriske brain stimulation (tES) gennem intakt kraniet rettet mod det motoriske system i alert gnavere. Protokollen indeholder trinvise anvisninger for den kirurgiske set-up af en permanent epicranial elektrode socket kombineret med en indopereret counter elektrode på brystet. Ved at placere en stimulation elektrode bøsningen epicranial, kan forskellige elektrisk stimulation typer, sammenlignes med TDC'er, TAC'er og tRNS hos mennesker, leveres. Desuden, de praktiske skridt til tES i alert gnavere er indført. Anvendt strømtæthed, stimulation varighed og stimulation type kan vælges afhængigt af de eksperimentelle behov. Forbehold, fordele og ulemper ved dette set-up er diskuteret, samt sikkerheden og tolerabiliteten aspekter.

Beskrevet gennemførelsen af en set-up for pålidelig gentagne tES i alert gnavere kan let integreres i mekanistiske eksperimenter, dosis-respons undersøgelser eller forsøg, herunder adfærdsmæssige opgaver. Til dato, hindres sammenligneligheden af data fra dyreforsøg ved hjælp af (noninvasive) tES af variabiliteten af tES stimulation set-ups mellem laboratorier og af forskelle i stimulation parametre (f.eks. forskellige strømtætheder anvendes på ublu høje niveauer i for...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Transcranial Electrical Brain Stimulation in Alert Rodents at JoVE.com

Transcranial Electrical Brain Stimulation in Alert Rodents

Transkranial elektriske Brain Stimulation i Alert gnavere

Denne protokol beskriver en kirurgisk set-up for en permanent epicranial elektrode socket, og en indopereret brystet elektrode i gnavere. Ved at placere en anden elektrode ind i stikket, kan forskellige typer af transkranial elektriske brain stimulation leveres til den motoriske system i alert dyr gennem intakt kraniet.

Transcranial electrical brain stimulation can modulate cortical excitability and plasticity in humans and rodents. The most common form of stimulation in ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and fMRI to Examine the Default Mode Network

The default mode network is a group of brain regions that are active when an individual is not focused on the outside world and the brain is at "wakeful ...

TMS: Using the Theta-Burst Protocol to Explore Mechanism of Plasticity in Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome and Autism

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), also known as Martin-Bell Syndrome, is a genetic abnormality found on the X chromosome.1,2 Individuals suffering from FXS ...

Electrode Positioning and Montage in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a technique that has been intensively investigated in the past decade as this method offers a ...

Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents

Dyb Brain Stimulation med samtidig fMRI i Gnavere

In order to visualize the global and downstream neuronal responses to deep brain stimulation (DBS) at various targets, we have developed a protocol for ...

Acrylic Resin Molding Based Head Fixation Technique in Rodents

Akryl Resin Molding Based hoved Fiksering Teknik i Gnavere

Head fixation is a technique of immobilizing animal's head by attaching a head-post on the skull for rigid clamping. Traditional head fixation requires ...

Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Virkningerne af transkranial vekselstrøm Stimulation på den primære Motor Cortex af Online kombineret tilgang med transkranial magnetisk Stimulation

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) is a neuromodulatory technique able to act through sinusoidal electrical waveforms in a specific ...

Chronic Transcranial Electrical Stimulation and Intracortical Recording in Rats

Kronisk transkranial elektrisk Stimulation og Intracortical optagelse i rotter

Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) is a powerful and relatively simple approach to diffusely influence brain activity either randomly or in a ...

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Kombinerede transkranial magnetisk Stimulation og electroencefalografi i den Dorsolateral præfrontale Cortex

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method that produces neural excitation in the cortex by means of brief, time-varying magnetic ...

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Mice

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Mice

Transkranial jævnstrøm Stimulation (TDC'er) i mus

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique proposed as an alternative or complementary treatment for ...

Stimulation Location Determination using a 3D Digitizer with High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Stimulering placering bestemmelse ved hjælp af en 3D digitizer med high-definition Transcranial direkte strøm stimulering

The abundance of neuroimaging data and rapid development of machine learning has made it possible to investigate brain activation patterns. However, ...