Name: transcranial electrical brain stimulation in alert rodents
Uploaded: 2017-11-02T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Transcranial Electrical Brain Stimulation in Alert Rodents at JoVE.com

Dette arbeidet ble støttet av tysk Research Foundation (DFG RE 2740/3-1). Vi takker Frank Huethe og Thomas Günther for in-house produksjon av skreddersydde tES oppsett og DC-stimulator.

for forskning som involverer dyr, relevante (landsspesifikke) godkjenninger må hentes før eksperimenter. Alle dyreforsøk rapporterte her er utført i henhold til EUs direktiv 2010/63/EU oppdatert tyske Dyrevern loven (&#34; Tierschutzgesetz &#34;) av juli 2013, og oppdaterte tyske Forsøksdyrutvalget forskrift av August 2013. Dyr protokoller er godkjent av lokale myndigheter &#34; kommisjon for dyr eksperimentering av Regional Council i Freiburg &#34; og &#34; kommisjon for dyr eksperimentering University Medical Cen...

<ol>
	<li>Bikson, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Safety+of+Transcranial+Direct+Current+Stimulation:+Evidence+Based+Update+2016.">Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Evidence Based Update 2016.</a> Brain Stimul. 9 (5), 641-661 (2016).</li><li>Bindman, L. J., Lippold, O. C., Redfearn, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+action+of+brief+polarizing+currents+on+the+cerebral+cortex+of+the+rat+(1)+during+current+flow+and+(2)+in+the+production+of+long-lasting+after-effects.">The action of brief polarizing currents on the cerebral cortex of the rat (1) during current flow and (2) in the production of long-lasting after-effects.</a> J Physiol. 172, 369-382 (1964).</li><li>Gartside, I. 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A., Paulus, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sustained+excitability+elevations+induced+by+transcranial+DC+motor+cortex+stimulation+in+humans.">Sustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in humans.</a> Neurology. 57 (10), 1899-1901 (2001).</li><li>Cambiaghi, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Brain+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+modulates+motor+excitability+in+mice.">Brain transcranial direct current stimulation modulates motor excitability in mice.</a> Eur J Neuro. 31 (4), 704-709 (2010).</li><li>Fritsch, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+current+stimulation+promotes+BDNF-dependent+synaptic+plasticity:+potential+implications+for+motor+learning.">Direct current stimulation promotes BDNF-dependent synaptic plasticity: potential implications for motor learning.</a> Neuron. 66 (2), 198-204 (2010).</li><li>Ranieri, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modulation+of+LTP+at+rat+hippocampal+CA3-CA1+synapses+by+direct+current+stimulation.">Modulation of LTP at rat hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses by direct current stimulation.</a> J Neurophysiol. 107 (7), 1868-1880 (2012).</li><li>Kronberg, G., Bridi, M., Abel, T., Bikson, M., Parra, L. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+Current+Stimulation+Modulates+LTP+and+LTD:+Activity+Dependence+and+Dendritic+Effects.">Direct Current Stimulation Modulates LTP and LTD: Activity Dependence and Dendritic Effects.</a> Brain Stimul. 10 (November), 51-58 (2016).</li><li>Sun, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+current+stimulation+induces+mGluR5-dependent+neocortical+plasticity.">Direct current stimulation induces mGluR5-dependent neocortical plasticity.</a> Ann Neurol. 80 (2), 233-246 (2016).</li><li>Podda, M. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anodal+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+boosts+synaptic+plasticity+and+memory+in+mice+via+epigenetic+regulation+of+Bdnf+expression.">Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation boosts synaptic plasticity and memory in mice via epigenetic regulation of Bdnf expression.</a> Sci Rep. 6, 22180 (2016).</li><li>Reis, J., Fritsch, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modulation+of+motor+performance+and+motor+learning+by+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation.">Modulation of motor performance and motor learning by transcranial direct current stimulation.</a> Curr opin Neurology. 24 (6), 590-596 (2011).</li><li>Buch, E. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+tDCS+on+motor+learning+and+memory+formation+a+consensus+and+critical+position+paper.">Effects of tDCS on motor learning and memory formation a consensus and critical position paper.</a> Clin Neurophysiol. 128 (4), 589-603 (2017).</li><li>Reis, J., Fischer, J. T., Prichard, G., Weiller, C., Cohen, L. G., Fritsch, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Time-+but+not+sleep-dependent+consolidation+of+tDCS-enhanced+visuomotor+skills.">Time- but not sleep-dependent consolidation of tDCS-enhanced visuomotor skills.</a> Cerebral cortex. 25 (1), 109-117 (2015).</li><li>Monai, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Calcium+imaging+reveals+glial+involvement+in+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation-induced+plasticity+in+mouse+brain.">Calcium imaging reveals glial involvement in transcranial direct current stimulation-induced plasticity in mouse brain.</a> Nature Comm. 7, 11100 (2016).</li><li>Gellner, A. -. K., Reis, J., Fritsch, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glia:+A+Neglected+Player+in+Non-invasive+Direct+Current+Brain+Stimulation.">Glia: A Neglected Player in Non-invasive Direct Current Brain Stimulation.</a> Front Cell Neurosci. 10, 188 (2016).</li><li>Takano, Y., Yokawa, T., Masuda, A., Niimi, J., Tanaka, S., Hironaka, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+rat+model+for+measuring+the+effectiveness+of+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+using+fMRI.">A rat model for measuring the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation using fMRI.</a> Neurosci Lett. 491 (1), 40-43 (2011).</li><li>Islam, N., Moriwaki, A., Hattori, Y., Hori, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anodal+polarization+induces+protein+kinase+C+gamma+(PKC+gamma)-like+immunoreactivity+in+the+rat+cerebral+cortex.">Anodal polarization induces protein kinase C gamma (PKC gamma)-like immunoreactivity in the rat cerebral cortex.</a> Neurosci Res. 21, 169-172 (1994).</li><li>Islam, N., Aftabuddin, M., Moriwaki, A., Hattori, Y., Hori, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increase+in+the+calcium+level+following+anodal+polarization+in+the+rat+brain.">Increase in the calcium level following anodal polarization in the rat brain.</a> Brain Res. 684 (2), 206-208 (1995).</li><li>Rohan, J. G., Carhuatanta, K. A., McInturf, S. M., Miklasevich, M. K., Jankord, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modulating+Hippocampal+Plasticity+with+In+Vivo+Brain+Stimulation.">Modulating Hippocampal Plasticity with In Vivo Brain Stimulation.</a> J Neurosci. 35 (37), 12824-12832 (2015).</li><li>Wachter, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+induces+polarity-specific+changes+of+cortical+blood+perfusion+in+the+rat.">Transcranial direct current stimulation induces polarity-specific changes of cortical blood perfusion in the rat.</a> Exp Neurol. 227 (2), 322-327 (2011).</li><li>Koo, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=After-effects+of+anodal+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+on+the+excitability+of+the+motor+cortex+in+rats.">After-effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on the excitability of the motor cortex in rats.</a> Rest Neurol Neurosci. 34 (5), 859-868 (2016).</li><li>Liebetanz, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=After-effects+of+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+(tDCS)+on+cortical+spreading+depression.">After-effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cortical spreading depression.</a> Neurosci Lett. 398 (1-2), 85-90 (2006).</li><li>Fregni, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+coupled+with+repetitive+electrical+stimulation+on+cortical+spreading+depression.">Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation coupled with repetitive electrical stimulation on cortical spreading depression.</a> Exp Neurol. 204 (1), 462-466 (2007).</li><li>Cambiaghi, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flash+visual+evoked+potentials+in+mice+can+be+modulated+by+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation.">Flash visual evoked potentials in mice can be modulated by transcranial direct current stimulation.</a> Neurosci. 185, 161-165 (2011).</li><li>Dockery, C. A., Liebetanz, D., Birbaumer, N., Malinowska, M., Wesierska, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cumulative+benefits+of+frontal+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+on+visuospatial+working+memory+training+and+skill+learning+in+rats.">Cumulative benefits of frontal transcranial direct current stimulation on visuospatial working memory training and skill learning in rats.</a> Neurobiol Learn Mem. 96 (3), 452-460 (2011).</li><li>Faraji, J., Gomez-Palacio-Schjetnan, A., Luczak, A., Metz, G. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Beyond+the+silence:+Bilateral+somatosensory+stimulation+enhances+skilled+movement+quality+and+neural+density+in+intact+behaving+rats.">Beyond the silence: Bilateral somatosensory stimulation enhances skilled movement quality and neural density in intact behaving rats.</a> Behav Brain Res. 253, 78-89 (2013).</li><li>Pikhovych, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcranial+Direct+Current+Stimulation+Modulates+Neurogenesis+and+Microglia+Activation+in+the+Mouse+Brain.">Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Modulates Neurogenesis and Microglia Activation in the Mouse Brain.</a> Stem Cells In. , 1-10 (2016).</li><li>Rueger, M. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multi-session+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+(tDCS)+elicits+inflammatory+and+regenerative+processes+in+the+rat+brain.">Multi-session transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) elicits inflammatory and regenerative processes in the rat brain.</a> PloS one. 7 (8), e43776 (2012).</li><li>Liebetanz, D., Koch, R., Mayenfels, S., K&#246;nig, F., Paulus, W., Nitsche, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Safety+limits+of+cathodal+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+in+rats.">Safety limits of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation in rats.</a> Clinical Neurophysiol. 120 (6), 1161-1167 (2009).</li><li>Yoon, K. J., Oh, B. -. M., Kim, D. -. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+improvement+and+neuroplastic+effects+of+anodal+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+(tDCS)+delivered+1+day+vs.+1+week+after+cerebral+ischemia+in+rats.">Functional improvement and neuroplastic effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) delivered 1 day vs. 1 week after cerebral ischemia in rats.</a> Brain Res. 1452, 61-72 (2012).</li><li>Spezia Adachi, L. 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Denne protokollen beskriver typiske materialer og prosessuelle skritt for kirurgiske realisering av et permanent tES oppsett og påfølgende stimulering i alert gnagere. Under utarbeidelsen av en gnager tES eksperimentere, flere metodologiske aspekter (sikkerhet og toleranse av tES, utfallet parameteren) samt konseptuelle aspekter (sammenliknbarhet med menneskelige tilstand, forventede virkningene av stimulering på bestemt hjernen region) må tas i betraktning. Fra en metodisk synspunkt er kirurgisk konfigureringen av s...

Transkraniell administrasjonen av elektrisk strøm til hjernen (tES) har blitt brukt i flere tiår å studere hjernefunksjon og endre atferd. Mer nylig søker direkte strøm eller sjeldnere vekslende strøm (tACS og tRNS), noninvasively gjennom intakt skallen ved bruk av to eller flere elektroder (anode(s) og cathode(s)) har fått vitenskapelig og klinisk interesse. Spesielt tDCS har blitt brukt i flere 33,200 sesjoner friske og pasienter med nevropsykiatriske sykdommer og har dukket opp som en trygg og enkel, kostnadseffektiv sengen program, med mulig terapeutiske potensial som varer lenge atferdsmessige effekter1. Dette tydelig gitt økt behov og vitenskapelig interesse i mekanistisk studier, inkludert sikkerhetsaspekter. Denne artikkelen fokuserer på den vanligste formen for stimulering, tDCS.
Tvers av arter modulerer tDCS kortikale excitability og synaptiske plastisitet. Excitability endringer er rapportert som polaritet avhengig av endring av spontane neuronal skyte rate i rotter og kattene2,3,4, eller som endringer i motor evoked potensial (MEP) amplituder i mennesker og mus ( både økt etter anodal og redusert etter cathodal tDCS: menneskelig5,6; musen7). Anodal DCS økt synaptic effekten av motor kortikale eller hippocampus synapser i vitro i flere timer etter stimulering eller lang sikt potensiering (LTP), når co brukes med et bestemt svak synaptic innspill eller når gitt før en plastisitet inducing stimulering,8,,9,,10,,11,,12. I samsvar, fordelene ved stimulering på motor eller kognitive opplæring suksess er ofte avslørte bare hvis tDCS er co anvendt med trening8,13,14,15. Mens disse tidligere funn hovedsakelig tilskrives til funksjoner av neurons, bør det bemerkes at ikke-neuronal celler (glia) kan også bidra til funksjonelle virkningene av tDCS. For eksempel økt astrocytic intracellulær kalsium nivåer under anodal tDCS i alert mus16. Tilsvarende indusert anodal tDCS på gjeldende tettheter under terskelen for neurodegeneration en dose avhengige aktivisering microglia17. Men trenger modulering av Nevron-glia interaksjon ved tDCS ytterligere bestemt etterforskning.
Tatt sammen, dyr forskning avanserte tydelig vår forståelse av modulatory effekten av tDCS på excitability og plastisitet. Men er det en "omvendt translasjonsforskning gapet" observerbare i eksplosive økningen i publikasjoner av menneskelig tDCS studier i motsetning til den langsomme og svak økning i undersøkelser av de underliggende mekanismene tES i i vitro og in vivo dyr modeller. I tillegg gnager tES modeller utføres med høye variasjon over forskningslaboratorier (alt fra transdermal til epicranial stimulering), og rapporterte stimulering prosedyrer er ofte ikke helt gjennomsiktig hindre sammenlignbarheten og Replicability grunnleggende forskningsdata samt tolkning av resultatene.
Her beskrive vi i detalj kirurgisk gjennomføringen av et Transkraniell hjernen stimulering oppsett målretting primære motorisk cortex, som lar oversettelse til betingelsen menneskelige tDCS samtidig minimere variasjon, og tillater gjentatte stimulering uten hindre atferd. En trinnvis protokoll for påfølgende tES i alert rotter er gitt. Metodisk og konseptuelle aspekter av trygg bruk av tES i alert gnagere diskuteres.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Softasept N</td>
			<td>B. Braun Melsungen AG, 
			Melsungen, Deutschland</td>
			<td>3887138</td>
			<td>antiseptic agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol 70 %</td>
			<td>Carl Roth GmbH &#38; Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Deutschland</td>
			<td>T913.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>arched tip forceps</td>
			<td>FST Fine science tools, Heidelberg, Deutschland</td>
			<td>11071-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iris Forceps, 10cm, Straight, Serrated</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments, Inc, Sarasota, FL, USA, Inc, Sarasota, FL, USA</td>
			<td>15914</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel Handle #3, 13cm</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments, Inc, Sarasota, FL, USA, Inc, Sarasota, FL, USA</td>
			<td>500236</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standard Scalpel Blade #10</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments, Inc, Sarasota, FL, USA, Inc, Sarasota, FL, USA</td>
			<td>500239</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zelletten cellulose swabs</td>
			<td>Lohmann und Rauscher, Neuwied, Deutschland</td>
			<td>13349</td>
			<td>5 x 4 cm&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>AbbVie Deutschland GmbH &#38; Co</td>
			<td>N01AB06</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iris Scissors, 11.5cm, Straight</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments, Inc, Sarasota, FL, USA, Inc, Sarasota, FL, USA</td>
			<td>501758</td>
			<td>small scissors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cotton swab/cotton buds</td>
			<td>Carl Roth GmbH &#38; Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Deutschland</td>
			<td>EH12.1</td>
			<td>Rotilabo</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kelly Hemostatic Forceps, 14cm, Straight</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments, Inc, Sarasota, FL, USA, Inc, Sarasota, FL, USA</td>
			<td>501241</td>
			<td>surgical clamp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>electrode plate (platinum)</td>
			<td>custom made</td>
			<td>Wissenschaftliche Werkstatt Neurozentrum Uniklinik Freiburg, Deutschland</td>
			<td>10x6 mm, 0.15 mm thickness</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>insulated copper strands (~1 mm diameter)</td>
			<td>Reichelt elektronik GmbH &#38; Co. KG, Sande, Germany</td>
			<td>LITZE BL</td>
			<td>electrode cable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Weller EC 2002 M soldering station</td>
			<td>Weller Tools GmbH, Besigheim, Germany</td>
			<td>EC2002M1D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iso-Core EL 0,5 mm</td>
			<td>FELDER GMBH L&#246;ttechnik, Oberhausen, Deutschland</td>
			<td>20970510</td>
			<td>lead free solder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MERSILENE Polyester Fiber Suture</td>
			<td>Johnson &#38; Johnson Medical GmbH, Ethicon Deutschland, Norderstedt, Germany</td>
			<td>R871H</td>
			<td>nonabsorbable braided suture, 4-0</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Histoacryl</td>
			<td>B. Braun Melsungen AG, 
			Melsungen, Deutschland</td>
			<td>9381104</td>
			<td>cyanoacrylate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamin 10%</td>
			<td>Medistar GmbH, Germany</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>anesthetics</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rompun 2% (Xylazine)</td>
			<td>Bayer GmbH, Germany</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>anesthetics</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

transcranial electrical brain stimulation in alert rodents

Transkraniell elektrisk hjernen stimulering kan modulerer kortikale excitability og plastisitet i mennesker og gnagere. Den vanligste formen for stimulering hos mennesker er Transkraniell likestrøm stimulering (tDCS). Sjeldnere brukes Transkraniell vekselstrøm stimulering (tACS) eller Transkraniell tilfeldig støy stimulering (tRNS), en spesifikk form av tACS ved hjelp av en elektrisk strøm brukes tilfeldig i en forhåndsdefinert frekvensområdet. Økningen av noninvasive elektrisk stimulering hjerneforskning hos mennesker, både for experimental og klinisk, har gitt økt behov for grunnleggende, mekanistisk, sikkerhet studier på dyr. Denne artikkelen beskriver en modell for Transkraniell elektrisk hjernen stimulering (tES) gjennom intakt skallen målretting motor systemet i alert gnagere. Protokollen inneholder trinnvise instruksjoner for kirurgiske oppsettet av en permanent epicranial elektrode socket kombinert med en implantert counter elektrode på brystet. Ved å plassere en stimulering elektrode kontakten epicranial, kan ulike elektrisk stimulering typer, sammenlignes tDCS tACS og tRNS hos mennesker, leveres. Videre er praktiske skritt for tES i alert gnagere innført. Den anvendt nåværende tetthet, stimulering varighet og stimulering type kan velges avhengig eksperimentelle behov. Advarsler, fordeler og ulemper av dette oppsettet er diskutert, samt sikkerhet og toleranse aspekter.

Beskrevet gjennomføring av et oppsett for pålitelig gjentatte tES i alert gnagere kan enkelt integreres i mekanistisk eksperimenter dose-respons studier og eksperimenter inkludert opptreden. Hittil har hindret sammenlignbarheten data fra dyrestudier bruker (noninvasive) tES av variasjon av tES stimulering set-ups mellom laboratorier og forskjeller i stimulering parametere (f.eks ulike gjeldende tettheter brukes på urimelig høye nivåer i forhold til menneskelig programmet). D...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Transcranial Electrical Brain Stimulation in Alert Rodents at JoVE.com

Transcranial Electrical Brain Stimulation in Alert Rodents

Transkraniell elektrisk hjernen stimulering i Alert gnagere

Denne protokollen beskriver et kirurgisk oppsett for en permanent epicranial elektrode socket og en implantert brystet elektrode i gnagere. Ved å plassere en andre elektrode kontakten, kan ulike typer Transkraniell elektrisk hjernestimulasjon leveres til motor systemet i alert dyr gjennom intakt skallen.

Transcranial electrical brain stimulation can modulate cortical excitability and plasticity in humans and rodents. The most common form of stimulation in ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and fMRI to Examine the Default Mode Network

The default mode network is a group of brain regions that are active when an individual is not focused on the outside world and the brain is at "wakeful ...

TMS: Using the Theta-Burst Protocol to Explore Mechanism of Plasticity in Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome and Autism

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), also known as Martin-Bell Syndrome, is a genetic abnormality found on the X chromosome.1,2 Individuals suffering from FXS ...

Electrode Positioning and Montage in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a technique that has been intensively investigated in the past decade as this method offers a ...

Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents

Dyp hjernestimulering med Simultaneous fMRI i Gnagere

In order to visualize the global and downstream neuronal responses to deep brain stimulation (DBS) at various targets, we have developed a protocol for ...

Acrylic Resin Molding Based Head Fixation Technique in Rodents

Akryl Resin Molding Based Leder Fixation Technique i Gnagere

Head fixation is a technique of immobilizing animal's head by attaching a head-post on the skull for rigid clamping. Traditional head fixation requires ...

Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Effekter av Transkraniell vekselstrøm stimulering på primære motorisk Cortex av Online kombinert tilnærming med Transkraniell magnetisk stimulering

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) is a neuromodulatory technique able to act through sinusoidal electrical waveforms in a specific ...

Chronic Transcranial Electrical Stimulation and Intracortical Recording in Rats

Kronisk Transkraniell elektrisk stimulering og Intracortical opptak i rotter

Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) is a powerful and relatively simple approach to diffusely influence brain activity either randomly or in a ...

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Kombinert Transkraniell magnetisk stimulering og Elektroencefalogram på Dorsolateral Prefrontal cortex

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method that produces neural excitation in the cortex by means of brief, time-varying magnetic ...

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Mice

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Mice

Transkraniell likestrøm stimulering (tDCS) i mus

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique proposed as an alternative or complementary treatment for ...

Stimulation Location Determination using a 3D Digitizer with High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Besluttsomhet ved stimulering av posisjon ved hjelp av en 3D-digitaliseringsenhet med High-Definition Transkraniell direkte strøm stimulering

The abundance of neuroimaging data and rapid development of machine learning has made it possible to investigate brain activation patterns. However, ...