Name: live-imaging of breast epithelial cell migration after the transient depletion of tip60
Uploaded: 2017-12-07T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Live-imaging of Breast Epithelial Cell Migration After the Transient Depletion of TIP60 at JoVE.com

Vi takke medlemmerne af RIA laboratorium for deres nyttige diskussioner og kommentarer. S.J. blev støttet af tilskud fra National Research Foundation Singapore og Singapore Undervisningsministeriet under sin forskning Centers of Excellence initiativ til den kræft Science Institute of Singapore (R-713-006-014-271), den nationale medicinske Research Council (CBRG-NIG; BNIG11nov001 og CS-IRG; R-713-000-162-511), Undervisningsministeriet akademiske forskningsfond (MOE AcRF Tier 1 T1-2012 OLT -04). Y.Z., G.S.C. og C.Y.T. blev støttet af en ph.d. stipendium uddelt af kræft Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore.

1. forberedelse
<ol><li>Forberede MCF10A næringssubstratet: Dulbeccos modificerede Eagle Medium (DMEM) / F12 (1:1) med 5% horse serum, 20 ng/mL epitelial vækstfaktor, 0,5 mg/mL hydrocortison, 100 ng/mL kolera toksin og 10 µg/mL insulin.</li>
	<li>Forberede serumfrit medium: DMEM/F12 (1:1) med 20 ng/mL epitelial vækstfaktor, 0,5 mg/mL hydrocortison, 100 ng/mL kolera toksin og 10 µg/mL insulin.</li>
	<li>Brug følgende siRNA sekvens: siControl: Videresend: 5'-CGUACGCGGAAUACUUCGAdTdT-3' Omvendt: 5'-UCGAAGUAU...

<ol>
	<li>Sun, Y., Jiang, X., Chen, S., Fernandes, N., Price, B. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+role+for+the+Tip60+histone+acetyltransferase+in+the+acetylation+and+activation+of+ATM.">A role for the Tip60 histone acetyltransferase in the acetylation and activation of ATM.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 102 (37), 13182-13187 (2005).</li><li>Sykes, S. M., Stanek, T. J., Frank, A., Murphy, M. E., McMahon, S. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acetylation+of+the+DNA+binding+domain+regulates+transcription-independent+apoptosis+by+p53.">Acetylation of the DNA binding domain regulates transcription-independent apoptosis by p53.</a> J Biol Chem. 284 (30), 20197-20205 (2009).</li><li>Jha, S., Shibata, E., Dutta, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+Rvb1/Tip49+is+required+for+the+histone+acetyltransferase+activity+of+Tip60/NuA4+and+for+the+downregulation+of+phosphorylation+on+H2AX+after+DNA+damage.">Human Rvb1/Tip49 is required for the histone acetyltransferase activity of Tip60/NuA4 and for the downregulation of phosphorylation on H2AX after DNA damage.</a> Mol Cell Biol. 28 (8), 2690-2700 (2008).</li><li>Sapountzi, V., Logan, I. R., Robson, C. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cellular+functions+of+TIP60.">Cellular functions of TIP60.</a> Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 38 (9), 1496-1509 (2006).</li><li>Squatrito, M., Gorrini, C., Amati, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tip60+in+DNA+damage+response+and+growth+control:+many+tricks+in+one+HAT.">Tip60 in DNA damage response and growth control: many tricks in one HAT.</a> Trends Cell Biol. 16 (9), 433-442 (2006).</li><li>Sun, Y., Xu, Y., Roy, K., Price, B. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DNA+damage-induced+acetylation+of+lysine+3016+of+ATM+activates+ATM+kinase+activity.">DNA damage-induced acetylation of lysine 3016 of ATM activates ATM kinase activity.</a> Mol Cell Biol. 27 (24), 8502-8509 (2007).</li><li>Sykes, S. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acetylation+of+the+p53+DNA-binding+domain+regulates+apoptosis+induction.">Acetylation of the p53 DNA-binding domain regulates apoptosis induction.</a> Mol Cell. 24 (6), 841-851 (2006).</li><li>Tang, Y., Luo, J., Zhang, W., Gu, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tip60-dependent+acetylation+of+p53+modulates+the+decision+between+cell-cycle+arrest+and+apoptosis.">Tip60-dependent acetylation of p53 modulates the decision between cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis.</a> Mol Cell. 24 (6), 827-839 (2006).</li><li>Chen, G., Cheng, Y., Tang, Y., Martinka, M., Li, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+Tip60+in+human+melanoma+cell+migration,+metastasis,+and+patient+survival.">Role of Tip60 in human melanoma cell migration, metastasis, and patient survival.</a> J Invest Dermatol. 132 (11), 2632-2641 (2012).</li><li>Gorrini, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tip60+is+a+haplo-insufficient+tumour+suppressor+required+for+an+oncogene-induced+DNA+damage+response.">Tip60 is a haplo-insufficient tumour suppressor required for an oncogene-induced DNA damage response.</a> Nature. 448 (7157), 1063-1067 (2007).</li><li>Jha, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Destabilization+of+TIP60+by+human+papillomavirus+E6+results+in+attenuation+of+TIP60-dependent+transcriptional+regulation+and+apoptotic+pathway.">Destabilization of TIP60 by human papillomavirus E6 results in attenuation of TIP60-dependent transcriptional regulation and apoptotic pathway.</a> Mol Cell. 38 (5), 700-711 (2010).</li><li>Kim, J. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptional+regulation+of+a+metastasis+suppressor+gene+by+Tip60+and+beta-catenin+complexes.">Transcriptional regulation of a metastasis suppressor gene by Tip60 and beta-catenin complexes.</a> Nature. 434 (7035), 921-926 (2005).</li><li>Sakuraba, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Down-regulation+of+Tip60+gene+as+a+potential+marker+for+the+malignancy+of+colorectal+cancer.">Down-regulation of Tip60 gene as a potential marker for the malignancy of colorectal cancer.</a> Anticancer Res. 29 (10), 3953-3955 (2009).</li><li>Subbaiah, V. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=E3+ligase+EDD1/UBR5+is+utilized+by+the+HPV+E6+oncogene+to+destabilize+tumor+suppressor+TIP60.">E3 ligase EDD1/UBR5 is utilized by the HPV E6 oncogene to destabilize tumor suppressor TIP60.</a> Oncogene. , (2015).</li><li>Friedl, P., Wolf, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tumour-cell+invasion+and+migration:+diversity+and+escape+mechanisms.">Tumour-cell invasion and migration: diversity and escape mechanisms.</a> Nat Rev Cancer. 3 (5), 362-374 (2003).</li><li>Nguyen, D. X., Bos, P. D., Massague, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metastasis:+from+dissemination+to+organ-specific+colonization.">Metastasis: from dissemination to organ-specific colonization.</a> Nat Rev Cancer. 9 (4), 274-284 (2009).</li><li>Zijl, F., Krupitza, G., Mikulits, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Initial+steps+of+metastasis:+cell+invasion+and+endothelial+transmigration.">Initial steps of metastasis: cell invasion and endothelial transmigration.</a> Mutat Res. 728 (1-2), 23-34 (2011).</li><li>Lamouille, S., Xu, J., Derynck, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+mechanisms+of+epithelial-mesenchymal+transition.">Molecular mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.</a> Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 15 (3), 178-196 (2014).</li><li>Liang, C. C., Park, A. Y., Guan, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+scratch+assay:+a+convenient+and+inexpensive+method+for+analysis+of+cell+migration+in+vitro.">In vitro scratch assay: a convenient and inexpensive method for analysis of cell migration in vitro.</a> Nat Protoc. 2 (2), 329-333 (2007).</li><li>Zhang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=TIP60+inhibits+metastasis+by+ablating+DNMT1-SNAIL2-driven+epithelial-mesenchymal+transition+program.">TIP60 inhibits metastasis by ablating DNMT1-SNAIL2-driven epithelial-mesenchymal transition program.</a> J Mol Cell Biol. , (2016).</li><li>Riahi, R., Yang, Y., Zhang, D. D., Wong, P. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advances+in+wound-healing+assays+for+probing+collective+cell+migration.">Advances in wound-healing assays for probing collective cell migration.</a> J Lab Autom. 17 (1), 59-65 (2012).</li><li>Jonkman, J. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+introduction+to+the+wound+healing+assay+using+live-cell+microscopy.">An introduction to the wound healing assay using live-cell microscopy.</a> Cell Adh Migr. 8 (5), 440-451 (2014).</li></ol>

Det er kendt, at celler i celle migration, kan enten flytte i formen vedhængende arkgruppe; løs klynger; eller single, isolerede celler. Mode og dynamikken i celle invasion kan variere fra én tilstand til en anden, og fænotype kan ændre inden for timer. Traditionelle sårheling analysen er baseret på snapshot billeder taget fra et mikroskop med en lang tidsinterval, 12 eller 24 timer. Dette gør det vanskeligt at fange dynamikken i såret lukning og mønster af celle bevægelser.
På den...

HIV-Tat-interaktiv protein 60 kDa (TIP60) er en lysin acetyltransferase, der kan acetylate både Histon og ikke-Histon proteiner1,2. Dens funktioner er fundet for at have konsekvenser i flere signaling veje, herunder transskription, DNA-skade reparation og apoptose1,3,4,5,6, 7 , 8. Derudover TIP60 er ofte downregulated i kræft, og dens downregulation er korreleret med kræft metastaser og dårlig overlevelse satser9,10,11,12, 13,14. Tumor metastaser er den største årsag til cancer-relaterede dødsfald. Det er en multi-trins proces, og det første trin af metastaser indebærer migration og invasion af tumorceller i tilstødende væv15,16. For at gøre det, tumorceller først skal løsne sig fra den primære tumor masse, enten i form af et kollektivt invaderende celle ark eller som løsrevet enkelt celler17. Under denne proces undergår tumorceller ofte epitelial mesenchymale overgangen (EMT), hvilket resulterer i ændringer i morfologi og celle vedhæftning kapacitet17,18.
Et par teknikker er blevet udviklet for at studere migrationen og invasion evne til tumor celler i vitro. Blandt dem er sårheling analysen den mest effektive og økonomisk19. Første, denne metode indebærer skabelse af en kunstig hul på en sammenflydende éncellelag af celler, således at celler til at migrere og lukke hullet. Andet, billeder af hullerne kan blive fanget i begyndelsen og slutningen af forsøget. Endelig, en sammenligning af kløften lukning bruges til at bestemme antallet af celle migration. Et fasekontrast mikroskop er normalt bruges til at fange billeder for konventionelle sårheling assays. En anden fordel for sårheling analysen er, at den dels ligner i vivo tumor celle migration. Ligeledes til i vivo tumor metastaser viser celle migration i sårheling assays både den kollektive migration af epitel ark og migration af fritliggende enkelt celler.
Dog celle migration er kendt for at være dynamisk, og der er behov for at dokumentere bevægelsen af celler i realtid. For eksempel, tillader en konventionel sårheling analysen ikke en forsker til at analysere encellede bevægelse. På den anden side er celler kulturperler for sårheling assays ofte serum-hungrende at hæmme celledelingen. Dette er gjort for at udelukke muligheden for gap lukning på grund af celledelingen. Ikke desto mindre, der vil stadig være nogle spredning og celledød og fase-kontrast billeder taget før og efter forsøget er ude af stand til at skelne mellem dem.
Live-celle imaging teknik løser denne begrænsning af konventionelle sårheling assays. Ved hjælp af en live-imaging mikroskop kombineret med en CO2 inkubator og passende temperaturkontrol, forskere kan måle hul størrelse og dens sats af lukning over tid mens sporing bevægelse af aktivt overfører celler beliggende på spidsen af den invasive front. Dermed gennemførelsen af live-celle imaging for at overvåge celle migration vil ikke kun give bedre visualisering af celle migration, men vil også give mulighed at differentiere mellem celle migration og cell spredning, hvilket giver en mere pålidelig analyse af celle migration.
I denne undersøgelse, blev MCF10A bryst epitelceller brugt til at påvise kombination af sårheling assay og live-celle imaging for at studere TIP60 rolle i celle migration. Nedbrydningen af TIP60 resulterer i øget migration evner i MCF10A celler.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="874">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:287px;">MCF10A cell</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CRL-10317TM</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Breast epithelial cell</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:287px;">DMEM/F12 media (1:1)</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11330-032</td>
			<td>MCF10A culture media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:287px;">Epithelial growth factor (EGF)</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Peprotech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AF-100-15</td>
			<td>Supplements for MCF10A culture media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:287px;">Cholera Toxin</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C-8052</td>
			<td>Supplements for MCF10A culture media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:287px;">Hydrocortisone</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H-0888</td>
			<td>Supplements for MCF10A culture media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:287px;">Insulin</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">I-1882</td>
			<td>Supplements for MCF10A culture media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:287px;">House serum</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">16050-122</td>
			<td>Supplements for MCF10A culture media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:287px;">Trypsin</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">25200-056</td>
			<td>For MCF10A detach from plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:287px;">Hemacytometer</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">267110</td>
			<td>For counting cell</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:287px;">Opti-MEM reduced serum media</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">31985-070</td>
			<td>For siRNA mixture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:287px;">Lipofectamine RNAiMAX</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Invitrogen/Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">56532</td>
			<td>Transfect reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:287px;">Trizol reagent</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Invitrogen/Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15596-026</td>
			<td>For mRNA extraction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:287px;">iScript cDNA Synthesis Kit</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">170-8891</td>
			<td>For cDNA generation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:287px;">iTaq Universal SYBR Green Supermix</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">172-5125</td>
			<td>For real time qPCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:287px;">7500 Fast Real Time PCR system</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Biosystems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Real time qPCR mechine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:287px;">10-cm dish</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Greiner bio-one</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">664160</td>
			<td>For Knockdown experiment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:287px;">24-well plate</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Cellstar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">662160</td>
			<td>For wound healing assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:287px;">siControl siRNA</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Self designed</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Self designed</td>
			<td>CGUACGCGGAAUACUUCGAdTdT</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:287px;">siTIP60 siRNA</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Self designed</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Self designed</td>
			<td>UGAUCGAGUUCAGCUAUGAdTdT</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:287px;">Live cell observer</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Zeiss inverted Cell Observer for live cell experiments</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

live-imaging of breast epithelial cell migration after the transient depletion of tip60

Sårheling analysen er effektiv og en af de mest økonomiske måder at studere celle migration in vitro. Konventionelt, billeder er taget i begyndelsen og slutningen af et eksperiment ved hjælp af et fasekontrast mikroskop, og migration evner af celler er evalueret af lukningen af sår. Men celle bevægelse er en dynamisk fænomen, og en konventionel metode giver ikke mulighed for sporing én celle bevægelse. For at forbedre nuværende sårheling assays, bruger vi live-celle Billeddannende teknikker til at overvåge celle migration i realtid. Denne metode gør det muligt at bestemme den celle migration sats baseret på en celle, tracking system og giver en klarere sondring mellem celle migration og cell spredning. Her, demonstrere vi brugen af live-celle imaging i sårheling assays til at studere de forskellige migration evner af bryst epitelceller påvirket af tilstedeværelsen af TIP60. Som celle motilitet er meget dynamisk, giver vores metode mere indsigt i processer af sårheling end et øjebliksbillede af sår lukning taget med de traditionelle Billeddannende teknikker anvendes for sårheling assays.

General skema af Live-celle Imaging-baserede celle Migration Assay Figur 1A er en skema i denne protokol. MCF10A celler transfekteret med siControl viste typisk epitelial morfologi. Efter udtømningen af TIP60 var MCF10A celler mere mesenchymale sammenlignet med kontrol celler (figur 1B).
Undersøgelse af TIP60 Knockdown effektivitet...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Live-imaging of Breast Epithelial Cell Migration After the Transient Depletion of TIP60 at JoVE.com

Live-imaging of Breast Epithelial Cell Migration After the Transient Depletion of TIP60

Live imaging bryst epitelcelle migration efter forbigående nedbrydningen af TIP60

Vi præsenterer her, real-time overvågning af celle migration i en sårheling analyse ved hjælp af TIP60-forarmet MCF10A bryst epitelceller. Gennemførelsen af live-celle Billeddannende teknikker i vores protokollen tillader os at analysere og visualisere encellede bevægelse i realtid og på tværs af tid.

The wound-healing assay is efficient and one of the most economical ways to study cell migration in vitro. Conventionally, images are taken at the ...

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Although complex organisms appear static, their tissues are under a continuous turnover. As cells age, die, and are replaced by new cells, cells move ...

Live-Cell Imaging Assays to Study Glioblastoma Brain Tumor Stem Cell Migration and Invasion

Live-celle Imaging Assays til undersøgelse glioblastom hjerne Tumor stamcelle Migration og Invasion

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor that is poorly controlled with the currently available treatment options. Key features of GBMs include ...

Flow Cytometric Detection of Newly-formed Breast Cancer Stem Cell-like Cells After Apoptosis Reversal

Flow Cytometric påvisning af nydannede brystkræft stamceller-lignende celler efter apoptose tilbageførsel

Cancer recurrence has long been studied by oncologists while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, we and others found that a phenomenon ...

Differentiation of Mouse Breast Epithelial HC11 and EpH4 Cells

Differentiering af mus bryst epitel HC11 og EpH4 Celler

Cadherins play an important role in the regulation of cell differentiation as well as neoplasia. Here we describe the origins and methods of the induction ...

Evaluating the Differentiation Capacity of Mouse Prostate Epithelial Cells Using Organoid Culture

Evaluering af differentierings kapaciteten af mus prostata Epiteliale celler ved hjælp af Organoid kultur

The prostate epithelium is comprised predominantly of basal and luminal cells. In vivo lineage tracing has been utilized to define the differentiation ...