Name: corneal tissue engineering: an in vitro model of the stromal-nerve interactions of the human cornea
Uploaded: 2018-01-24T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Corneal Tissue Engineering: An In Vitro Model of the Stromal-nerve Interactions of the Human Cornea at JoVE.com

我们衷心感谢 Dr. 本. 福勒在 TEM 实验中的技术帮助。

本议定书遵循俄克拉荷马州健康科学中心/机构审查委员会 (IRB #4509) 的指导方针。《议定书》的所有部分都符合《赫尔辛基宣言》的原则。角膜标本取自国家发展和研究所 (第九) 和俄克拉何马州狮子眼银行。
1. 分离原细胞
<ol><li>在收到人类的角膜组织样本后, 将组织转移到21.5 厘米的2培养皿中, 其中含有2毫升的无菌 Dulbecco 的磷酸盐缓冲盐水 (DPBS) (1x)。</li>
	<li>通过?...

<ol>
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L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Corneal+tissue+engineering:+recent+advances+and+future+perspectives.">Corneal tissue engineering: recent advances and future perspectives.</a> Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 21 (3), 278-287 (2015).</li><li>Shafaie, S., Hutter, V., Cook, M. T., Brown, M. B., Chau, D. Y. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+Vitro+Cell+Models+for+Ophthalmic+Drug+Development+Applications.">In Vitro Cell Models for Ophthalmic Drug Development Applications.</a> BioResearch Open Access. 5 (1), 94-108 (2016).</li><li>Shaheen, B. 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G., Naughton, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+engineering+-+Current+challenges+and+expanding+opportunities.">Tissue engineering - Current challenges and expanding opportunities.</a> Science. 295 (5557), (2002).</li><li>Guo, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Morphologic+characterization+of+organized+extracellular+matrix+deposition+by+ascorbic+acid-stimulated+human+corneal+fibroblasts.">Morphologic characterization of organized extracellular matrix deposition by ascorbic acid-stimulated human corneal fibroblasts.</a> Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 48 (9), 4050-4060 (2007).</li><li>Karamichos, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ocular+tissue+engineering:+current+and+future+directions.">Ocular tissue engineering: current and future directions.</a> J Funct Biomater. 6 (1), 77-80 (2015).</li><li>Karamichos, D., Brown, R. A., Mudera, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Collagen+stiffness+regulates+cellular+contraction+and+matrix+remodeling+gene+expression.">Collagen stiffness regulates cellular contraction and matrix remodeling gene expression.</a> J Biomed Mater Res A. 83 (3), 887-894 (2007).</li><li>Ruberti, J. W., Zieske, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prelude+to+corneal+tissue+engineering+-+gaining+control+of+collagen+organization.">Prelude to corneal tissue engineering - gaining control of collagen organization.</a> Prog Retin Eye Res. 27 (5), 549-577 (2008).</li><li>Karamichos, D., Guo, X. Q., Hutcheon, A. E., Zieske, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+corneal+fibrosis:+an+in+vitro+model.">Human corneal fibrosis: an in vitro model.</a> Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 51 (3), 1382-1388 (2010).</li><li>Chen, F. M., Liu, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advancing+biomaterials+of+human+origin+for+tissue+engineering.">Advancing biomaterials of human origin for tissue engineering.</a> Prog Polym Sci. 53, 86-168 (2016).</li><li>Priyadarsini, S., Sarker-Nag, A., Rowsey, T. G., Ma, J. X., Karamichos, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment+of+a+3D+In+Vitro+Model+to+Accelerate+the+Development+of+Human+Therapies+against+Corneal+Diabetes.">Establishment of a 3D In Vitro Model to Accelerate the Development of Human Therapies against Corneal Diabetes.</a> PLoS One. 11 (12), e0168845 (2016).</li><li>Karamichos, D., Hjortdal, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Keratoconus:+tissue+engineering+and+biomaterials.">Keratoconus: tissue engineering and biomaterials.</a> J Funct Biomater. 5 (3), 111-134 (2014).</li><li>Wilson, S. L., Yang, Y., El Haj, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Corneal+Stromal+Cell+Plasticity:+In+Vitro+Regulation+of+Cell+Phenotype+Through+Cell-Cell+Interactions+in+a+Three-Dimensional+Model.">Corneal Stromal Cell Plasticity: In Vitro Regulation of Cell Phenotype Through Cell-Cell Interactions in a Three-Dimensional Model.</a> Tissue Engineering Part A. 20 (1-2), 225-238 (2014).</li><li>Proulx, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reconstruction+of+a+human+cornea+by+the+self-assembly+approach+of+tissue+engineering+using+the+three+native+cell+types.">Reconstruction of a human cornea by the self-assembly approach of tissue engineering using the three native cell types.</a> Molecular Vision. 16 (234-236), 2192-2201 (2010).</li><li>Gonzalez-Andrades, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment+of+a+novel+in+vitro+model+of+stratified+epithelial+wound+healing+with+barrier+function.">Establishment of a novel in vitro model of stratified epithelial wound healing with barrier function.</a> Sci Rep. 6, 19395 (2016).</li><li>Hopkins, A. M., DeSimone, E., Chwalek, K., Kaplan, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=3D+in+vitro+modeling+of+the+central+nervous+system.">3D in vitro modeling of the central nervous system.</a> Prog Neurobiol. 125, 1-25 (2015).</li><li>Schulz, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Natural+Corneal+Cell-Based+Microenvironment+as+Prerequisite+for+Balanced+3D+Corneal+Epithelial+Morphogenesis:+A+Promising+Animal+Experiment-Abandoning+Tool+in+Ophthalmology.">Natural Corneal Cell-Based Microenvironment as Prerequisite for Balanced 3D Corneal Epithelial Morphogenesis: A Promising Animal Experiment-Abandoning Tool in Ophthalmology.</a> Tissue Engineering Part C-Methods. 20 (4), 297-307 (2014).</li><li>Gao, J., Wang, Y., Zhao, X., Chen, P., Xie, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MicroRNA-204-5p-Mediated+Regulation+of+SIRT1+Contributes+to+the+Delay+of+Epithelial+Cell+Cycle+Traversal+in+Diabetic+Corneas.">MicroRNA-204-5p-Mediated Regulation of SIRT1 Contributes to the Delay of Epithelial Cell Cycle Traversal in Diabetic Corneas.</a> Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 56 (3), 1493-1504 (2015).</li><li>Koulikovska, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enhanced+regeneration+of+corneal+tissue+via+a+bioengineered+collagen+construct+implanted+by+a+nondisruptive+surgical+technique.">Enhanced regeneration of corneal tissue via a bioengineered collagen construct implanted by a nondisruptive surgical technique.</a> Tissue Eng Part A. 21 (5-6), 1116-1130 (2015).</li><li>Ljubimov, A. V., Saghizadeh, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progress+in+corneal+wound+healing.">Progress in corneal wound healing.</a> Progress in retinal and eye research. 49, 17-45 (2015).</li><li>Zieske, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracellular+matrix+and+wound+healing.">Extracellular matrix and wound healing.</a> Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 12 (4), 237-241 (2001).</li><li>Karamichos, D., Hutcheon, A. E., Zieske, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transforming+growth+factor-beta3+regulates+assembly+of+a+non-fibrotic+matrix+in+a+3D+corneal+model.">Transforming growth factor-beta3 regulates assembly of a non-fibrotic matrix in a 3D corneal model.</a> J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 5 (8), e228-e238 (2011).</li><li>Karamichos, D., Lakshman, N., Petroll, W. 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有几项研究的重点是开发各种动物模型, 可以帮助人们更好地了解角膜疾病以及发现治疗方法。然而, 这些研究对人类的重要价值还没有得到证实。到目前为止, 由于其显著的临床意义, 各种类型的体外模型已经得到了发展和广泛的研究。我们以前建立的 3D在体外模型是一个新的系统, 大大有助于医学科学进步的视觉研究和显示完美的能力, 综述在体内事件在体外<sup class="x...

在人体内, 角膜是最浓密的支配组织。神经是负责的各种感觉, 如触摸, 疼痛, 温度, 也有一个重要的作用, 伤口愈合, 眨眼反射, 撕裂生产, 并分泌5,6,7。在角膜中, 基质神经树干从角膜缘丛中产生, 并放射状地进入周围的角膜基质。基质神经组织是平行的胶原片, 他们进一步分支成更小的束簇, 因为他们走向表面基质5,8。神经纤维进一步穿透上皮层, 从而在角膜上皮和基质中广泛分布。因此, 神经支配在角膜的健康和患病状态中起着至关重要的作用。在这个协议中, 我们揭示了一个新的 3D体外模型的进展, 这是它的第一种模仿体内间质神经相互作用。这项研究使用了 SH-SY5Y 细胞系, 因为它是研究神经元生长的最成熟、最有特征的线之一。SH-SY5Y 细胞线已被描述产生两个基体附着物 (S 型) 和 neuroblastic (N 型) 细胞, 可以接受转分化9。因此, 即使这一细胞线是从三个连续的 N 型细胞克隆的选择, 它也包含了少量的 s-型细胞能够通过使用维甲酸和脑衍生的分化成神经元神经营养因子9。这提供了一个工具, 可能会导致更好地了解与糖尿病视网膜病变 (DM) 和其他眼部疾病相关的角膜并发症。由于与眼部疾病患者获得和培养神经元有关的困难, 这一3D 的体外模型在研究神经元相互作用和与角膜基质的信号传递方面具有重要的意义。
患病的情况往往会影响到身体的各种组织, 在很大的规模, 导致生活质量受损。眼部营养是常见的并发症, 往往与系统性疾病, 导致视力丧失, 甚至永久视力丧失。综合研究往往是必要的, 以更好地了解疾病的情况, 以及在基础细胞水平的影响。为了研究这些疾病的影响, 在组织工程应用的帮助下, 开发了各种体内和体外模型。角膜组织工程应用已在科学的各个领域获得了极大的兴趣10,11,12,13,14, 但仍然有主要的限制实际应用, 包括角膜移植排斥, 感染, 和疤痕10,11,12,13,14。有几项研究已经成功地开发和建立了各种体外模型3、15、16、17、18、 19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26。3D体外模型是最有希望和最具科学意义的。3D 模型可以更好地反映在纤维化和伤口愈合过程中至关重要的体内细胞和生理事件15、27、28、29。这些体外模型在寻找治疗不同疾病 (包括角膜并发症) 的新治疗方法方面起到了不可或缺的作用。尽管神经支配在角膜功能中起着至关重要的作用, 但在角膜组织工程结构中, 几乎没有为促进外周神经元增殖而做出努力2,3。然而, 建议的 3D体外细胞构造模拟目标组织, 以达到所需的组织功能。
虽然糖尿病角膜是一个明显的应用, 在这里所描述的模型, 由于神经元缺陷, 有几个其他的角膜疾病, 可以受益于人类的体外模型, 包括圆锥和福斯营养。我们的3D 模型从这一前景中产生, 并提出了一个体外的角膜组织的表征, 以评估新药的交付和新的眼科药物的安全性。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Healthy corneal tissue</td>
			<td>NDRI</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Samples from donors with no ocular trauma or systemic disease</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#8217;s Phosphate Buffered Solution (1X)</td>
			<td>Gibco by Life Technologies</td>
			<td>14190-144</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile forceps</td>
			<td>Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td>13-812-42</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand Dissecting Extra-Fine-Pointed Splinter Forceps</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Single edge razor blades</td>
			<td>Personna</td>
			<td>270100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile surgical scalpel blades No.10</td>
			<td>Feather Surgical Blade</td>
			<td>2976#10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eagle&#8217;s Minimum Essential Medium</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>30-2003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Atlanta Biologicals</td>
			<td>S11550</td>
			<td>10% FBS is required for media preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antibiotic-Antimycotic (100X)</td>
			<td>Gibco by Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15240-062</td>
			<td>1% Antibiotic-Antimycotic is required for media preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.05% Trypsin EDTA(1X)</td>
			<td>Gibco by Life Technologies</td>
			<td>25300062</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polycarbonate membrane inserts with 0.4-&#956;m pores</td>
			<td>Corning Costar</td>
			<td>3412</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-O-&#945;-Dglucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>SMB00390-14</td>
			<td>A concentration of 0.5 mM should be used for the study</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wax block</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>50-949-027</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma cells</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>SHSY5YATCC CRL-2266</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Retinoic Acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>SRP3014-10UG</td>
			<td>Final concentration of 10uM needs to be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BDNF</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>R2625-100MG</td>
			<td>Final concentration of 2nM needs to be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dimethyl Sulfoxide(DMSO)</td>
			<td>VWR-Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td>67-68-5</td>
			<td>Ultra Pure Grade-Sterile DMSO to be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermo Scientific Nunc Cell Culture Treated EasYFlasks (T25)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-565-351</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermo Scientific Nunc Cell Culture Treated EasYFlasks (T75)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-565-349</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

corneal tissue engineering: an in vitro model of the stromal-nerve interactions of the human cornea

组织工程学得到了大量的承认, 由于对人类角膜置换的高需求, 估计全世界有1000万人患有角膜视力损失1。为了满足对生存的人眼角膜的需求, 三维 (3D) 组织工程已取得重大进展2,3,4。这些角膜模型范围从简单单层系统到多层模型, 导致3D 全厚度角膜等效物2。
然而, 使用3D 组织工程角膜的环境中的体外疾病模型研究迄今缺乏相似的多层3D 角膜组织结构, 功能, 和网络的不同类型的细胞 (即, 神经,上皮, 基质, 和内皮)2,3。此外, 对体外角膜组织模型的需求也有所增加, 试图减少对药物产品的动物试验。因此, 更复杂的模型需要更好地匹配系统, 以人体生理需求, 和发展一个模型, 这是更相关的病人人口是绝对必要的。鉴于角膜中的多种细胞类型受疾病和营养的影响, 如圆锥、糖尿病角膜和福斯, 该模型包括一个由健康捐献者和神经元组成的人角膜成纤维细胞 (HCFs) 的3D 共培养模型。SH-SY5Y 细胞系。这让我们第一次研究人类角膜组织内两种细胞之间的相互作用。我们认为, 这种模式可能会解剖的基础机制与神经间相互作用的角膜疾病, 表现出神经损害。该3D 模型反映了角膜组织的基本解剖和生理特性在体内, 可以作为一种工具, 用于研究角膜缺损以及在动物试验前筛选各种药物的功效。

图 1是工作 3D体外模型的一步一步代表图像。第一步, 细胞与人类角膜隔绝。然后, 他们生长在聚碳酸酯膜和刺激与维生素 C 组装一个自分泌的3D 矩阵。这个3D 构造系统诱导了多层细胞在体内样基质基质的合成。此后, 神经母细胞瘤在基质细胞的顶端被播种, 然后启动神经细胞分化。这导致了角膜基质细胞和分化神经元细胞在 3D体外...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Corneal Tissue Engineering: An In Vitro Model of the Stromal-nerve Interactions of the Human Cornea at JoVE.com

Corneal Tissue Engineering: An In Vitro Model of the Stromal-nerve Interactions of the Human Cornea

本议定书描述了一个新的三维的体外模型, 其中角膜基质细胞和分化的神经细胞被培养在一起, 以协助检查和理解两种细胞的相互作用。

角膜组织工程: 人角膜间质神经相互作用的体外模型

Tissue engineering has gained substantial recognition due to the high demand for human cornea replacements with an estimated 10 million people worldwide ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Corneal Tissue Engineering: An In Vitro Model of the Stromal-nerve Interactions of the Human Cornea

Analysis of Zebrafish Larvae Skeletal Muscle Integrity with Evans Blue Dye

斑马鱼幼虫骨骼肌诚信与伊文思蓝分析

The zebrafish model is an emerging system for the study of neuromuscular disorders.  In the study of neuromuscular diseases, the integrity of the muscle ...

科研

发育生物学

Differentiation of the SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line

在SH-SY5Y人神经母细胞瘤分化

Having appropriate in vivo and in vitro systems that provide translational models for human disease is an integral aspect of research in neurobiology and ...

A Method for Lineage Tracing of Corneal Cells Using Multi-color Fluorescent Reporter Mice

方法对角膜细胞的谱系追踪使用多色荧光记者小鼠

Lineage tracing experiments define the origin, fate and behavior of cells in a specific tissue or organism. This technique has been successfully applied ...

Development of an In Vitro Assay to Evaluate Contractile Function of Mesenchymal Cells that Underwent Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Development of an In Vitro Assay to Evaluate Contractile Function of Mesenchymal Cells that Underwent Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

的发展<em&gt;体外</em&gt;检测以确定间充质细胞将经历上皮 - 间质转化的收缩功能

Fibrosis is often involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic progressive diseases such as interstitial pulmonary disease. Pathological hallmark is ...

Conditional Reprogramming of Pediatric Human Esophageal Epithelial Cells for Use in Tissue Engineering and Disease Investigation

小儿食管上皮细胞重编程的条件在组织工程和疾病使用调查

Identifying and expanding patient-specific cells in culture for use in tissue engineering and disease investigation can be very challenging. Utilizing ...

A 5-mC Dot Blot Assay Quantifying the DNA Methylation Level of Chondrocyte Dedifferentiation In Vitro

A 5-mC Dot Blot Assay Quantifying the DNA Methylation Level of Chondrocyte Dedifferentiation In Vitro

5-mC点印迹测定定量软骨细胞去分化的DNA甲基化水平<em&gt;体外</em

The dedifferentiation of hyaline chondrocytes into fibroblastic chondrocytes often accompanies monolayer expansion of chondrocytes in vitro. The global ...

In Vitro Growth of Mouse Preantral Follicles Under Simulated Microgravity

In Vitro Growth of Mouse Preantral Follicles Under Simulated Microgravity

体外模拟微重力下小鼠腔卵泡生长的研究

14 day-old mouse ovarian tissue and preantral follicles isolated from same-aged mice were incubated in a simulated microgravity culture system. We ...

Live Imaging of Mouse Secondary Palate Fusion

小鼠第二腭融合的实时成像

The fusion of the secondary palatal shelves to form the intact secondary palate is a key process in mammalian development and its disruption can lead to ...

Dissection and Immunofluorescent Staining of Mushroom Body and Photoreceptor Neurons in Adult Drosophila melanogaster Brains

Dissection and Immunofluorescent Staining of Mushroom Body and Photoreceptor Neurons in Adult Drosophila melanogaster Brains

成人果蝇脑内蘑菇体和感光神经元的解剖和荧光染色

Nervous system development involves a sequential series of events that are coordinated by several signaling pathways and regulatory networks. Many of the ...

Cell Aggregation Assays to Evaluate the Binding of the Drosophila Notch with Trans-Ligands and its Inhibition by Cis-Ligands

Cell Aggregation Assays to Evaluate the Binding of the Drosophila Notch with Trans-Ligands and its Inhibition by Cis-Ligands

细胞聚集法评价果蝇切口与反式配体的结合及其对顺式配体的抑制作用

Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved cell-cell communication system used broadly in animal development and adult maintenance. Interaction of the ...