Name: detection of mitochondria membrane potential to study clic4 knockdown-induced hn4 cell apoptosis in vitro
Uploaded: 2018-07-17T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Detection of Mitochondria Membrane Potential to Study CLIC4 Knockdown-induced HN4 Cell Apoptosis In Vitro at JoVE.com

我们感谢赵先生的细胞培养。这项工作得到了中国自然科学基金的资助 (81570403、81371284号赠款);安徽省自然科学基金 (批准号: 1408085MH158);安徽医科大学优秀青年研究员;安徽省高校优秀青年人才支持方案。

1. 细胞培养和转染
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细胞培养 注: HN4, HNSCC 细胞系, 来源于 HNSCC14的患者。<ol>
<li>Dulbecco 修饰鹰培养基中的培养 HN4 细胞 (DMEM, 4.5 克/升葡萄糖) 补充10% 胎牛血清和抗生素 (100 毫升/ml 青霉素和100µg/毫升链霉素)。孵育细胞在37°c 与 5% CO2。</li>
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细胞转染
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<li>在转染前的一天, 5 x 105细胞在2毫升/井培养基中没有抗生素?...

<ol>
	<li>Chen, J., Liao, W., Gao, W., Huang, J., Gao, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intermittent+hypoxia+protects+cerebral+mitochondrial+function+from+calcium+overload.">Intermittent hypoxia protects cerebral mitochondrial function from calcium overload.</a> Acta Neurol Belg. 113, 507-513 (2013).</li><li>Gogol, P., Trzci&#324;ska, M., Bry&#322;a, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Motility,+mitochondrial+membrane+potential+and+ATP+content+of+rabbit+spermatozoa+stored+in+extender+supplemented+with+GnRH+analogue+[des-Gly10,+D-Ala6]-LH-RH+ethylamide.">Motility, mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content of rabbit spermatozoa stored in extender supplemented with GnRH analogue [des-Gly10, D-Ala6]-LH-RH ethylamide.</a> Pol J Vet Sci. 17, (2014).</li><li>Machiels, J. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advances+in+the+management+of+squamous+cell+carcinoma+of+the+head+and+neck.">Advances in the management of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.</a> F1000Prime Rep. 6, 44 (2014).</li><li>Behera, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Concurrent+therapy+with+taxane+versus+non-taxane+containing+regimens+in+locally+advanced+squamous+cell+carcinomas+of+the+head+and+neck+(SCCHN):+a+systematic+review.">Concurrent therapy with taxane versus non-taxane containing regimens in locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN): a systematic review.</a> Oral Oncol. 50, 888-894 (2014).</li><li>Pancari, P., Mehra, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systemic+therapy+for+squamous+cell+carcinoma+of+the+head+and+neck.">Systemic therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.</a> Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America. 24, 437-454 (2015).</li><li>Peretti, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chloride+channels+in+cancer:+Focus+on+chloride+intracellular+channel+1+and+4+(CLIC1+AND+CLIC4)+proteins+in+tumor+development+and+as+novel+therapeutic+targets.">Chloride channels in cancer: Focus on chloride intracellular channel 1 and 4 (CLIC1 AND CLIC4) proteins in tumor development and as novel therapeutic targets.</a> Biochim Biophys Acta. 1848, 2523-2531 (2015).</li><li>Jentsch, T. J., Stein, V., Weinreich, F., Zdebik, A. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+structure+and+physiological+function+of+chloride+channels.">Molecular structure and physiological function of chloride channels.</a> Physiol Rev. 82, 503-568 (2002).</li><li>Ponnalagu, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Data+supporting+characterization+of+CLIC1,+CLIC4,+CLIC5+and+DmCLIC+antibodies+and+localization+of+CLICs+in+endoplasmic+reticulum+of+cardiomyocytes.">Data supporting characterization of CLIC1, CLIC4, CLIC5 and DmCLIC antibodies and localization of CLICs in endoplasmic reticulum of cardiomyocytes.</a> Data Brief. 7, 1038-1044 (2016).</li><li>Fernandez-Salas, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=mtCLIC/CLIC4,+an+Organellular+Chloride+Channel+Protein,+Is+Increased+by+DNA+Damage+and+Participates+in+the+Apoptotic+Response+to+p53.">mtCLIC/CLIC4, an Organellular Chloride Channel Protein, Is Increased by DNA Damage and Participates in the Apoptotic Response to p53.</a> Mol Cell Biol. 22, 3610-3620 (2002).</li><li>Suh, K. S., Mutoh, M., Gerdes, M., Yuspa, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CLIC4,+an+intracellular+chloride+channel+protein,+is+a+novel+molecular+target+for+cancer+therapy.">CLIC4, an intracellular chloride channel protein, is a novel molecular target for cancer therapy.</a> J Invest Derm Symp P. 10, 105-109 (2005).</li><li>Zhong, J., Kong, X., Zhang, H., Yu, C., Xu, Y., Kang, J., Yu, H., Yi, H., Yang, X., Sun, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+CLIC4+Enhances+Autophagy+and+Triggers+Mitochondrial+and+ER+Stress-Induced+Apoptosis+in+Human+Glioma+U251+Cells+under+Starvation.">Inhibition of CLIC4 Enhances Autophagy and Triggers Mitochondrial and ER Stress-Induced Apoptosis in Human Glioma U251 Cells under Starvation.</a> PloS one. 7, 39378 (2012).</li><li>Ponnalagu, D., Singh, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anion+Channels+of+Mitochondria.">Anion Channels of Mitochondria.</a> Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. , (2016).</li><li>Leanza, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intracellular+ion+channels+and+cancer.">Intracellular ion channels and cancer.</a> Front Physiol. 4, 227 (2013).</li><li>Kim, S. Y., Chu, K. C., Lee, H. R., Lee, K. S., Carey, T. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment+and+characterization+of+nine+new+head+and+neck+cancer+cell+lines.">Establishment and characterization of nine new head and neck cancer cell lines.</a> Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 117, 775-784 (1997).</li><li>Jia, L., Liu, W., Guan, L., Lu, M., Wang, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+Calcium-Activated+Chloride+Channel+ANO1/TMEM16A+Suppresses+Tumor+Growth+and+Invasion+in+Human+Lung+Cancer.">Inhibition of Calcium-Activated Chloride Channel ANO1/TMEM16A Suppresses Tumor Growth and Invasion in Human Lung Cancer.</a> PloS one. 10, 0136584 (2015).</li><li>Xu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Suppression+of+CLIC4/mtCLIC+enhances+hydrogen+peroxide-induced+apoptosis+in+C6+glioma+cells.">Suppression of CLIC4/mtCLIC enhances hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in C6 glioma cells.</a> Oncol Rep. 29, 1483-1491 (2013).</li><li>Zhu, W., Wang, X., Zhou, Y., Wang, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=C2-ceramide+induces+cell+death+and+protective+autophagy+in+head+and+neck+squamous+cell+carcinoma+cells.">C2-ceramide induces cell death and protective autophagy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells.</a> Int J Mol Sci. 15, 3336-3355 (2014).</li><li>McFarland, R., Taylor, R. W., Turnbull, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+neurological+perspective+on+mitochondrial+disease.">A neurological perspective on mitochondrial disease.</a> Lancet Neurol. 9, 829-840 (2010).</li><li>Alston, C. L., Rocha, M. C., Lax, N. Z., Turnbull, D. M., Taylor, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+genetics+and+pathology+of+mitochondrial+disease.">The genetics and pathology of mitochondrial disease.</a> J Pathol. 241, 236-250 (2017).</li><li>Zhang, W., Wang, X., Chen, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resveratrol+induces+mitochondria-mediated+AIF+and+to+a+lesser+extent+caspase-9-dependent+apoptosis+in+human+lung+adenocarcinoma+ASTC-a-1+cells.">Resveratrol induces mitochondria-mediated AIF and to a lesser extent caspase-9-dependent apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma ASTC-a-1 cells.</a> Mol Cell Biochem. 354, 29-37 (2011).</li><li>Bernardi, P., Rasola, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Calcium+and+cell+death:+the+mitochondrial+connection.">Calcium and cell death: the mitochondrial connection.</a> Subcell Biochem. 45, 481-506 (2007).</li><li>Perveen, S., Yang, J. S., Ha, T. J., Yoon, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cyanidin-3-glucoside+Inhibits+ATP-induced+Intracellular+Free+Ca(2+)+Concentration,+ROS+Formation+and+Mitochondrial+Depolarization+in+PC12+Cells.">Cyanidin-3-glucoside Inhibits ATP-induced Intracellular Free Ca(2+) Concentration, ROS Formation and Mitochondrial Depolarization in PC12 Cells.</a> Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 18, 297-305 (2014).</li><li>Paddock, S. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Principles+and+practices+of+laser+scanning+confocal+microscopy.">Principles and practices of laser scanning confocal microscopy.</a> Mol Biotechnol. 16, 127-149 (2000).</li><li>Paddock, S. 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有充分的文献表明, Cl−通道是必不可少的保持止血的内部环境, 并发挥重要作用, 细胞增殖和凋亡15,16。因此, 了解离子通道靶向干预与细胞凋亡之间的关系, 对于寻找一种更好的治疗方法对17种癌症有很大的必要性和意义。线粒体维持细胞正常的生物状态, 其功能与细胞膜通透性和跨膜电位密切相关。除了癌症, 积累病理调查记?...

Rh123 是一种阳离子荧光染料, 可作为跨膜电位的指标。Rh123 能够穿透细胞膜, 进入线粒体基质, 这取决于细胞膜内外电位的差异1。细胞凋亡导致线粒体膜完整性受损。线粒体通透性过渡孔隙 (MPTP) 将打开并导致基质细胞的崩溃, 从而使 Rh123 释放到线粒体的外部。最后, 在荧光显微镜下检测出更强的绿色荧光信号。有充分的证据表明, 细胞凋亡和高膜通透性的减少是2的早期迹象。因此, Rh123 可用于检测基质金属蛋白酶的变化和细胞凋亡的发生。
头颈癌作为世界上第六大常见的癌症, 严重恶化了一个人的健康3。虽然近年来发展了许多方法, 但治疗头颈部鳞状细胞癌 (HNSCC) 患者的临床疗效仍不理想4。探索新的治疗方法可以提高 HNSCC5的治疗效果。涉及许多生物过程的离子通道在不同的癌症的发展中显示了重要的作用6。氯离子通道的部分或全部参与高度参与了肿瘤转化的各种性质, 包括主动迁移、高增殖率和侵袭性。有鉴于此, 新的蛋白质家族点击已被列为癌症治疗6、7治疗靶点。最近的研究表明, 点击家族的成员, 包括 CLIC1, CLIC4 和 CLIC5, 定位到心脏线粒体和活性氧 (ROS) 水平上调的 CLIC5, 表明线粒体定位 Cl的功能作用-在凋亡反应中的通道8。CLIC4, 点击家族的一个成员 (也称为 mtCLIC, P64H1 和 RS43), 已被广泛研究, 其凋亡调节性质的癌细胞和亚细胞位置, 包括高尔基, 内质网和线粒体的人角质细胞7,9,10。CLIC4 的表达谱由肿瘤坏死因子α (TNF α)、P53 和外部刺激调节。CLIC4 的过度表达和下调引起的凋亡反应主要是通过线粒体通路伴随 Bcl-2 家族成员的不平衡, 活化 caspase 叶栅和释放细胞色素 C11,12,13. 因此, 基质金属蛋白酶的测量对探讨 CLIC4-related 细胞凋亡至关重要, Rh123 是理想的荧光指标。
本研究描述了一个详细的协议, 以检测基质干细胞研究 CLIC4 击倒诱导凋亡的 HN4 细胞。Rh123 用作荧光探针观察基质金属蛋白酶的变化。在普通荧光显微镜和共聚焦激光扫描荧光显微镜下, 可解决该基质金属蛋白酶的实时波动。本文详细讨论了共焦激光扫描荧光显微镜的优点和局限性, 并与其他方法进行了比较。该协议也可应用于其他与凋亡相关的研究。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:1296px;" width="1294">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col span="2" />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:372px;">HNSCC cells</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">CRL-3241</td>
			<td style="width:559px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Polylysine</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>P4981</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;">Specific siRNA for human CLIC4</td>
			<td>Biomics</td>
			<td>NM_013943</td>
			<td style="width:559px;">(accession numbers, NM_013943; corresponding to the cDNA sequence 
			5-GCTGAAGGAGGAGGACAAAGA-3) and scrambled siRNA (5 ACGCGUAACGCGGGAAUUU-3) were designed and obtained from Biomics Company</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Lipofectamine 2000 Transfection Reagent&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>L3000-015</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Opti-MEM I Reduced Serum Medium, GlutaMAX</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>51985-042</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Rhodamine 123, FluoroPure grede</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>R22420</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="46">
			<td height="46" style="height:47px;width:372px;">Dulbecco&#8217;smodified Eagle medium (DMEM, 4.5 g/L glucose)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11965-084</td>
			<td style="width:559px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:372px;">Fetal Bovine Serum, Qualified, Australia Origin</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10099141</td>
			<td style="width:559px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:372px;">Trypsin-EDTA Solution</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>C0201</td>
			<td style="width:559px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:372px;">Antibiotic-Antimycotic, 100X</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15240062</td>
			<td style="width:559px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy</td>
			<td>Leica Microsystems GmbH</td>
			<td>LEICA.SP5-DMI6000-DIC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Nikon Eclipse TE300 Inverted Microscope</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Metaflour, V7.5.0.0</td>
			<td>Universal Imaging Corporation</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Leica application suite, v2.6.0.7266</td>
			<td>Leica Microsystems GmbH</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Microsoft office Excel 2007</td>
			<td>Microsoft</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Sigma Plot 12.5</td>
			<td>Systat Software</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Attofluor Cell Chamber</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A7816</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

detection of mitochondria membrane potential to study clic4 knockdown-induced hn4 cell apoptosis in vitro

线粒体膜电位的耗竭 (基质金属蛋白酶, ΔΨm) 被认为是凋亡级联的最早事件。它甚至发生在核凋亡特征之前, 包括染色质凝结和 DNA 断裂。一旦基质细胞崩溃, 癌细胞的凋亡就会不可逆转地启动。一系列的亲脂阳离子染料可以通过细胞膜和聚集在线粒体基质内, 作为荧光标记来评价基质金属蛋白酶的变化。CLIC4 作为 Cl 胞内通道 (点击)家族的六名成员之一, 主要通过线粒体通路参与细胞凋亡过程。在这里, 我们描述了一个详细的协议, 通过监测罗丹明 123 (Rh123) 的荧光涨落来测量基质, 通过它, 我们研究 CLIC4 的凋亡诱导。本文详细讨论了共焦激光扫描和正常荧光显微镜的优点和局限性, 并与其它方法进行了比较。

在本研究中, Rh123 用于检测基质金属蛋白酶。最初, HN4 细胞被培养为以下荧光染色实验。用镊子将圆形盖玻片放在6井板的底部 (图 1A)。盖玻片涂上多聚赖氨酸5分钟, 然后通过 pipettor 去除多聚赖氨酸 (图 1B)。然后, HN4 细胞被 trypsinized, 并在被放置在6井板底部的盖玻片上播种。接下来, 添加适量的 Rh123, 混?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Detection of Mitochondria Membrane Potential to Study CLIC4 Knockdown-induced HN4 Cell Apoptosis In Vitro at JoVE.com

Detection of Mitochondria Membrane Potential to Study CLIC4 Knockdown-induced HN4 Cell Apoptosis In Vitro

在这里, 我们提出了一个详细的协议, 应用罗丹明123识别线粒体膜电位 (基质) 和研究 CLIC4 击倒诱导 HN4 细胞凋亡的体外。在普通荧光显微镜和共聚焦激光扫描荧光显微镜下, 记录了基质金属蛋白酶的实时变化。

线粒体膜电位检测 CLIC4 击倒诱导 HN4 细胞凋亡的实验研究

Depletion of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, &#916;&#936;m) is considered the earliest event in the apoptotic cascade. It even occurs ahead of ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

Detection of Mitochondria Membrane Potential to Study CLIC4 Knockdown-induced HN4 Cell Apoptosis In Vitro

How to Study Basement Membrane Stiffness as a Biophysical Trigger in Prostate Cancer and Other Age-related Pathologies or Metabolic Diseases

如何学习基底膜刚度生物物理触发在前列腺癌和其他与年龄相关的病理或代谢性疾病

Here we describe a protocol that can be used to study the biophysical microenvironment related to increased thickness and stiffness of the basement ...

科研

癌症研究

Characterization of Cell Membrane Extensions and Studying Their Roles in Cancer Cell Adhesion Dynamics

细胞膜延伸特性及其在癌细胞黏附动力学中的作用研究

The cell membrane&#39;s extension repertoire modulates various malignant behaviors of cancer cells, including their adhesive and migratory potentials. The ...

Flow Cytometric Detection of Newly-formed Breast Cancer Stem Cell-like Cells After Apoptosis Reversal

细胞凋亡逆转后新形成乳腺癌干细胞样细胞的流式细胞仪检测

Cancer recurrence has long been studied by oncologists while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, we and others found that a phenomenon ...

Real Time Detection of In Vitro Tumor Cell Apoptosis Induced by CD8+ T Cells to Study Immune Suppressive Functions of Tumor-infiltrating Myeloid Cells

Real Time Detection of In Vitro Tumor Cell Apoptosis Induced by CD8+ T Cells to Study Immune Suppressive Functions of Tumor-infiltrating Myeloid Cells

cd8+ t 细胞诱导体外肿瘤细胞凋亡的实时检测--研究肿瘤浸润髓内细胞的免疫抑制作用

Potentiation of the tumor-killing ability of CD8+ T cells in tumors, along with their efficient tumor infiltration, is a key element of successful ...

Transfer of Manipulated Tumor-associated Neutrophils into Tumor-Bearing Mice to Study their Angiogenic Potential In Vivo

将操纵的肿瘤相关中性粒细胞转移到肿瘤携带小鼠中,以研究其血管生成潜力在Vivo

The contribution of neutrophils to the regulation of tumorigenesis is getting increased attention. These cells are heterogeneous, and depending on the ...

In Vivo Immunofluorescence Localization for Assessment of Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibody Biodistribution in Cancer Research

在Vivo免疫荧光定位中用于评估癌症研究中的治疗和诊断抗体生物分布

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are important tools in cancer detection, diagnosis, and treatment. They are used to unravel the role of proteins in ...

In Vitro Assay to Study Tumor-macrophage Interaction

体外测定研究肿瘤-巨噬菌体相互作用

Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) account for a large percentage of cells in the tumor mass for different types of cancers. Glioblastoma (GBM), a ...

Cell Cycle-specific Measurement of &#947;H2AX and Apoptosis After Genotoxic Stress by Flow Cytometry

Cell Cycle-specific Measurement of ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â³H2AX and Apoptosis After Genotoxic Stress by Flow Cytometry

细胞周期特异性测量βH2AX和细胞凋亡后热源毒性应力通过流细胞测定

The presented method or slightly modified versions have been devised to study specific treatment responses and side effects of various anti-cancer ...

Using the Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane In Vivo Model to Study Gynecological and Urological Cancers

利用活体中鸡胆膜研究妇科和泌尿癌

Mouse models are the benchmark tests for in vivo cancer studies. However, cost, time, and ethical considerations have led to calls for alternative in vivo ...