Name: dendrimer-based uneven nanopatterns to locally control surface adhesiveness: a method to direct chondrogenic differentiation
Uploaded: 2018-01-20T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dendrimer-based Uneven Nanopatterns to Locally Control Surface Adhesiveness: A Method to Direct Chondrogenic Differentiation at JoVE.com

Gli autori riconoscono Oriol Font-Bach e Albert G. Castaño per il loro aiuto in dmin quantificazione. Riconoscono anche l'unità di microscopia digitale avanzato presso l'Istituto di ricerca in biomedicina (IRB Barcelona) affinché gli autori di registrare il video nei loro locali. Questo lavoro è stato supportato dal Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBER), Spagna. CIBER è che un'iniziativa finanziata dal VI nazionale R & D & i piano 2008-2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, programma Consolider, CIBER azioni e l'Instituto de Salud Carlos III, con il sostegno del Fondo europeo di sviluppo regionale. Questo lavoro è stato supportato dalla Commissione per l'Università e la ricerca del dipartimento innovazione, Università e impresa della Generalitat de Catalunya (2014 SGR 1442). È stato inoltre finanziato dai progetti OLIGOCODES (No. MAT2012-38573-C02) e CTQ2013-41339-P, assegnato dal Ministero spagnolo dell'economia e competitività, in aggiunta a INTERREG va Spagna-Portogallo 2014-2020 POCTEP (0245_IBEROS_1_E). C.R.P riconosce sostegno finanziario dalla concessione Ministero dell'economia e della competitività spagnolo (n. IFI15/00151).

1. preparazione del substrato
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Ricottura 1.4 x 1.1 cm au (111) su substrati di Mica.
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<li>Posizionare il substrato au (111) su un piano di cottura di vetroceramica e temprare con una fiamma butano per 3 min Consenti il substrato per raffreddare sotto un'atmosfera di argon. Ripetere questo passaggio per ogni substrato au (111). Nota: Substrati di au (111) devono essere utilizzati immediatamente dopo la ricottura.</li>
	</ol>
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Preparazione di poli (acido L-lattico) (PLL...

<ol>
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Durante lo sviluppo del protocollo descritto, dovrebbe essere considerato un numero di passaggi critici. Il primo si riferisce alla GNSM caratterizzazione con tecniche di microscopia della sonda di scansione. Per visualizzare il nanopatterns, la superficie dove viene prodotto il patterning deve avere un valore di rugosità di sotto del diametro medio di dendrimeri, che è di circa 4 – 5 nm come misurato da STM (Figura 1B). Inoltre, si dovrebbe tener conto che la formazione immagine ad alta risoluzione ...

Qui descriviamo una procedura semplice e versatile basato su Dendrimero nanopatterning per ottenere superfici di coltura delle cellule che consentono il controllo del locale adesività su nanoscala. Dettagli su scala nanometrica di organizzazione ECM sono stati segnalati,1,2,3 e il nanopatterning di superfici di adesione delle cellule ha fornito le comprensioni profonde il cellulare delle esigenze legate alla adesione4, 5. Gli esperimenti usando micellare basati su Litografia nanopatterns ha rivelato un valore di soglia di circa 70 nm per RGD peptide nanospacing, adesione delle cellule significativamente in ritardo sopra questo valore6,7,8 ,9. Questi studi hanno evidenziato l'influenza maggiore di locali di densità globale ligando delle cellule adesione9,10,11.
Durante la morfogenesi, interazioni cellula con l'ambiente circostante innescano i primi eventi di differenziazione, che continuano fino a quando sono state formate strutture del tessuto complesso finale. In questo quadro, le superfici nanostrutturati sono state usate per affrontare l'influenza delle interazioni cellula-superficie iniziale sulla morfogenesi. Basato su Litografia RGD nanopatterns con una spaziatura laterale di 68 nm a β-tipo Ti-40Nb leghe aiutano a mantenere il fenotipo indifferenziato di liberi cellule staminali12, mentre RGD nanospacings di fra 95 e 150 nm che permettono di migliorare la differenziazione dei cellule staminali mesenchimali (MSCs) verso adipogenico/osteogeniche13,14,15 e condrogenica destini16. Inoltre, autoassemblanti macromolecole modificate con componenti di segnalazione sono stati indicati per diretta adesione delle cellule e differenziazione fornendo il regolamento architettonica su scala nanometrica delle stecche segnalazione17. A questo proposito, la deposizione di dendrimeri con moiety d'interazione delle cellule nella loro sfera esterna18,19,20 sulle superfici è stata utilizzata per lo studio delle cellule adesione21,22, morfologia23,24e migrazione eventi25,26. Tuttavia, la mancanza di caratterizzazione delle superfici in questi studi rende difficile stabilire alcuna correlazione tra Configurazione superficie Dendrimero e risposta cellulare.
Dendrimero nanopatterns con liquido-come ordine e spaziatura definito possono essere ottenuti quando dendrimeri adsorbono a bassa carica superfici dalle soluzioni con bassa forza ionica. 27 sulla base di questa proprietà, qui vi presentiamo un metodo per ottenere nanopatterns su larga scala irregolare di dendrimeri funzionalizzati RGD su superfici di carica bassa che consentono il controllo su scala nanometrica di densità superficiale RGD locale. Angolo di contatto acqua (CA), spettroscopia fotoelettronica a raggi x (XPS) e scansione sonda microscopia tecniche (STM e AFM nanopatterns) Visualizza che densità locale ligando può essere regolato modificando la concentrazione iniziale Dendrimero in soluzione. La densità di superficie RGD locale è quantificata da immagini AFM di contorno mappe di probabilità di distanze minime interparticella e quindi correlata con esperimenti cellulari. Confrontato con altre tecniche di nanopatterning4, basato su Dendrimero nanopatterning è semplice e può essere facilmente scalato per grandi superfici, essendo così completamente compatibile con applicazioni della coltura delle cellule. Nanopatterns vengono utilizzati come substrati bioattivi per valutare l'effetto della densità superficiale di RGD locale su cellula adesione28 e sull'induzione condrogenica di adulto umano MSCs29. I nostri risultati indicano che RGD basati su Dendrimero nanopatterns sostenere la crescita delle cellule e che adesione delle cellule è rinforzata da alta densità di superficie RGD locale. Negli esperimenti di differenziazione, intermedio adesività delle cellule ai substrati favorito MSC condensa e differenziazione condrogenica iniziale. A causa della facilità con cui Dendrimero gruppi periferici possono essere modificati, il metodo qui descritto può essere ulteriormente esteso per altri ligandi di ECM che esercitano effetti di concentrazione-dipendente sulle cellule.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1384">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">Gold (111) on mica. 1.4x1.1 cm&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Spi Supplies</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">466PS-AB</td>
			<td style="width:405px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">Glass micro slides, plain</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">2947-75x25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">Deionized water</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:307px;"></td>
			<td>18M&#937; cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">Ethanol 96%</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">PanReac</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">131085.1212</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:504px;">L-Lactide/DL-Lactide copolymer</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Corbion</td>
			<td style="width:307px;"></td>
			<td>95/05 molar ratio</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:504px;">1,4 - dioxane</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">296309-1L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:504px;">Silicone oil, high temperature</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">174665000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:504px;">Spinner</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Laurell</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">WS-650MZ-23NPP/Lite</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:504px;">Tissue culture laminar flow hood</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Telstar</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">Bio II Advance</td>
			<td>Class II biological safety cabinet</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">Filter unit</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Millex-GP</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">SLGP033RB</td>
			<td>0.22 &#181;m</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">Syringe 10 mL</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Discardit</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">309110</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">Atomic Force microscope</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Veeco Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">Dimension 3000 AFM instrument</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:504px;">Silicon AFM probes</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Budget Sensors</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">Tap300AI-G</td>
			<td>Resonant Freq. 300 kHz, k = 40 N/m</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:504px;">Scanning tunneling microscope</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Molecular Imaging</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">PicoSPM microscope</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:504px;">Pt0.8:Ir0.2 wire</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Advent</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">PT671012</td>
			<td>Diameter 0.25 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:504px;">WSxM 4.0 software</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Nanotec electronica</td>
			<td style="width:307px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">Optical contact angle (CA) system</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Dataphysics</td>
			<td style="width:307px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">SCA20 software</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Dataphysics</td>
			<td style="width:307px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:504px;">X-ray photoelectron spectrometer</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Physical Electronics</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">Perkin-Elmer PHI 5500 Multitechnique System</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">Fibronectin from bovine plasma</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">F1141-1MG</td>
			<td>1.0 mL solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">Dulbecco&#39;s Phosphate Buffer Saline (DPBS)</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">21600-10</td>
			<td>Powder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">Mouse embryo fibroblasts</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">ATCC CRL-1658</td>
			<td>NIH/3T3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:504px;">Dulbecco&#39;s modified eagle medium (DMEM) liquid high glucose</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">11960044</td>
			<td>liquid high glucose, no glutamine, 500 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">16000044</td>
			<td>500 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">L-Glutamine</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">25030</td>
			<td>200 mM (100X)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:504px;">Penicillin-streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">15140</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:504px;">Sodium pyruvate</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">11360039</td>
			<td>100 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">T75 culture flasks</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Nunclon</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">156499</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:504px;">Trypsin</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">25200072</td>
			<td>0,25% EDTA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Hermle Labortechnik</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">Z 206 A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:504px;">Non-tissue culture treated plate, 12 well</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">351143</td>
			<td>Non-adherent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">Adipose-derived hMSCs</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">ATCC PCS-500-011</td>
			<td>Cell vial 1 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">MSC basal medium</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">ATCC PCS-500-030</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">MSC growth kit</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">ATCC PCS-500-040</td>
			<td>Low serum</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">Chondrocyte differentiation tool</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">ATCC PCS-500-051</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">Formalin solution</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">HT5011-15ML</td>
			<td>neutral buffered, 10%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:504px;">Ammonium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">A9434-500G</td>
			<td>for molecular biology, suitable for cell culture, &#8805;99.5%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">Saponin</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">47036-50G-F</td>
			<td>for molecular biology, used as non-ionic surfactant, adjuvant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:504px;">Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">A3059-50G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:504px;">Rabbit monoclonal [Y113] anti-paxillin antibody</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">ab32084</td>
			<td>Diluted 1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">Mouse monoclonal [1F5] anti-collagen alpha-1 XX chain&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Acris Antibodies</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">AM00212PU-N</td>
			<td>Diluted: 1:400</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:504px;">Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) secondary antibody</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">A10667</td>
			<td>2 mg/mL. Diluted 1:1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">Alexa Fluor 568-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) secondary antibody</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">A11036</td>
			<td>2 mg/mL. Diluted 1:1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:504px;">Hoechst 33342</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">H3570 10ML</td>
			<td>10 mg/mL. Diluted 1:1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">Cover glass 24x24 mm</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Deltalab</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">D102424</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:504px;">Fluoromount</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">F4680-25ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:504px;">Epifluorescence Microscope</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Nikon</td>
			<td style="width:307px;">Eclipse E1000 upright microscope</td>
			<td>with a CCD camera</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:504px;">Confocal Microscope</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Leica Microsystems</td>
			<td style="width:307px;"></td>
			<td>Leica SPE Upright Confocal Microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">ImageJ 1.50g freeware</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">http://imgej.nih.gov/ij</td>
			<td style="width:307px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">MATLAB software</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">The MATHWORKS, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:307px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:504px;">OriginPro 8.5 software&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">OriginLab Coorporation</td>
			<td style="width:307px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

dendrimer-based uneven nanopatterns to locally control surface adhesiveness: a method to direct chondrogenic differentiation

Differenziazione e adesione cellulare è condizionata dalla disposizione su scala nanometrica dei componenti della matrice extracellulare (ECM), con concentrazioni locali avendo un effetto importante. Qui presentiamo un metodo per ottenere nanopatterns su larga scala irregolare di arginina-glicina acido aspartico (RGD)-densità di superficie di dendrimeri funzionalizzati che consentono il controllo su scala nanometrica di RGD locale. Nanopatterns sono costituiti da superficie adsorbimento di dendrimeri da soluzioni a diverse concentrazioni iniziali e sono caratterizzate dall'angolo di contatto di acqua (CA), spettroscopia fotoelettronica a raggi x (XPS), e scansione della sonda come tecniche di microscopia scansione microscopio a effetto tunnel (STM) e microscopia a forza atomica (AFM). La densità di superficie locale di RGD viene misurata utilizzando immagini AFM mediante mappe di contorno di probabilità delle distanze minime interparticella e quindi correlato con differenziazione e la risposta di adesione delle cellule. Il metodo nanopatterning presentato qui è una procedura semplice che può essere scalata in modo semplice per grandi superfici. Esso è quindi pienamente compatibile con protocolli della coltura delle cellule e può essere applicato a altri ligandi che esercitano effetti di concentrazione-dipendente sulle cellule.

Presentiamo un metodo nanopatterning che permette adesività superficiale essere affrontati su scala nanometrica (Figura 1). La struttura chimica del RGD-Cys-D1 è mostrata in Figura 1A. Dendrimeri sono stati modellati su superfici conduttive elettriche di au (111) per caratterizzazione di STM ad alta risoluzione. Dendrimero basse concentrazioni in soluzione (fino a 10-5% w/w) resi dendrimeri isolato di 4-5 nm...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dendrimer-based Uneven Nanopatterns to Locally Control Surface Adhesiveness: A Method to Direct Chondrogenic Differentiation at JoVE.com

Dendrimer-based Uneven Nanopatterns to Locally Control Surface Adhesiveness: A Method to Direct Chondrogenic Differentiation

Un metodo per ottenere nanopatterns irregolare Dendrimero-based che consentono il controllo su scala nanometrica di locale arginina-glicina-aspartico (RGD) superficie densità dell'acido è descritto e applicato per lo studio del differenziamento cellulare adesione e chondrogenic.

Basato su Dendrimero Nanopatterns irregolare alla localmente adesività di superficie di controllo: un metodo per dirigere la differenziazione Chondrogenic

Cellular adhesion and differentiation is conditioned by the nanoscale disposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components, with local concentrations ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Measurement of Aggregate Cohesion by Tissue Surface Tensiometry

Misura della coesione aggregata da parte del tessuto superficiale Tensiometry

Rigorous measurement of intercellular binding energy can only be made using methods grounded in thermodynamic principles in systems at equilibrium.  We ...

Ricerca

Bioingegneria

Design of a Cyclic Pressure Bioreactor for the Ex Vivo Study of Aortic Heart Valves

Design of a Cyclic Pressure Bioreactor for the Ex Vivo Study of Aortic Heart Valves

Progettazione di un bioreattore per la pressione ciclica Ex Vivo Studio delle valvole cardiache aortica

The aortic valve, located between the left ventricle and the aorta, allows for unidirectional blood flow, preventing backflow into the ventricle. Aortic ...

Engineering a Bilayered Hydrogel to Control ASC Differentiation

Progettazione di un Hydrogel doppo strato di controllo differenziazione ASC

Natural polymers over the years have gained more importance because of their host biocompatibility and ability to interact with cells in vitro and in ...

A Toolkit to Enable Hydrocarbon Conversion in Aqueous Environments

Un Toolkit per permettere la conversione di idrocarburi in ambienti acquosi

This work puts forward a toolkit that enables the conversion of alkanes by Escherichia coli and presents a proof of principle of its applicability. The ...

A Novel Method for Localizing Reporter Fluorescent Beads Near the Cell Culture Surface for Traction Force Microscopy

Un nuovo metodo per la localizzazione Reporter perline fluorescenti vicino alla superficie coltura cellulare per la trazione microscopia a forza

PA gels have long been used as a platform to study cell traction forces due to ease of fabrication and the ability to tune their elastic properties. When ...

Adapting the Electrospinning Process to Provide Three Unique Environments for a Tri-layered In Vitro Model of the Airway Wall

Adapting the Electrospinning Process to Provide Three Unique Environments for a Tri-layered In Vitro Model of the Airway Wall

Adattamento del processo Electrospinning per fornire tre ambienti unici per un Tri-livello<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Modello della parete delle vie aeree

Electrospinning is a highly adaptable method producing porous 3D fibrous scaffolds that can be exploited in in vitro cell culture. Alterations to ...

An Automated Method to Perform The In Vitro Micronucleus Assay using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

Un metodo automatizzato per eseguire l'analisi in vitro micronucleoutilizzando la citometria del flusso di imaging multispettrale

The in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay is often used to evaluate cytotoxicity and genotoxicity but scoring the assay via manual microscopy is laborious and ...

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control

Metodi sperimentali per studiare il controllo posturale umano

Many components of the nervous and musculoskeletal systems act in concert to achieve the stable, upright human posture. Controlled experiments accompanied ...

Simultaneous Quantification of Selected Kynurenines Analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in Medium Collected from Cancer Cell Cultures

Quantificazione simultanea di kynurenine selezionate analizzate dalla cromatografia liquida-spettrometria di massa in mezzo raccolto da colture cellulari tumorali

The kynurenine pathway and the tryptophan catabolites called kynurenines have received increased attention for their involvement in immune regulation and ...

Single-Cell Optical Action Potential Measurement in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes

Misurazione del potenziale d'azione ottico a singola cellula in cardiomiociti derivati da cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte umane

Conventional intracellular microelectrode techniques to quantify cardiomyocyte electrophysiology are extremely complex, labor intensive, and typically ...