Name: overlapping peptide library to map qa-1 epitopes in a protein
Uploaded: 2017-12-20T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Overlapping Peptide Library to Map Qa-1 Epitopes in a Protein at JoVE.com

Vi takker Penelope Garcia for hendes teknisk bistand og forberedelse af dette manuskript. Dette arbejde blev støttet af en forskning Innovation Grant (RIG) fra Institut for medicin på Loma Linda University (681205-2967) og en pilot tilskud fra National dissemineret sklerose samfundet (PP1685) til XT.

Alle eksperimenter blev udført i overensstemmelse med en institutionel Animal Care og brug protokol godkendes af Animal Care og brug Udvalget på University of Texas i El Paso og Loma Linda University.
1. generation af en OLP biblioteket der dækker hele længden af et Protein
<ol>
	<li>Designe en OLP bibliotek hvor alle peptider er 15-mer i længden, og tilstødende peptider overlappe med 11 aminosyrer. Bemærk: I undersøgelsen MOG OLP sekvens af MOG forløber [Mus musculus] blev hente...

<ol>
	<li>Aldrich, C. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+a+Tap-dependent+leader+peptide+recognized+by+alloreactive+T+cells+specific+for+a+class+Ib+antigen.">Identification of a Tap-dependent leader peptide recognized by alloreactive T cells specific for a class Ib antigen.</a> Cell. 79 (4), 649-658 (1994).</li><li>Vance, R. E., Kraft, J. R., Altman, J. D., Jensen, P. E., Raulet, D. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+CD94/NKG2A+is+a+natural+killer+cell+receptor+for+the+nonclassical+major+histocompatibility+complex+(MHC)+class+I+molecule+Qa-1(b).">Mouse CD94/NKG2A is a natural killer cell receptor for the nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule Qa-1(b).</a> J Exp Med. 188 (10), 1841-1848 (1998).</li><li>Oliveira, C. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+nonpolymorphic+MHC+Qa-1+mediates+CD8++T+cell+surveillance+of+antigen-processing+defects.">The nonpolymorphic MHC Qa-1 mediates CD8+ T cell surveillance of antigen-processing defects.</a> J Exp Med. 207 (1), 207-221 (2010).</li><li>Nagarajan, N. A., Gonzalez, F., Shastri, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nonclassical+MHC+class+Ib-restricted+cytotoxic+T+cells+monitor+antigen+processing+in+the+endoplasmic+reticulum.">Nonclassical MHC class Ib-restricted cytotoxic T cells monitor antigen processing in the endoplasmic reticulum.</a> Nat Immunol. 13 (6), 579-586 (2012).</li><li>Hu, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+regulatory+CD8+T+cells+in+Qa-1-deficient+mice.">Analysis of regulatory CD8 T cells in Qa-1-deficient mice.</a> Nat Immunol. 5 (5), 516-523 (2004).</li><li>Tang, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+immunity+by+a+novel+population+of+Qa-1-restricted+CD8alphaalpha+TCRalphabeta++T+cells.">Regulation of immunity by a novel population of Qa-1-restricted CD8alphaalpha+TCRalphabeta+ T cells.</a> J Immunol. 177 (11), 7645-7655 (2006).</li><li>Leavenworth, J. W., Tang, X., Kim, H. J., Wang, X., Cantor, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amelioration+of+arthritis+through+mobilization+of+peptide-specific+CD8++regulatory+T+cells.">Amelioration of arthritis through mobilization of peptide-specific CD8+ regulatory T cells.</a> J Clin Invest. 123 (3), 1382-1389 (2013).</li><li>Wu, Y., Zheng, Z., Jiang, Y., Chess, L., Jiang, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+specificity+of+T+cell+regulation+that+enables+self-nonself+discrimination+in+the+periphery.">The specificity of T cell regulation that enables self-nonself discrimination in the periphery.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106 (2), 534-539 (2009).</li><li>Panoutsakopoulou, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Suppression+of+autoimmune+disease+after+vaccination+with+autoreactive+T+cells+that+express+Qa-1+peptide+complexes.">Suppression of autoimmune disease after vaccination with autoreactive T cells that express Qa-1 peptide complexes.</a> J Clin Invest. 113 (8), 1218-1224 (2004).</li><li>Tang, X., Maricic, I., Kumar, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anti-TCR+antibody+treatment+activates+a+novel+population+of+nonintestinal+CD8+alpha+alpha++TCR+alpha+beta++regulatory+T+cells+and+prevents+experimental+autoimmune+encephalomyelitis.">Anti-TCR antibody treatment activates a novel population of nonintestinal CD8 alpha alpha+ TCR alpha beta+ regulatory T cells and prevents experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.</a> J Immunol. 178 (10), 6043-6050 (2007).</li><li>Holderried, T. A., Lang, P. A., Kim, H. J., Cantor, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+disruption+of+CD8++Treg+activity+enhances+the+immune+response+to+viral+infection.">Genetic disruption of CD8+ Treg activity enhances the immune response to viral infection.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 110 (52), 21089-21094 (2013).</li><li>Wang, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeting+Non-classical+Myelin+Epitopes+to+Treat+Experimental+Autoimmune+Encephalomyelitis.">Targeting Non-classical Myelin Epitopes to Treat Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.</a> Sci Rep. 6, 36064 (2016).</li><li>Lo, W. F., Dunn, C. D., Ong, H., Metcalf, E. S., Soloski, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bacterial+and+host+factors+involved+in+the+major+histocompatibility+complex+class+Ib-restricted+presentation+of+Salmonella+Hsp+60:+novel+pathway.">Bacterial and host factors involved in the major histocompatibility complex class Ib-restricted presentation of Salmonella Hsp 60: novel pathway.</a> Infect Immun. 72 (5), 2843-2849 (2004).</li><li>Xu, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+nucleocapsid+protein+of+Rift+Valley+fever+virus+is+a+potent+human+CD8++T+cell+antigen+and+elicits+memory+responses.">The nucleocapsid protein of Rift Valley fever virus is a potent human CD8+ T cell antigen and elicits memory responses.</a> PLoS One. 8 (3), e59210 (2013).</li><li>Schumacher, T. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Peptide+selection+by+MHC+class+I+molecules.">Peptide selection by MHC class I molecules.</a> Nature. 350 (6320), 703-706 (1991).</li><li>Zhang, X., Goncalves, R., Mosser, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+isolation+and+characterization+of+murine+macrophages.">The isolation and characterization of murine macrophages.</a> Curr Protoc Immunol. , (2008).</li><li>Guo, H. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Different+length+peptides+bind+to+HLA-Aw68+similarly+at+their+ends+but+bulge+out+in+the+middle.">Different length peptides bind to HLA-Aw68 similarly at their ends but bulge out in the middle.</a> Nature. 360 (6402), 364-366 (1992).</li><li>Soloski, M. J., Metcalf, E. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+involvement+of+class+Ib+molecules+in+the+host+response+to+infection+with+Salmonella+and+its+relevance+to+autoimmunity.">The involvement of class Ib molecules in the host response to infection with Salmonella and its relevance to autoimmunity.</a> Microbes Infect. 3 (14-15), 1249-1259 (2001).</li><li>Smith, T. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dendritic+cells+use+endocytic+pathway+for+cross-priming+class+Ib+MHC-restricted+CD8alphaalpha+TCRalphabeta++T+cells+with+regulatory+properties.">Dendritic cells use endocytic pathway for cross-priming class Ib MHC-restricted CD8alphaalpha+TCRalphabeta+ T cells with regulatory properties.</a> J Immunol. 182 (11), 6959-6968 (2009).</li><li>Kalra, A., Mukherjee, P., Chauhan, V. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+fine+specificity+of+the+immune+response+to+a+Plasmodium+falciparum+rhoptry+neck+protein,+PfAARP.">Characterization of fine specificity of the immune response to a Plasmodium falciparum rhoptry neck protein, PfAARP.</a> Malar J. 15, 457 (2016).</li><li>Kambayashi, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+nonclassical+MHC+class+I+molecule+Qa-1+forms+unstable+peptide+complexes.">The nonclassical MHC class I molecule Qa-1 forms unstable peptide complexes.</a> J Immunol. 172 (3), 1661-1669 (2004).</li></ol>

Her har vi beskrevet en protokol til at analysere Qa-1 epitoper i et protein. I forbindelse med denne protokol rapporteret flere andre strategier også tidligere. Første, allogene CD8+ T cellelinjer og kloner blev anvendt til identifikation af Qdm1. For det andet blev en formodede Qa-1-bindende motiv fra analysen af Qdm brugt til identifikation af HSP60p216-224 og en TCRBV8.1 epitop9,18. Tredje, individuelle overlappende peptid...

QA-1 tilhører en gruppe af ikke-klassisk store histocompatibility komplekse 1b (MHC-Ib) molekyler i mus. Dens menneskelige homolog er HLA-E. Tidligere beviser har vist, at Qa-1 molekyler vigtige biologiske funktioner. For det første, Qa-1 molekyler spiller en vigtig rolle i landmåling celler til strukturelle og funktionelle integritet. I denne henseende har Qa-1 molekyler udviklet flere strategier til at overvåge den normale funktion af en celle. En sådan strategi giver Qa-1 molekyler til form komplekser med en forarbejdede leder peptid (epitop), dvs Qa-1 determinant modifier (Qdm), der er forarbejdet på basis af klassisk MHC-Ia molekyler i det endoplasmatiske reticulum1. Disse Qa-1/Qdm komplekser senere vises på overfladen af en celle og binde til hæmmende NKG2A receptorer på NK-celler til at hæmme NK dræbe aktivitet2. Hvis udtryk af MHC-Ia molekyler er tabt, bliver en celle (f.eks. en ondartet celle) følsom over for NK dræbe2. Anden strategien giver Qa-1 molekyler til at danne nye Qa-1/epitop komplekser på overfladen af en celle, der er mangelfuld i TAP (transporter tilknyttet antigen behandling)3 og/eller ERAAP (endoplasmatiske reticulum aminopeptidase tilknyttet antigen behandling)4 (begge mangler ofte forekommer i maligne celler). Den celle, der udtrykker disse nye Qa-1/epitop komplekser kan derefter blive anerkendt og elimineret af epitop-specifikke Qa-1-begrænset CD8+ T celler. For det andet fremkalde Qa-1 molekyler immun regulation5. I denne henseende Qa-1/epitop komplekser har vist sig at stimulere CD8+ regulerende T (langsomme) celler, der er vigtige for forebyggelse af immun-medieret beskadigelse af self-væv6,7,8 ,9,10. For det tredje, Qa-1-begrænset CD8+ langsomme celler har vist sig at begrænse immunrespons mod viral infektion11.
Derfor specifikke augmentation af epitop-specifikke Qa-1-restrictred CD8+ T celler er et potentielt lovende strategi for fjernelse af unormale celler, styrkelse af immunforsvaret regulering og kontrol af omfanget af virus-induceret immunrespons. Mens det er ikke fastslået om forstærkning af epitop-specifikke Qa-1-begrænset CD8+ T celler kan øge immune overvågning og begrænse virus-induceret immunrespons, vores laboratorier og andre har klart vist, at vaccination med Qa-1 epitoper kan forøge funktionen af Qa-1-begrænset CD8+ langsomme celler specifikke for patogene autoimmune CD4+ T celler, fører til effektiv kontrol af CD4+ T-celle-medieret autoimmune sygdomme i en række dyre modeller som eksperimentelle allergisk encephalomyelitis (en dyremodel af human multipel sklerose)6,10, kollagen induceret artritis (en dyremodel af human leddegigt)7, og ikke-fede diabetes (en dyremodel af human type 1 diabetes)8. Derudover har vi opdaget, at vaccination med en væv-specifikke Qa-1 epitop fører til specifikke kontrol af immun-medieret betændelse i dette væv gennem forstærkning af CD8+ langsomme celler12. De ovenstående succeser i prækliniske studier indikerer et behov for en fuld evaluering af Qa-1 epitop immunisering til behandling af væv-specifik immun-medierede sygdomme og potentielt til behandling af andre sygdomme forbundet med fejl og mangler i TAP og ERAAP.
Derfor er der et krav om en teknologi, der kan hurtigt og pålideligt analysere Qa-1 epitoper i et protein. I denne forbindelse er et begrænset antal biologisk vigtige Qa-1 epitoper blevet beskrevet. De fleste af disse Qa-1 epitoper blev identificeret serendipitously i løbet af undersøgelsen af CD8+ T celle svar til bakterier13, celler mangelfuld i TAP3, celler mangelfuld i ERAAP4og celler, der forårsager EAE6, 9. Derfor er en høj overførselshastighed teknik ønskeligt for identifikation af biologisk vigtige Qa-1 epitoper i et defineret protein. I følgende beskriver vi en overlappende peptid (OLP) bibliotek strategi, der knytter funktionelle Qa-1 epitoper i et protein ved hjælp af Qa-1-resrticted CD8+ T-celle linier specifikke for OLP pool (OLP_pool) af et protein.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>The protein to be analyzed</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Sequence of the protein can be obtained from NCBI</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Cat#: D2650 SIGMA</td>
			<td>DMSO should be sterile and cell culture tested.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kb-/-Db-/- mice</td>
			<td>The Lackson Laboratory</td>
			<td>Stock#: 019995</td>
			<td>We used Taconic H2-KbH2-Db doube knockout mice (Cat#: 4215-F and 4215-M) which however are not available anymore.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AIM V Serum Free Medium</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>Cat#: 12055091</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>Cat#: 21985023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium pyruvate</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>Cat#: 11360070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nonessential Amino Acids</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>Cat#: 11140076</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dynabeads CD8 Positive Isolation Kit</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>Cat#: 11333D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bio-Gel P-100</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>Cat#: 150-4171</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phoshate Balanced Solution (PBS)</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>Cat#: 20012027</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trasfer pipette</td>
			<td>Globe Scientific</td>
			<td>Mfg#: 137238</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Murine M-CSF</td>
			<td>PeproTech</td>
			<td>Cat#: 315-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>48-well tissue culture plates</td>
			<td>USA Scientific</td>
			<td>Cat#: CC7682-7548</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Corning Costar TC-treated Multiple well Plates, 96-well, V-shaped bottom</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Cat#: Z372129 Sigma</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1ml deep 06-well PP plate, sterile</td>
			<td>USA Scientific</td>
			<td>Item#: 1896-1110</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant murine IL-2</td>
			<td>PeproTech</td>
			<td>Cat#: 212-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant murine IL-7</td>
			<td>PeproTech</td>
			<td>Cat#L: 217-17</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Capture anti-IFN-&#947; antibody</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>Cat#: 551881</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ELISPOT plate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Cat#: S2EM004M99</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C1R</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>Cat#: ATCC CRL-1993</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C1R.Qa-1b</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Custom made (GenBank access#: NM_010398.3)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Qa-1 lentiviral vector</td>
			<td>GeneCopoeia</td>
			<td>Product#: Mm02955</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Detection anti-IFN-&#947; antibody</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>Cat#: 551881</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween20</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Cat#: P9416</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Streptavidin-HRP</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>Cat#: BD557630</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AEC substrate</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>Cat#: 551951</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ImmunoSpot Analyzer</td>
			<td>ImmunoSpot</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Any immunoSpot analyer should work for this purpose.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

overlapping peptide library to map qa-1 epitopes in a protein

QA-1 (HLA-E i menneskelige) tilhører en gruppe af ikke-klassisk store histocompatibility komplekse 1b (MHC-Ib) molekyler. De seneste data tyder på, at Qa-1 molekyler spiller en vigtig rolle i landmåling celler til strukturelle og funktionelle integritet, inducerende immun forordning og begrænse immunrespons Virale infektioner. Derudover funktionelle augmentation af Qa-1-begrænset CD8+ T-celler gennem epitop immunisering har vist terapeutiske virkninger i flere autoimmune sygdom dyremodeller, fx eksperimentelle allergisk encephalomyelitis, kollagen induceret artritis, og ikke-overvægtig diabetes. Derfor er der et presserende behov for en metode, der kan effektivt og hurtigt identificere funktionelle Qa-1 epitoper i et protein. Her, vi beskriver en protokol, der udnytter Qa-1-begrænset CD8+ T-celle linier specifikke for en overlappende peptid (OLP) bibliotek til bestemmelse af Qa-1 epitoper i et protein. Denne OLP bibliotek indeholder 15-mer overlappende peptider, der dækker hele længden af et protein, og tilstødende peptider overlappe med 11 aminosyrer. Ved hjælp af denne protokol, identificeret vi for nylig en 9-mer Qa-1 epitop i myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). Dette nyligt tilknyttede MOG Qa-1 epitop blev vist sig at fremkalde epitop-specifikke, Qa-1-begrænset CD8+ T celler, forbedret myelin-specifik immun jf. Denne protokol er derfor nyttig for fremtidige undersøgelse af nye mål og funktioner af Qa-1-begrænset CD8+ T celler.

Design af en OLP biblioteket der dækker hele længden af et protein
Begynder på N-terminus af et protein, er hver peptid 15 aminosyrer (15-mer). Dermed, det første peptid spænder fra position 1 til positionen 15. N-terminus af den anden peptid overlapper med C-terminus af den første peptid af 11 aminosyre. Derfor, den anden peptid spænder position 5 position 19. Design resten af peptider til slutningen af C-terminus protein (...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Overlapping Peptide Library to Map Qa-1 Epitopes in a Protein at JoVE.com

Overlapping Peptide Library to Map Qa-1 Epitopes in a Protein

Overlappende peptid Bibliotek kortlægge Qa-1 epitoper i et Protein

QA-1 (HLA-E i menneskelige) tilhører en gruppe af ikke-klassisk store histocompatibility komplekse 1b molekyler. Vaccination med Qa-1-bindende epitoper har vist sig at forøge væv-specifik immun regulering og rette op på flere autoimmune sygdomme. Heri beskrives en overlappende peptid bibliotek strategi til identifikation af Qa-1 epitoper i et protein.

Qa-1 (HLA-E in human) belongs to a group of non-classical major histocompatibility complex 1b (MHC-Ib) molecules. Recent data suggest that Qa-1 molecules ...

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Use of Artificial Sputum Medium to Test Antibiotic Efficacy Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Conditions More Relevant to the Cystic Fibrosis Lung

Use of Artificial Sputum Medium to Test Antibiotic Efficacy Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Conditions More Relevant to the Cystic Fibrosis Lung

Brug af kunstig Sputum Medium til Test antibiotikum Effekt mod<em&gt; Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em&gt; I forhold mere relevante for cystisk fibrose Lung

There  is growing concern about the relevance of in vitro antimicrobial  susceptibility tests when applied to isolates of P. aeruginosa from  cystic ...

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions

En komparativ tilgang til at karakterisere Landskab værtspatogene protein-protein interaktioner

Significant efforts were gathered to generate  large-scale comprehensive protein-protein interaction network maps. This is  instrumental to understand the ...

Total Protein Extraction and 2-D Gel Electrophoresis Methods for Burkholderia Species

Total Protein Extraction and 2-D Gel Electrophoresis Methods for Burkholderia Species

Total protein Udvinding og 2-D gelelektroforese Metoder til<em&gt; Burkholderia</em&gt; Arter

The investigation of  the intracellular protein levels of bacterial species is of importance to  understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of diseases ...

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood

En hurtig metode til Blood Processing at øge udbyttet af Plasma-peptid niveauer i Human Blood

Research in the field of food intake regulation is gaining importance. This often includes the measurement of peptides regulating food intake. For the ...

Analysis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in Rhesus Macaques by Peptide-MHC-I Tetramer Staining

Analysis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in Rhesus Macaques by Peptide-MHC-I Tetramer Staining

Analyse af Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-specifikke CD8<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; T-celler i makakaber efter Peptid-MHC-I tetramerfarvning

Peptide-major histocompatibility complex class I (pMHC-I) tetramers have been an invaluable tool to study CD8+ T-cell responses. Because these reagents ...

Peptide Scanning-assisted Identification of a Monoclonal Antibody-recognized Linear B-cell Epitope

Peptid Scanning-assisteret Identifikation af et monoklonalt antistof-anerkendt Linear B-celleepitop

The identification of an antigenic epitope by the immune system allows for the understanding of the protective mechanism of neutralizing antibodies that ...

Creation of a Dense Transposon Insertion Library Using Bacterial Conjugation in Enterobacterial Strains Such As Escherichia Coli or Shigella flexneri

Creation of a Dense Transposon Insertion Library Using Bacterial Conjugation in Enterobacterial Strains Such As Escherichia Coli or Shigella flexneri

Oprettelsen af en tætte Transposon indsættelse bibliotek ved hjælp af bakteriel konjugation i Enterobacterial stammer som Escherichia Coli eller Shigella flexneri

Transposon mutagenesis is a method that allows gene disruption via the random genomic insertion of a piece of DNA called a transposon. The protocol below ...

Overexpression and Purification of Human Cis-prenyltransferase in Escherichia coli

Overexpression and Purification of Human Cis-prenyltransferase in Escherichia coli

Overekspression og oprensning af mennesket<em&gt; Cis</em&gt; -prenyltransferase i<em&gt; Escherichia coli</em

Prenyltransferases (PT) are a group of enzymes that catalyze chain elongation of allylic diphosphate using isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) via multiple ...

A Novel Feeder-free System for Mass Production of Murine Natural Killer Cells In Vitro

A Novel Feeder-free System for Mass Production of Murine Natural Killer Cells In Vitro

En roman Feeder-fri ordning for masseproduktion af Murine naturlige dræberceller In Vitro

Natural killer (NK) cells belong to the innate immune system and are a first-line anti-cancer immune defense; however, they are suppressed in the tumor ...