Name: determining genome-wide transcript decay rates in proliferating and quiescent human fibroblasts
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HAC var Milton E. Cassel forskeren Rita Allen Foundation (http://www.ritaallenfoundation.org). Dette arbeidet ble finansiert av tilskudd til HAC av National Institute of General Medical Sciences Excellence grant P50 GM071508 (pi David Botstein), PhRMA Foundation grant 2007RSGl9572, National Science Foundation Grant OCI-1047879 til David August, National Institute of General Medical Sciences R01 GM081686, National Institute of generelle medisinske basalfag R01 GM0866465, Eli &#38; Edythe bred Center for regenerativ medisin &#38; stamcelleforskning, Iris Cantor Women's Health Center/UCLA CTSI NIH Grant UL1TR000124, og leukemi Lymphoma Society. Forskningen i denne publikasjonen ble støttet av National Cancer Institute av National Institutes of Health under prisen nummer P50CA092131. Fond ikke hadde noen rolle i studien design, innsamling og analyse, beslutningen om å publisere eller utarbeidelse av manuskriptet. HAC er medlem av den &#38; Edythe bred Center for regenerativ medisin &#38; stamcelleforskning, UCLA Molecular Biology Institutt og UCLA bioinformatikk interdepartemental programmet.

Alle eksperimenter beskrevet ble godkjent av Institutional Review Boards ved Princeton University og University of California, Los Angeles.
1. klargjør voksende og kontakt-hemmet fibroblaster for ActD gang kurs
Merk: Denne protokollen bruker en timecourse med fire timepoints. Tre biologisk uavhengige utvalg kan samles per timepoint ved å samle ulike vev kultur plater i ett eksperiment eller eksperimentet kan gjentas flere ganger med ulike kulturer av celler. I vår ...

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Gågaten kan indusert ved ekstern signaler inkludert tilbaketrekking av mitogens eller serum, mangel på celleadhesjon og kontakt hemming. Kontakt hemming, én av flere mulige metoder for å indusere gågaten, er en svært evolusjonært bevarte prosess der celler avslutte proliferativ celle syklusen svar til celle til celle kontakt. Vi fokuserer her på kontakt hemming som et eksempel på en metode for å indusere gågaten. Tidligere studier har rapportert at celle-celle kontakt kan påvirke microRNA biogenesis<sup class...

Steady state nivåer av transkripsjoner gjenspeiler bidrag av både transkripsjon syntese og transkripsjon forfall. Regulert og koordinert transkripsjon forfallet er en viktig mekanisme for å kontrollere biologiske prosesser1,2,3,4. For eksempel har transkripsjon forfall priser blitt vist å bidra til den timelige rekken hendelser etter aktivering av inflammatoriske cytokin tumor nekrose faktor5.
Vi har tidligere vist at overgangen mellom spredning og gågaten i primære menneskelig fibroblaster er forbundet med endringer i transkripsjon nivåer av mange gener6. Noen av disse endringene gjenspeiler forskjeller i aktiviteten til transkripsjonsfaktorer mellom disse to landene.
Endringer i en transkripsjon forfallet rate kan også bidra til endringer i hvilket uttrykk med en utskrift i to forskjellige stater7,8. Basert på våre tidligere funn at overgangen mellom spredning og gågaten er knyttet til endringer i nivået av flere microRNAs9, spurte vi om det er også et bidrag fra differensial transkripsjon forfall i endringene i genuttrykk i voksende versus quiescent fibroblaster.
For å overvåke transkripsjon stabilitet, bestemt vi frekvensen av forfallet av transkripsjoner genomet hele i voksende versus quiescent celler. For å oppnå dette, overvåket vi forfall priser i voksende versus quiescent fibroblaster ved å innføre en inhibitor av nye transkripsjon og overvåking frekvens som individuelle transkripsjoner forsvant over tid. Fordelen med denne tilnærmingen er at i forhold til metoder som bare overvåke samlede genuttrykk, begrenser ny transkripsjon syntese, vil vi kunne bestemme forfallet rate for disse transkripsjonene separat fra sats som de er transkribert.
ActD behandling for å hemme nye transkripsjon og bestemme transkripsjon forfall priser har vært anvendt i flere tidligere studier. ActD er brukt til å analysere betydningen av RNA stabilitet i endringene i transkripsjon overflod som følge av behandling med pro-inflammatoriske cytokiner5. En lignende tilnærming er også brukt til å analysere forskjellene i transkripsjon forfallet rate i voksende versus differensierte C2C12 celler som de vedta en differensiert muskel fenotypen10. Eksempel global mRNA halv-liv har også blitt oppdaget i pluripotent og differensiert mus embryonale stamceller11. I disse eksemplene har mRNA decay vist seg å være viktig for å regulere transkripsjon overflod og for overgangen til cellene til ulike celle stater.
Bruke metodene som er beskrevet nedenfor, oppdaget vi endringer i transkripsjon forfall priser i ca 500 gener når sammenlignende fibroblaster i voksende og quiescent stater12. Spesielt oppdaget vi at målene for den microRNA miR-29, som er downregulated i quiescent celler, er stabilisert når celler overgang til gågaten. Her beskriver vi metodene vi pleide å bestemme forfall priser i voksende og quiescent celler. Denne metoden er nyttig for å sammenligne globale mRNA forfall priser i to forskjellige men lignende forhold når informasjonen om raskt råtnende gener er søkt. Det kan også brukes til å ta andre spørsmål som effekt av celle kultur på transkripsjon forfall, for eksempel i to dimensjonale versus tre dimensjonale kulturer. Forfall priser kan være bestemt genomet-wide med metoder som microarrays eller RNA-Seq. eventuelt sanntid qPCR eller nordlige blotting kan brukes til å bestemme forfall priser på gene-av-genet eller isoformen av isoformen basis. Disse prisene kan deretter brukes til å beregne halveringstiden av hver overvåkede genet og identifisere gener med forfall priser som er forskjellige i to betingelser.

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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">Centrifuges for microcentrifuge tubes capable of reaching 12,000 x g and 4&#176;C</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Equipment for running agarose gels</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">Sterile tissue culture plates and conical tubes</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Medium</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11965-118</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">35-010-CV</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">Sterile serological pipets, pipettors and pipet tips for tissue culture</td>
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			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:291px;">Individually wrapped, disposable Rnase-free pipettes, pipette tips and tubes for RNA isolation and analysis</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">Disposable gloves to be worn when handling reagents and RNA samples</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">RNaseZap</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AM9780</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">For decontaminating work surfaces from RNase</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">2.0 ml eppendorf tubes</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:237px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Trypsin-EDTA&#160; Solution 10X</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Millipore Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">9002-07-07</td>
			<td style="width:237px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:23px;width:291px;">Sterile PBS</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14190-250</td>
			<td style="width:237px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">Trizol</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15596018</td>
			<td style="width:237px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Actinomycin D</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Millipore Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A1410-2 mg</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">inhibits transcription</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Sterile DMSO</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">31-761-00ML</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">solvent for actinomycin D</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">Chloroform</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ICN19400225</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">MP Biomedicals, Inc product</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Isopropanol</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP2618500</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">molecular biology grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP28184</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">molecular biology grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">RNase-free Glycogen (20 mg/ml aqueous solution)</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">R0551</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">carrier for RNA precipitation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:291px;">TURBO DNA-free Kit</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AM1907</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">removes DNA with DNase, then, in a subsequent step,&#160; inactivates DNA and removes divalent cations</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">Agarose</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ICN820721</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">MP Biomedicals, Inc product</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">Loading dye for RNA gel</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">R0641</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">suitable even for denaturing electrophoresis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">Millenium RNA markers</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AM7150</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">RNA ladder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">One-color RNA Spike-in Kit</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Agilent Technology</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5188-5282</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Example spike-in control for Agient microarray analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">Tris base</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP152-1</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">molecular biology grade, for TAE buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Glacial acetic acid</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A38-500</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">for TAE buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">EDTA</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP120-500</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">electrophoresis grade, for gels</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Ethidium bromide</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Millipore Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">E7637</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">for molecular biology</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">External RNA Controls Consortium RNA Spike-in Mix</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>4456740</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Spike-in control for RNA Seq</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">TruSeq Stranded mRNA Library Preparation Kit A (48 samples, 12 indexes)</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Illumina</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">RS-122-2101</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">for RNA Seq</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">96-well 0.3 ml PCR plate</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AB-0600</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">for real-time qPCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Microseal B adhesive seals</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MSB1001</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">for real-time qPCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Rnase/Dnase-free Reagent Reservoirs</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">89094-662</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">for real-time qPCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">Rnase/Dnase-free Eight tube strips and caps</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AM12230</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">for real-time qPCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">SuperScript Reverse Transcriptase</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">18090010</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">for real-time qPCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">AMPure XP Beads</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A63880</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">for real-time qPCR</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

determining genome-wide transcript decay rates in proliferating and quiescent human fibroblasts

Gågaten er en midlertidig, reversibel tilstand der cellene har opphørt celledeling, men beholde evnen til å spre seg. Flere studier, inkludert vår, har vist at gågaten er forbundet med omfattende endringer i genuttrykk. Noen av disse endringene skje gjennom endringer i nivå eller aktivitet av spredning-assosiert transkripsjonsfaktorer, som E2F og MYC. Vi har vist at mRNA forfall kan også bidra til endringer i genuttrykk mellom voksende og quiescent celler. I denne protokollen beskriver vi fremgangsmåten for å etablere voksende og quiescent kulturer av menneskelig dermal foreskin fibroblaster. Vi beskriver prosedyrene for å hemme nye transkripsjon i voksende og quiescent celler med Actinomycin D (ActD). ActD behandling representerer en grei og reproduserbar tilnærming til dissociating nye transkripsjon fra transkripsjon forfall. En ulempe for ActD behandling er at time course skal begrenses til kort tid fordi ActD påvirker celle levedyktighet. Transkripsjon nivåer overvåkes over tid å bestemme transkripsjon forfall priser. Denne prosedyren gir mulighet for identifisering av gener og isoformene som viser differensial forfall i voksende versus quiescent fibroblaster.

Vi har tidligere rapportert resultatene av microarray analyser av transkripsjon forfall priser i voksende og kontakt-hemmet primære menneskelig fibroblaster over en 8-timers kurs12. En liste over gener med en betydelig endring i transkripsjon stabilitet sammenligne voksende og kontakt-hemmet fibroblaster tilbys i supplerende tabell 1. Fluorescens intensiteten ved tidspunkt null og en gang løpet etter ActD behandling tilbys. Gener ble inkludert p?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Determining Genome-wide Transcript Decay Rates in Proliferating and Quiescent Human Fibroblasts at JoVE.com

Determining Genome-wide Transcript Decay Rates in Proliferating and Quiescent Human Fibroblasts

Vi beskriver en protokoll for genererer voksende og quiescent primære menneskelig dermal fibroblaster, overvåking transkripsjon forfall priser og identifisere ulikt råtnende gener.

Bfu genomet hele transkripsjon forfall i voksende og Quiescent menneskelig fibroblaster

Quiescence is a temporary, reversible state in which cells have ceased cell division, but retain the capacity to proliferate. Multiple studies, including ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Genetics

siRNA Transfection and EMSA Analyses on Freshly Isolated Human Villous Cytotrophoblasts

siRNA Transfeksjon og EMSA Analyser på nylig isolerte humane villøse Cytotrophoblasts

Human primary villous cytotrophoblasts are a very useful source of primary cells to study placental functions and regulatory mechanisms, and to comprehend ...

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

Parallell Måling av biologiske klokke genekspresjon og hormon i Human primære cellekulturer

Circadian clocks are functional in all light-sensitive organisms, allowing for an adaptation to the external world by anticipating daily environmental ...

Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement

Genome-wide Fastsettelse av pattedyr Replication Timing av DNA innhold Measurement

Replication of the genome occurs during S phase of the cell cycle in a highly regulated process that ensures the fidelity of DNA duplication. Each genomic ...

Genome-wide Mapping of Protein-DNA Interactions with ChEC-seq in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Genome-wide Mapping of Protein-DNA Interactions with ChEC-seq in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Genom-brede kartlegging av protein-DNA-interaksjoner med ChEC-seq i<em&gt; Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em

Genome-wide mapping of protein-DNA interactions is critical for understanding gene regulation, chromatin remodeling, and other chromatin-resident ...

Mapping Genome-wide Accessible Chromatin in Primary Human T Lymphocytes by ATAC-Seq

Kartlegging genomet hele tilgjengelig Chromatin i primære menneskelige T-lymfocytter av ATAC-Seq

Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) is a method used for the identification of open (accessible) regions ...

Generation of Genome-wide Chromatin Conformation Capture Libraries from Tightly Staged Early Drosophila Embryos

Generation of Genome-wide Chromatin Conformation Capture Libraries from Tightly Staged Early Drosophila Embryos

Generasjon av genomet hele Chromatin konformasjon fange biblioteker fra tett trinnvis tidlig Drosophila embryo

Investigating the three-dimensional architecture of chromatin offers invaluable insight into the mechanisms of gene regulation. Here, we describe a ...

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions

Promotoren fange Hei-C: Med høy oppløsning, genomet-bred profilering av arrangøren interaksjoner

The three-dimensional organization of the genome is linked to its function. For example, regulatory elements such as transcriptional enhancers control the ...

Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms

Genomet hele overvåking av transkripsjon feil i eukaryote organismer

Accurate transcription is required for the faithful expression of genetic information. Surprisingly though, little is known about the mechanisms that ...

Determining the Egg Fertilization Rate of Bemisia tabaci Using a Cytogenetic Technique

Determining the Egg Fertilization Rate of Bemisia tabaci Using a Cytogenetic Technique

Bestemme Egg befruktning Rate av Bemisia tabaci med en Cytogenetic teknikk

A few species of sap-sucking whiteflies are some of the most damaging terrestrial pests worldwide because of the crop damage they inflict and plant ...

Isolation of Papillary and Reticular Fibroblasts from Human Skin by Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting

Isolering av Papillær og Retikulære fibroblaster fra Human Skin ved fluorescens-aktivert Cell sortering

Fibroblasts are a highly heterogeneous cell population implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases. In human skin dermis, fibroblasts have ...