Name: laminotomy for lumbar dorsal root ganglion access and injection in swine
Uploaded: 2017-10-10T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Laminotomy for Lumbar Dorsal Root Ganglion Access and Injection in Swine at JoVE.com

Undersøgelsen blev udført med støtte af Schulze Family Foundation (til A.S.B.).

alle metoder beskrevet her er blevet godkendt af institutionelle Animal Care og brug udvalg (IACUC) af Mayo Clinic.
 1. forudsætninger af stringens og reproducerbarhed <ol><li>at sikre stringens i design, følger nationale standarder for god laboratorie praksis er på alle tidspunkter og opnå intern godkendelse af IACUC (eller lignende udvalg) forud for ethvert dyr deltagelse i eksperimenter. 
	Bemærk: Denne protokol var designet til at opretholde en klinisk trofaste tilgang. Såled...

<ol>
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Vi har søgt at beskrive en metode for kirurgiske eksponering af DRG via laminotomi og intraganglionic injektion i en sund store dyrearter, specielt, svin. I gnavere, er en lignende metode detaljeret 12 og bruges til at levere konventionelle farmakologiske agenter 8,10 og virale vektorer 6,7,9,12 til DRG...

Dorsalrodsganglier (DRG) er anatomisk diskret, neuronal samlinger placeret langs rygsøjlen. Hver DRG indeholder de primære sensoriske neuroner, der indkode og relæ perifere stimuli til centralnervesystemet (CNS) fra specifikke kroppen regioner. For eksempel, begynder smerten ved slidgigt når smerte receptorer placeret omkring et fælles opfatter skadelige stimuli. Denne proces kaldes nociception. Langsigtet bevidsthed om skadelige stimuli fører til kroniske smerter 1.
Kroniske smerter er en hyppig genstand for prækliniske undersøgelse 2 hvor ét mål er at udvikle nyttige metoder til målrettet levering af analgetika til DRG, såsom intraganglionic injektion 3. DRG er imidlertid vanskeligt at adgang, fordi de opholder sig inden for boney rammerne af intervertebral foramina 4. Flere grupper har med held overvinde denne hindring ved hjælp af rygsøjlen kirurgi i gnavere 5,6,7,8,9,10.
I klinikken, laminektomi er en fælles operation, rygsøjlen og henviser til kirurgisk fjernelse af vertebrale lamina, hvorved unroofing rygmarvskanalen 11. Indarbejdelse af kirurgiske teknikker Råd direkte DRG adgang til har været vellykket i gnavere 5,12, oversættelse kan imidlertid være urealistisk at opfatte forskelle i størrelse af relevante strukturer og hvordan det påvirker farmakokinetik eller teknisk gennemførlighed 13,14. For eksempel, fastslået en undersøgelse tværgående rygmarven diameter på T10 3.0, 7.0 og 8,2 mm for rotte, svin og human, henholdsvis 15. Således modeller store dyre bedre omtrentlige menneskelige dimensioner af nervøs strukturer.
Hos svin anvendes Raore et al. multi-level laminektomi til at få adgang til den cervikale rygmarv til flere intraspinal injektioner 16. Proceduren var veltolereret og ført til en fase jeg klinisk forsøg hvor sammenlignelige kirurgisk resultater var dokumenteret 17. Disse resultater fremme fortsatte brug af prækliniske store dyremodeller som prædiktorer for teknisk gennemførlighed og sikkerhed hos mennesker.
Til dato, findes ingen detaljerede metoder for kirurgisk adgang og injektion af DRG i en stor dyrearter. Hvis du vil indsnævre denne translationel kløft, rapporterer vi en protokol for DRG eksponering og injektion via laminotomy i svin. Neurokirurgiske standardteknikker, instrumenter og materialer blev brugt og metoden blev designet til at efterligne moderne kirurgisk praksis. Vi demonstrere intraganglionic injektion ved hjælp af en vandig opløsning for lumbal DRG og bekræft vellykket levering via histologi efter postoperative dag 21.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1311">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Large humane animal sling</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Britz &#38; Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">002539</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">Modified to include abdominal aperture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Adhesive patient return electrode - 9 inch</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medtronic</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">E7506</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Ranger blood &#38; fluid warming system</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">24500</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Lactated Ringer&#39;s fluid</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Hospira</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">0409-7953-09</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Force air warming device</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">77500</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:543px;">Duraprep solution with applicator, 26 ml (0.7% iodine povacrylex, 74% isopropyl alcohol</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">8630</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Sterile disposable surgical towels</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MDT2168286</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Ioban 2 incise drape</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">6651EZSB</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Disposable suction canister and tubing</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DYND44703H</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Button switch electrosurgical monopolar pencil</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medtronic</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">E2450H</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Fine smooth straight bipolar electrosurgical forceps, 4 1/2 inch</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Bovie</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A826</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">#15 blade</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Miltex</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4-315</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">#11 blade</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Miltex</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4-311</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">4x4 surgical gauze</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Dynarex</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3262</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Weitlaner self-retaining retractor, 8 inch</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Miltex</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11-618</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Meyerding self-retaining retractor, 1x2 3/8 inch</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sklar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">42-2078</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Gelpi self-retaining retractor, 7 inch</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sklar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">60-6570</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Freer elevator, 5 mm</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MDS4641518F</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Bone wax</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Ethicon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">W31G</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Spurling intervertebral disc rongeur, 3 mm</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sklar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">42-2852</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Spurling 45-degree, up-biting Kerrison rongeur, 2 mm</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MDS4052802</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Leksell angled rongeur, 2 mm</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sklar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">40-4097</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Gelfoam, size 50</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Pfizer</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AZL32301</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Cottonoid patty</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medtronic</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">8004007</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Frazier suction tip, 6 Fr</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sklar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">50-2006</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Frazier suction tip, 10 Fr</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sklar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">50-2010</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Dandy blunt right angle nerve hook</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MDS4005220</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Nylon suture, 6-0</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Ethicon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">697G</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Castroviejo smooth micro needle holder</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MDG2428614</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">22 gauge Quinke point spinal needle</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Halyard Health</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">18397</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="105">
			<td height="105" style="height:105px;width:543px;">32 gauge CED needle with locking Luer hub</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">See comments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">n/a</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">As in: Pleticha, J., Maus, T.P., Christner, J.A., Marsh, M.P., Lee, K.H., Hooten, W.M., Beutler, A.S. Minimally invasive convection-enhanced delivery of biologics into dorsal root ganglia: validation in the pig model and prospective modeling in humans. Technical note. J Neurosurg. 121(4), 851-8 (2014).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Polyethylene tubing, 5 feet</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Scientific Commodities</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BB31695-PE/05</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Monoject syringe, 3 ml</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Kendall</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SY15352</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">NanoJet syringe pump</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Chemyx</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10050</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">DAPI</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D9542</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Fast Green FCF</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">F7252</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Bulb irrigation syringe</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DYND20125</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Fine-toothed Adson forceps</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MDS1000212</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Vicryl suture, 0</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Ethicon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">J603H</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Vicryl suture, 2-0</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Ethicon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">J317H</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Needle counter</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NC20FBRGS</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Steri-strip skin closure, 1/2x4 inch</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">R1547</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

laminotomy for lumbar dorsal root ganglion access and injection in swine

Dorsalrodsganglier (DRG) er anatomisk veldefineret strukturer, der indeholder alle primære sensoriske neuroner under hovedet. Dette faktum gør DRG attraktive mål for injektion af roman therapeutics rettet mod behandling af kroniske smerter. I små dyremodeller, er laminektomi blevet brugt til at lette DRG injektion, fordi det indebærer kirurgisk fjernelse af vertebrale knoglen omkring hver DRG. Vi demonstrere en teknik til intraganglionic injektion af lumbal DRG i en stor dyrearter, nemlig svin. Laminotomy udføres for at give direkte adgang til DRG ved hjælp af standard neurokirurgiske teknikker, instrumenter og materialer. Sammenlignet med mere omfattende fjernelse af knogle via laminektomi, gennemfører vi laminotomy hen til conserve spinal anatomi samtidig opnå tilstrækkelig DRG adgang. Intraoperativ fremskridt af DRG injektion overvåges ved hjælp af et ikke-giftige farvestof. Efter eutanasi postoperative dag 21, injektion succes afhænger af histologi for intraganglionic fordeling af 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Vi indsprøjte en biologisk inaktiv løsning for at demonstrere protokollen. Denne metode kunne være anvendt i fremtiden prækliniske undersøgelser til target terapeutiske løsninger på DRG. Vores metode bør lette translatability af intraganglionic små dyr paradigmer i en stor dyrearter. Derudover kan denne protokol tjene som en vigtig ressource for dem, der planlægger prækliniske undersøgelser af DRG injektion i svin.

Histologisk vurdering af injectate spredning Succesfuld levering af injectate til DRG bestemmes af histologisk vurdering af DAPI spredes. Teknikken indebærer positionering needle-tip i tre-dimensionelle midten af DRG. Derfor, vellykket levering bestemmes ved at evaluere omfanget af DAPI farvning fra histologiske sektioner både nær (centrale DRG sektioner) og fjern (perifere DRG sektioner) til nål-spids. Figur 1A og figur 1B repræsenterer...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Laminotomy for Lumbar Dorsal Root Ganglion Access and Injection in Swine at JoVE.com

Laminotomy for Lumbar Dorsal Root Ganglion Access and Injection in Swine

Vi beskriver en metode til laminotomy i svin, der giver adgang til lumbal dorsalrodsganglier (DRG) for intraganglionic injektion. Injektion fremskridt overvåges intraoperatively og histologisk bekræftet op til 21 dage efter operationen. Denne protokol kan bruges til fremtidige prækliniske undersøgelser der involverer DRG injektion.

Laminotomy for lumbal dorsalrods Ganglion adgang og injektion i svin

Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are anatomically well defined structures that contain all primary sensory neurons below the head. This fact makes DRG attractive ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Dorsal Root Ganglia Tissue following Axonal Injury

Axons in the central nervous system (CNS) do not regenerate while those in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) do regenerate 
to a limited extent after ...

Genetic Study of Axon Regeneration with Cultured Adult Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons

Genetisk Undersøgelse af Axon Regeneration med dyrkede voksne dorsale rodganglie neuroner

It is well known that mature neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) cannot regenerate their axons after injuries due to diminished intrinsic ability ...

Measuring Spinal Presynaptic Inhibition in Mice By Dorsal Root Potential Recording In Vivo

Measuring Spinal Presynaptic Inhibition in Mice By Dorsal Root Potential Recording In Vivo

Måling Spinal Præsynaptiske Hæmning i mus ved dorsale Potentiel optagelse<em&gt; In Vivo</em

Presynaptic inhibition is one of the most powerful inhibitory mechanisms in the spinal cord. The underlying physiological mechanism is a depolarization of ...

In Vitro Modeling of Cancerous Neural Invasion: The Dorsal Root Ganglion Model

In Vitro Modeling of Cancerous Neural Invasion: The Dorsal Root Ganglion Model

In vitro Modellering af Kræft Neural Invasion: Dorsal rodganglie Model

One way that solid tumors disseminate is through neural invasion. This route is well-known in cancers of the head and neck, prostate, and pancreas. These ...

An Approach to Enhance Alignment and Myelination of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons

En tilgang til Forøge Justering og myelination af Dorsal rodganglieneuroner

Axon regeneration is a chaotic process due largely to unorganized axon alignment. Therefore, in order for a sufficient number of regenerated axons to ...

Dorsal Root Ganglion Injection and Dorsal Root Crush Injury as a Model for Sensory Axon Regeneration

Dorsalrodsganglion Injektion og Dorsal Root Crush Skade som en model for Sanse Axon Regeneration

Achieving axon regeneration after nervous system injury is a challenging task. As different parts of the central nervous system (CNS) differ from each ...

Analysis of Immune Cells in Single Sciatic Nerves and Dorsal Root Ganglion from a Single Mouse Using Flow Cytometry

Analyse af immunceller i enkelt ischiadicus nerver og dorsalrods Ganglion fra et enkelt museklik bruge flowcytometri

Nerve-resident immune cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are essential to maintaining neuronal integrity in a healthy nerve. The immune cells of ...

Investigating Mammalian Axon Regeneration: In Vivo Electroporation of Adult Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglion

Investigating Mammalian Axon Regeneration: In Vivo Electroporation of Adult Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglion

Behandlende pattedyr Axon regenerering: In Vivo elektroporation af voksen mus dorsalrods Ganglion

Electroporation is an essential non-viral gene transfection approach to introduce DNA plasmids or small RNA molecules into cells. A sensory neuron in the ...

Use of In Vivo Single-fiber Recording and Intact Dorsal Root Ganglion with Attached Sciatic Nerve to Examine the Mechanism of Conduction Failure

Brug af in vivo single-fiber optagelse og intakt dorsale root ganglion med vedhæftet Sciatic nerve at undersøge mekanismen for lednings svigt

Single-fiber recording has been a classical and effective electrophysiological technique over the last few decades because of its specific application for ...

Rapid Isolation of Dorsal Root Ganglion Macrophages

Hurtig isolering af dorsale Rodganglion makrofager

There are growing interests to study the molecular and cellular interactions among immune cells and sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia after ...