Name: a multimodal imaging approach based on micro-ct and fluorescence molecular tomography for longitudinal assessment of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice
Uploaded: 2018-04-13T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Multimodal Imaging Approach Based on Micro-CT and Fluorescence Molecular Tomography for Longitudinal Assessment of Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis in Mice a

Forfatterne vil takke Dr. Daniela Pompilio og Roberta Ciccimarra for teknisk hjelp.

Alle dyreforsøk beskrevet her ble godkjent av intramural dyr-velferd for dyr eksperimentering Chiesi Farmaceutici og ERASMUS MC under Protokollnummer: EMC 3349 (138-14-07) i samsvar med det europeiske direktivet 2010/63 UE, Italiensk D.Lgs 26/2014 og av reviderte "Guide for det vare og bruk av forsøksdyr"23.
Merk: Før bruk, kvinnelige innavlet C57Bl/6 (7-8 uker gamle) mus var akklimatisert for minst 7 dager lokale vivarium vilkårene (romtemperatur: 20-24 ° C, relat...

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M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Murine+models+of+pulmonary+fibrosis.">Murine models of pulmonary fibrosis.</a> Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 294 (2), 152-160 (2008).</li><li>Organ, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+segmental+challenge+model+for+bleomycin-induced+pulmonary+fibrosis+in+sheep.">A novel segmental challenge model for bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in sheep.</a> Exp Lung Res. 41 (3), 115-134 (2015).</li><li>Organ, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+and+functional+correlations+in+a+large+animal+model+of+bleomycin-induced+pulmonary+fibrosis.">Structural and functional correlations in a large animal model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.</a> BMC Pulm Med. 15, 81 (2015).</li><li>Shen, B., Du, L., Sanchez, C., Edwards, D. J., Chen, M., Murrell, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cloning+and+characterization+of+the+bleomycin+biosynthetic+gene+cluster+from+Streptomyces+verticillus+ATCC15003.">Cloning and characterization of the bleomycin biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces verticillus ATCC15003.</a> J Nat Prod. 65 (3), 422-431 (2002).</li><li>Yu, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeted+Delivery+of+Bleomycin:+A+Comprehensive+Anticancer+Review.">Targeted Delivery of Bleomycin: A Comprehensive Anticancer Review.</a> Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 16 (6), 509-521 (2016).</li><li>Ashcroft, T., Simpson, J. M., Timbrell, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simple+method+of+estimating+severity+of+pulmonary+fibrosis+on+a+numerical+scale.">Simple method of estimating severity of pulmonary fibrosis on a numerical scale.</a> J Clin Pathol. 41 (4), 467-470 (1988).</li><li>Stellari, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+imaging+of+the+lung+inflammatory+response+to+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+and+its+modulation+by+azithromycin.">In vivo imaging of the lung inflammatory response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its modulation by azithromycin.</a> J Transl Med. 13, 251 (2015).</li><li>Stellari, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+monitoring+of+lung+inflammation+in+CFTR-deficient+mice.">In vivo monitoring of lung inflammation in CFTR-deficient mice.</a> J Transl Med. 14 (1), 226 (2016).</li><li>Stellari, F. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+imaging+of+transiently+transgenized+mice+with+a+bovine+interleukin+8+(CXCL8)+promoter/luciferase+reporter+construct.">In vivo imaging of transiently transgenized mice with a bovine interleukin 8 (CXCL8) promoter/luciferase reporter construct.</a> PloS one. 7 (6), 39716 (2012).</li><li>Stellari, F. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enlightened+Mannhemia+haemolytica+lung+inflammation+in+bovinized+mice.">Enlightened Mannhemia haemolytica lung inflammation in bovinized mice.</a> Vet Res. 45, 8 (2014).</li><li>Tassali, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MR+imaging,+targeting+and+characterization+of+pulmonary+fibrosis+using+intra-tracheal+administration+of+gadolinium-based+nanoparticles.">MR imaging, targeting and characterization of pulmonary fibrosis using intra-tracheal administration of gadolinium-based nanoparticles.</a> Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 11 (5), 396-404 (2016).</li><li>Ma, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+asthmatic+inflammation+using+hybrid+fluorescence+molecular+tomography-x-ray+computed+tomography.">Assessment of asthmatic inflammation using hybrid fluorescence molecular tomography-x-ray computed tomography.</a> J Biomed Opt. 21 (1), 15009 (2016).</li><li>Van de Velde, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Longitudinal+micro-CT+provides+biomarkers+of+lung+disease+that+can+be+used+to+assess+the+effect+of+therapy+in+preclinical+mouse+models,+and+reveal+compensatory+changes+in+lung+volume.">Longitudinal micro-CT provides biomarkers of lung disease that can be used to assess the effect of therapy in preclinical mouse models, and reveal compensatory changes in lung volume.</a> Dis Model Mech. 9 (1), 91-98 (2016).</li><li>Stellari, F. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heterologous+Matrix+Metalloproteinase+Gene+Promoter+Activity+Allows+In+Vivo+Real-time+Imaging+of+Bleomycin-Induced+Lung+Fibrosis+in+Transiently+Transgenized+Mice.">Heterologous Matrix Metalloproteinase Gene Promoter Activity Allows In Vivo Real-time Imaging of Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis in Transiently Transgenized Mice.</a> Front Immunol. 8, 199 (2017).</li><li>Hellbach, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=X-ray+dark-field+radiography+facilitates+the+diagnosis+of+pulmonary+fibrosis+in+a+mouse+model.">X-ray dark-field radiography facilitates the diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model.</a> Sci Rep. 7 (1), 340 (2017).</li><li>Zhou, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noninvasive+imaging+of+experimental+lung+fibrosis.">Noninvasive imaging of experimental lung fibrosis.</a> Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 53 (1), 8-13 (2015).</li><li>Ruscitti, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Longitudinal+assessment+of+bleomycin-induced+lung+fibrosis+by+Micro-CT+correlates+with+histological+evaluation+in+mice.">Longitudinal assessment of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis by Micro-CT correlates with histological evaluation in mice.</a> Multidiscip Respir Med. 12, 8 (2017).</li><li>Stellari, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monitoring+inflammation+and+airway+remodeling+by+fluorescence+molecular+tomography+in+a+chronic+asthma+model.">Monitoring inflammation and airway remodeling by fluorescence molecular tomography in a chronic asthma model.</a> J Transl Med. 13, 336 (2015).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. , (2011).</li><li>Meganck, J. 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E., Pardo, A., Selman, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Idiopathic+pulmonary+fibrosis.">Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.</a> Lancet. 378 (9807), 1949-1961 (2011).</li><li>De Langhe, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantification+of+lung+fibrosis+and+emphysema+in+mice+using+automated+micro-computed+tomography.">Quantification of lung fibrosis and emphysema in mice using automated micro-computed tomography.</a> PloS one. 7 (8), 43123 (2012).</li></ol>

Til tross for mange forskningsmiljø fokuserer på å utvikle nye medisiner til å behandle IPF, i øyeblikket er bare to tilgjengelig for pasienter. Det er en medisinsk haster å finne mer effektive behandlinger7 fordi bare lunge transplantationis kunne forlenge overlevelsen av 4-5 år26. En viktig forutsetning for translasjonsforskning medisin og utvikling av nye stoffer er tilgjengeligheten av en dyremodell som etterligner funksjonene IPF og hvor intervensjonsradiologi s...

Idiopatisk lungefibrose (IPF) er kronisk lungesykdom med progressiv nedgang lunge funksjoner som dessverre ofte fatal innen fire år diagnose1. Hovedfunksjonene til IPF er ekstracellulær matrix avsettelse og fibroblast spredning, men patogenesen er ennå ikke fullt ut forstått. Mest støttede hypotesen er at flere sykluser av lunge skader forårsake ødeleggelse av alveolar epitelceller som fører til endring av mesenchymal celle syklus spredning, overdreven akkumulering av fibroblaster og myofibroblasts, og økt matrix produksjon. Meglere involvert i disse prosessene matrise metalloproteinases (MMPs) har blitt funnet dysregulated fibrose utvikling i menneskelig IPF eller bleomycin-indusert dyremodeller. Ukontrollert MMP produksjon fører til en ubalansert avleiring av kollagen i lunge interstitium og alveolar plass, etterligne unormal såret reparasjon1,2.
En av de viktigste hindringene for medisiner og utvikling er tilgjengeligheten av tilgjengelig musen modeller som etterligner menneskelige patogenese og sykdom fenotypen. Forskjellige agenter har blitt brukt til å indusere lunge fibrosis dyremodeller: bestråling skade, administrasjon av asbest og silika, administrasjon av fibrinogenic cytokiner og bleomycin3,4; men bleomycin er mest brukte i mus, rotter, guinea pigs, hamsters, kanin5 eller i store dyr (ikke-menneskelige primater, hester, hunder og drøvtyggere)6,7. Bleomycin er en antibiotikaresistens laget av bakterien Streptomyces verticillus8 og brukes som en anti-kreft agent9. Lungefibrose er en vanlig side bevirke av stoffet og av denne grunn, det er brukt i eksperimentell dyremodeller for å indusere lungefibrose.
I bleomycin-indusert lunge fibrosis modeller forekommer fibrotiske lesjoner 14-21 dager etter bleomycin administrasjon. I presentert arbeidet brukte vi en ny protokoll for å indusere lunge fibrosis mus av dobbel bleomycin intratracheal instillasjon. Bleomycin musemodell er tidkrevende fordi nye stoffer må vurderes på etablerte fibrotiske lesjoner, og testet for å skille sin anti-fibrotiske effekter fra anti-inflammatoriske effekter.
Biokjemiske fastsettelse av kollagen innhold, morphometrical og histologiske analyse var basert på post mortem analyse, begrense muligheten til å følge patogenesen av sykdommen i samme dyret. Selv om disse parameterne ble betraktet som en gull-standard for fibrose evaluering, de ikke gir alle timelige eller romlige fordelingen av fibrotiske lesjonen og utelukke en måte å undersøke prosessen av sykdomsprogresjon. 10
Nylig, ikke-invasiv bildeteknologi er brukt på skjermen airway remodeling, betennelser og fibrose progresjon i murine modeller: magnetisk resonans Imaging (MRI), Micro konstatere (mikro-CT), fluorescens molekylær Tomografi (FMT) og Bioluminescent (BLI)11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19 ,20,21. Vi foreslår en ikke-invasiv tenkelig tilnærming for å overvåke langs lunge fibrosis progresjon av FMT og mikro-CT på ulike tidspunkt etter en bleomycin utfordrer22.
Mange baner er involvert i etablering og utvikling av fibrosis, og ikke mye er kjent. Bare en dypere forståelse av disse prosessene kan oversette til mer narkotika mål som kan overføre til klinikken. Evnen å dataskjerm langs MMP aktivisering av fluorescens molekylær tomografi kombinert til deteksjon av lungekreft parenchymal endringer av mikro-CT kan brukes i fremtiden til klinisk respons på behandling.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">FMT 2500 Fluorescence Tomography System</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Perkin Elmer Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Experimental Builder</td>
			<td style="width:607px;"></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">MMPsense 680</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Perkin Elmer Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">NEV10126</td>
			<td>Protect from light, store the probe at 4 &#176;C</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">TrueQuant software</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Perkin Elmer Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Female inbred C57BL/6</td>
			<td>San Pietro NatisoneHorst, The Netherlands (UD),&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
			<td>Prior to use, animals were acclimatized for at least 5 days to the local vivarium conditions</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Isoflurane</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">ESTEVE spa</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">571329.8</td>
			<td>Do not inhale</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Automated cell counter</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Dasit XT 1800J</td>
			<td>Experimental Builder</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Saline Solution, 0.9% Sodium Chloride (NaCl)</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Eurospital</td>
			<td>15A2807</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Quantum FX Micro-CT scanner&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Perkin Elmer Inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:328px;">Bleomycin sulphate from Streptomyces Verticillus&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Sigma</td>
			<td>&#160;B2434&#160;</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Automatic tissue Processor&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">ATP700 Histo-Line Laboratories</td>
			<td>ATP700&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Embedding system&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">EG 1160 Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>EG 1160</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Rotary microtome&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Slee Cut 6062</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Digital slide scanner&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">NanoZoomer S60, Hamamatsu Photonics</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">NIS-AR image analysis software&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Nikon</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Masson&#8217;s Trichrome Staining</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Histo-Line Laboratories</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">10% neutral-buffered formalin</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Sigma</td>
			<td>HT5012-1CS</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:328px;">Penn-century model DP-4M Dry power insufflator</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Penn-century</td>
			<td>DPM-EXT</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">PE190 micro medical tubing</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">2biological instruments snc</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">BB31695-PE/8</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Syringe without needle 5 mL</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Terumo</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">SS*05SE1</td>
			<td>Cut the boards of the piston by scissors</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Hamilton 0.10 mL (model 1710)</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Gastight</td>
			<td>81022</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Discofix 3-way Stopcock</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Braun</td>
			<td>4095111</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Syringe with needle 1 mL</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">Pic solution</td>
			<td>3,071,260,300,320</td>
			<td>Use without needle</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Plastic feeding tubes 18 ga x 50 mm</td>
			<td style="width:335px;">2biological instruments snc</td>
			<td>FTP-18-50</td>
			<td>Cut obliquely the tip&#160;</td>
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a multimodal imaging approach based on micro-ct and fluorescence molecular tomography for longitudinal assessment of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice

Idiopatisk lungefibrose (IPF) er en dødelig lungesykdom preget av progressive og irreversibel ødeleggelsen av lunge arkitektur, som forårsaker betydelig forringelse i lungefunksjonen og påfølgende død fra respirasjonssvikt.
Patogenesen av IPF i eksperimentelle dyr modeller har blitt indusert av bleomycin. I denne studien undersøker vi en IPF-lignende musemodell av en dobbel intratracheal bleomycin instillasjon. Standard histologiske vurderinger brukes for å studere lunge fibrosis er invasiv terminal prosedyrer. Målet med dette arbeidet er å overvåke lunge fibrosis gjennom noninvasive Bildeteknikker som fluorescerende molekylær tomografi (FMT) og Micro-CT. Disse to teknologiene validert histology funn kan representere en revolusjonerende funksjonell tilnærming for sanntid ikke-invasiv overvåking av IPF sykdommens alvorlighetsgrad og progresjon. Blanding av ulike tilnærminger representerer et skritt videre forstå IPF sykdommen, der de molekylære hendelsene som forekommer i en patologisk tilstand kan observeres med FMT og påfølgende anatomiske endringene kan overvåkes av mikro-CT.

Spontan oppløsning av lunge fibrosis lesjonene observert tre uker etter ett bleomycin administrasjon og moderat strukturendringer markere grensene for denne modellen. Bare forebyggende behandling kan utføres på grunn av smale terapeutiske vinduet som ikke representerer klinisk praksis17.
Her viser vi at våre protokollen av dobbel bleomycin intratracheal instillasjon er stand til å utvikle langvarig l...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Multimodal Imaging Approach Based on Micro-CT and Fluorescence Molecular Tomography for Longitudinal Assessment of Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis in Mice a

A Multimodal Imaging Approach Based on Micro-CT and Fluorescence Molecular Tomography for Longitudinal Assessment of Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis in Mice

En intermodal Imaging tilnærming basert på mikro-CT og fluorescens molekylær tomografi langsgående vurdering av Bleomycin-indusert lunge Fibrosis mus

Vi beskriver en ikke-invasiv intermodal imaging tilnærming basert på mikro-CT og fluorescens molekylær tomografi langsgående vurdering av musen lunge fibrosis modellen av dobbel intratracheal instillasjon av bleomycin.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease characterized by the progressive and irreversible destruction of lung architecture, which ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

An Orthotopic Model of Serous Ovarian Cancer in Immunocompetent Mice for in vivo Tumor Imaging and Monitoring of Tumor Immune Responses

An Orthotopic Model of Serous Ovarian Cancer in Immunocompetent Mice for in vivo Tumor Imaging and Monitoring of Tumor Immune Responses

Background: Ovarian cancer is generally diagnosed at an advanced stage where the case/fatality ratio is high and thus remains the most lethal of all ...

Use of Artificial Sputum Medium to Test Antibiotic Efficacy Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Conditions More Relevant to the Cystic Fibrosis Lung

Use of Artificial Sputum Medium to Test Antibiotic Efficacy Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Conditions More Relevant to the Cystic Fibrosis Lung

Bruk av kunstig Oppspytt Medium til Test antibiotika effekt mot<em&gt; Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em&gt; I Forhold mer relevant for Cystisk fibrose Lung

There  is growing concern about the relevance of in vitro antimicrobial  susceptibility tests when applied to isolates of P. aeruginosa from  cystic ...

4D Multimodality Imaging of Citrobacter rodentium Infections in Mice

4D Multimodality Imaging of Citrobacter rodentium Infections in Mice

4D Multimodalitet Imaging av<em&gt; Citrobacter rodentium</em&gt; Infeksjoner i Mus

This protocol outlines the steps required to  longitudinally monitor a bioluminescent bacterial infection using composite 3D diffuse light imaging ...

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice

Long Term Kronisk<em&gt; Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em&gt; Luftveisinfeksjon i Mus

A mouse model of chronic airway infection is a key asset in cystic fibrosis (CF) research, although there are a number of concerns regarding the model ...

Imaging Neutrophils and Monocytes in Mesenteric Veins by Intravital Microscopy on Anaesthetized Mice in Real Time

Imaging Neutrofiler og monocytter i mesenterisk Veins av intraMikros på bedøvet Mus i sanntid

Efficient immune response is dependent on rapid mobilization of blood leukocytes to the site of infection or injury. Investigating leukocyte migration in ...

A Simple and Efficient Approach to Construct Mutant Vaccinia Virus Vectors

En enkel og effektiv tilnærming til Konstruer Mutant vacciniavirus vektorer

The CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 can edit particular genomic loci directed by a single guide RNA (gRNA). The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been ...

Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages

Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages

Legionella pneumophila ytre membran Blemmer: Isolering og analyse av deres Pro-inflammatorisk potensialet på Makrofager

Bacteria are able to secrete a variety of molecules via various secretory systems. Besides the secretion of molecules into the extracellular space or ...

Fluorescence-based Neuraminidase Inhibition Assay to Assess the Susceptibility of Influenza Viruses to The Neuraminidase Inhibitor Class of Antivirals

Fluorescens-baserte Neuraminidase inhiberingsanalyse for å vurdere i hvilken grad influensavirus til neuraminidase Inhibitor Class of Antivirale

The neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors are the only class of antivirals approved for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza that are effective against ...

Imaging Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mice with Reporter Enzyme Fluorescence

Imaging Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mice with Reporter Enzyme Fluorescence

Imaging Mycobacterium tuberculosis i mus med Reporter enzym fluorescens

Reporter enzyme fluorescence (REF) utilizes substrates that are specific for enzymes present in target organisms of interest for imaging or detection by ...