Name: a rankl-based osteoclast culture assay of mouse bone marrow to investigate the role of mtorc1 in osteoclast formation
Uploaded: 2018-03-15T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation at JoVE.com

Forfatterne takker Dr. Minghan Tong og S. Kato for vennlige gi reagenser og mus. Vi takker medlemmer av laboratoriet Zou nyttig diskusjoner. Dette arbeidet var støttes delvis av tilskudd fra 973 Program fra det kinesiske departementet for vitenskap og teknologi (mest) [2014CB964704 og 2015CB964503], klinisk forskningsprogram for 9 personer Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Takk for hjelp av Core anlegget for Cell Biology og kjernen anlegg for kjemiske biologi, CAS senter for fremragende molekylær celle vitenskap, Shanghai Institutt for biokjemi og cellebiologi, kinesiske Academy of Sciences.

Alle prosedyrer for dyrene ble utført i henhold til protokollen godkjent av Stanford Administrative Panel på laboratoriet Animal Care (APLAC) og ble godkjent av Animal Care og bruk komité Shanghai Institutt for biokjemi og celle Biologi.
1. forberedelse
<ol><li>Generere osteoclast bestemt Raptor sletting mus (Raptorfl/fl; Ctsk-grobunn, heretter RapCtsk) av parring Raptorfl/fl mus med Ctsk-grobunn mus. ...

<ol>
	<li>Boyle, W. J., Simonet, W. S., Lacey, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Osteoclast+differentiation+and+activation.">Osteoclast differentiation and activation.</a> Nature. 423 (6937), 337-342 (2003).</li><li>Jaenisch, R., Bird, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epigenetic+regulation+of+gene+expression:+how+the+genome+integrates+intrinsic+and+environmental+signals.">Epigenetic regulation of gene expression: how the genome integrates intrinsic and environmental signals.</a> Nature Genetics. 33, 245-254 (2003).</li><li>Feng, X., McDonald, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Disorders+of+bone+remodeling.">Disorders of bone remodeling.</a> Annu Rev Pathol. 6, 121-145 (2011).</li><li>Boyce, B. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advances+in+osteoclast+biology+reveal+potential+new+drug+targets+and+new+roles+for+osteoclasts.">Advances in osteoclast biology reveal potential new drug targets and new roles for osteoclasts.</a> J Bone Miner Res. 28 (4), 711-722 (2013).</li><li>Ibbotson, K. J., Roodman, G. D., McManus, L. M., Mundy, G. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+and+characterization+of+osteoclast-like+cells+and+their+progenitors+in+cultures+of+feline+marrow+mononuclear+cells.">Identification and characterization of osteoclast-like cells and their progenitors in cultures of feline marrow mononuclear cells.</a> J Cell Biol. 99 (2), 471-480 (1984).</li><li>Lacey, D. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Osteoprotegerin+ligand+is+a+cytokine+that+regulates+osteoclast+differentiation+and+activation.">Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation.</a> Cell. 93 (2), 165-176 (1998).</li><li>Wong, B. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=TRANCE+is+a+novel+ligand+of+the+tumor+necrosis+factor+receptor+family+that+activates+c-Jun+N-terminal+kinase+in+T+cells.">TRANCE is a novel ligand of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family that activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase in T cells.</a> J Biol Chem. 272 (40), 25190-25194 (1997).</li><li>Zoncu, R., Efeyan, A., Sabatini, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=mTOR:+from+growth+signal+integration+to+cancer,+diabetes+and+ageing.">mTOR: from growth signal integration to cancer, diabetes and ageing.</a> Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 12 (1), 21-35 (2011).</li><li>Bhaskar, P. T., Hay, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+two+TORCs+and+Akt.">The two TORCs and Akt.</a> Dev Cell. 12 (4), 487-502 (2007).</li><li>Dai, Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inactivation+of+Regulatory-associated+Protein+of+mTOR+(Raptor)/Mammalian+Target+of+Rapamycin+Complex+1+(mTORC1)+Signaling+in+Osteoclasts+Increases+Bone+Mass+by+Inhibiting+Osteoclast+Differentiation+in+Mice.">Inactivation of Regulatory-associated Protein of mTOR (Raptor)/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) Signaling in Osteoclasts Increases Bone Mass by Inhibiting Osteoclast Differentiation in Mice.</a> J Biol Chem. 292 (1), 196-204 (2017).</li><li>Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F., Maniatis, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. , (1989).</li><li>Weischenfeldt, J., Porse, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bone+Marrow-Derived+Macrophages+(BMM):+Isolation+and+Applications.">Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages (BMM): Isolation and Applications.</a> CSH Protoc. 2008, (2008).</li><li>Bradley, E. W., Oursler, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Osteoclast+culture+and+resorption+assays.">Osteoclast culture and resorption assays.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 455, 19-35 (2008).</li><li>Tevlin, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Osteoclast+derivation+from+mouse+bone+marrow.">Osteoclast derivation from mouse bone marrow.</a> J Vis Exp. (93), e52056 (2014).</li><li>Xing, L., Boyce, B. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RANKL-based+osteoclastogenic+assays+from+murine+bone+marrow+cells.">RANKL-based osteoclastogenic assays from murine bone marrow cells.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 1130, 307-313 (2014).</li><li>Hsu, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tumor+necrosis+factor+receptor+family+member+RANK+mediates+osteoclast+differentiation+and+activation+induced+by+osteoprotegerin+ligand.">Tumor necrosis factor receptor family member RANK mediates osteoclast differentiation and activation induced by osteoprotegerin ligand.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 96 (7), 3540-3545 (1999).</li><li>Underwood, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=From+where+comes+the+osteoclast?.">From where comes the osteoclast?.</a> J Pathol. 144 (4), 225-226 (1984).</li><li>Wein, M. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+bone+resorption+in+mice+by+Schnurri-3.">Control of bone resorption in mice by Schnurri-3.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 109 (21), 8173-8178 (2012).</li></ol>

Osteoclastogenic analysen er den mest brukte metoden for å isolere og kultur osteoklast i vitro12,13. Mens flere RANKL-baserte osteoclast inductions har vært beskrevet13,14,15, beskrevet studien en protokoll med noen modifikasjoner basert på metodene.
I den tidligere studien, var BMMs plating umiddelbart etter isolasjon<sup class="...

Bein er en stadig skiftende organ og er ombygd av osteoblasts og osteoklast gjennom hele livet. Osteoklast er ansvarlig for mineralholdig matrix benresorpsjon og osteoblasts å syntetisere og utsondre nye bein matriser1. Balansen mellom benresorpsjon og bein formasjon er avgjørende for beinhelse inkludert vedlikehold av bein massen og respons på stimulering og skade. Hvis saldoen er forstyrret, oppstår en rekke bein metabolske sykdommer, inkludert osteoporose og periodontal sykdommen. Disse sykdommer overskrider masse bentap skyldes osteoclastic benresorpsjon Ben danner kapasitet osteoblasts2,3. Derfor, for å utvikle farmasøytiske mål for å behandle skjelettlidelser sykdommer som osteoporose, er det avgjørende å forstå generasjon og biologi osteoklast4.
Osteoklast er unik gigantiske multinucleated celler som er plassert på eller nær bein overflaten, og tilhører monocytt/macrophage familie1. Ibbotson K. J. et al. rapportert en metode for å generere osteoclast som celler i vitro med medium som inneholder 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D35. Identifikasjon av macrophage koloni stimulerende faktor (M-CSF) og reseptor aktivator for kjernefysiske faktor-κ B ligand (RANKL) som viktige faktorer for osteoclast formasjon økt dramatisk effektiviteten av osteoclastogenesis i vitro 1 , 6 , 7. muligheten til å kultur osteoklast i vitro har forbedret vår forståelse av generasjon og regulering av osteoklast.
Pattedyr/mekanistisk målet på rapamycin (mTOR) funksjoner i to strukturelt og funksjonelt forskjellige komplekser, nemlig mTORC1 og mTORC28,9. To flere protein komplekser er atskilt fra hverandre sine ulike komponenter og nedstrøms underlag. mTORC1 inneholder unike regulatoriske-assosiert protein av mTOR (Raptor), mens mTORC2 inneholder den rapamycin tittelen følgesvennen mTOR (Rictor)9. mTORC1 kan integrere og overføre viktig signaler å regulere cellevekst, spredning og differensiering. Nylig viste vi at mTORC1 spiller en nøkkelrolle i nettverket av katabolske benresorpsjon ved sletting av Raptor å deaktivere mTORC1 i osteoklast10. Men krever de underliggende mekanismene videre studier. Studien, ble en RANKL-baserte osteoclastogenic metode brukt til å generere osteoklast fra Ben margtransplantasjon-avledet makrofager (BMMs) av vill-type (WT) og RapCtsk mus, og å studere påvirkning av mTORC1 inaktivering på osteoclast formasjon.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Raptorfl/fl mice</td>
			<td>The Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td>013188</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ctsk-cre mice</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>a gift from S. Kato, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#945;-MEM</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>10-022-CVR</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glutamine</td>
			<td>Gibico</td>
			<td>25030081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin streptomycin</td>
			<td>Gibico</td>
			<td>15140122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal calf serum</td>
			<td>BioInd</td>
			<td>04-001-1A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant mouse M-CSF protein</td>
			<td>R&#38;D</td>
			<td>Q3U4F9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant mouse RANKL protein</td>
			<td>R&#38;D</td>
			<td>Q3TWY5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RBC lysis buffer</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>C3702</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan blue</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>302643</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetone</td>
			<td>Shanghai Chemical Co. Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Citrate solution</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>915</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formaldehyde solution</td>
			<td>Shanghai Chemical Co. Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acid Phosphatase, Leukocyte (TRAP) Kit</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>387A-1KT</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fast Garnet GBC Base solution</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>3872</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Nitrite Solution</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>914</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Naphthol AS-BI Phosphate Solution</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>3871</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetate solution</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>3863</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tartrate solution</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>3873</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#39;s phosphate-buffered saline</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>21-031-CVR</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-tartaric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>251380</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium tartrate dibasic dehydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>s4797</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycine</td>
			<td>Shanghai Chemical Co. Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MgCl2</td>
			<td>Shanghai Chemical Co. Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ZnCl2</td>
			<td>Shanghai Chemical Co. Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaOH</td>
			<td>Shanghai Chemical Co. Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphatase substrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P4744</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-Raptor</td>
			<td>Cell Signaling Technology</td>
			<td>2280</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-P-ribosomal protein S6 (S235/236)</td>
			<td>Cell Signaling Technology</td>
			<td>2317</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-ribosomal protein S6</td>
			<td>Cell Signaling Technology</td>
			<td>2211</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-&#946;-actin</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td>sc-130300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>37% formaldehyde</td>
			<td>Xilong scientific</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Western Chemiluminescent HRP Substrate (ECL)</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>00000367MSDS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IX71</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Envision</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.45-mm Syringe</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scissor</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mosquito forcep</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a rankl-based osteoclast culture assay of mouse bone marrow to investigate the role of mtorc1 in osteoclast formation

Osteoklast er unik bein-resorbing celler som skiller fra monocytt/macrophage slektslinje benmarg. Dysfunksjon av osteoklast kan resultere i en rekke bein metabolske sykdommer, inkludert osteoporose. For å utvikle farmasøytiske mål for forebygging av patologisk masse bentap, må mekanismer som skiller osteoklast fra forløpere forstås. Isolere og kultur mange osteoklast i vitro er kritiske for å bestemme rollen til bestemte gener i osteoclast differensiering. Deaktivering av pattedyr/mekanistisk målet på rapamycin komplekse 1 (TORC1) i osteoklast kan redusere osteoclast nummer og økt beinmasse; men krever de underliggende mekanismene videre studier. Studien, er en RANKL-basert protokoll å isolere og kultur osteoklast fra musen benmargen og studere påvirkning av mTORC1 inaktivering på osteoclast formasjon beskrevet. Denne protokollen resulterte vellykket i et stort antall gigantiske osteoklast, vanligvis innen en uke. Sletting av Raptor svekket osteoclast formasjon og redusert aktiviteten til sekretoriske tartrate-resistente sure fosfatase, indikerer at mTORC1 er avgjørende for osteoclast-formasjonen.

Bruker stede protokollen, ble et stort antall gigantiske osteoklast sett på dag 6; Hvis gigantiske osteoklast ikke sett, en dag av osteoclast differensiering kan være nødvendig (figur 1). Vellykket osteoclast formasjon bekrefter FELLE flekker (figur 2A). Osteoklast var gigantiske vin rød/lilla celler med mer enn 3 kjerner. Mer enn 250 osteoklast ble oppnådd i hver brønn av 96-brønns plate i WT BMMs (fi...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation at JoVE.com

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation

Dette manuskriptet beskriver en protokoll for å isolere og kultur osteoklast i vitro fra musen benmargen, og å studere rollen av pattedyr/mekanistisk målet på rapamycin komplekse 1 i osteoclast-formasjonen.

En RANKL-baserte Osteoclast kultur analysen av musen benmarg å undersøke rollen som mTORC1 i Osteoclast-formasjonen

Osteoclasts are unique bone-resorbing cells that differentiate from the monocyte/macrophage lineage of bone marrow. Dysfunction of osteoclasts may result ...

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