Name: balloon-based injury to induce myointimal hyperplasia in the mouse abdominal aorta
Uploaded: 2018-02-07T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Balloon-based Injury to Induce Myointimal Hyperplasia in the Mouse Abdominal Aorta at JoVE.com

Forfatterne takker Christiane Pahrmann for hennes teknisk assistanse.
DW ble støttet av Max Kade Foundation. T.D. fått tilskudd fra annet Kröner Fondation (2012_EKES.04) og Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DE2133/2-1_. S. S. mottatt forskningsmidler fra Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; SCHR992/3-1, SCHR992/4-1).

Dyr mottatt Human omsorg i samsvar med veiledningen for prinsipper i forsøksdyr, utarbeidet av Institute of laboratorium dyr Resources og publisert av National Institutes of Health. Alle dyr protokoller ble godkjent av ansvarlige lokale myndigheter ('' Amt für Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz, Hansestadt (Office for helse og forbrukervern) Hamburg'').
1. kateter forberedelse
Merk: Se Tabell for materiale for informasjon om kateter.
<ol><li>Ta ka...

<ol>
	<li>Kochanek, K. D., Xu, J., Murphy, S. L., Minino, A. M., Kung, H. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deaths:+final+data+for+2009.">Deaths: final data for 2009.</a> Natl Vital Stat Rep. 60 (3), 1-116 (2011).</li><li>Austin, G. E., Ratliff, N. B., Hollman, J., Tabei, S., Phillips, D. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intimal+proliferation+of+smooth+muscle+cells+as+an+explanation+for+recurrent+coronary+artery+stenosis+after+percutaneous+transluminal+coronary+angioplasty.">Intimal proliferation of smooth muscle cells as an explanation for recurrent coronary artery stenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.</a> J Am Coll Cardiol. 6 (2), 369-375 (1985).</li><li>Greenwald, S. E., Berry, C. 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K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+differentiation+of+vascular+smooth+muscle+cells.">Regulation of differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells.</a> Physiol Rev. 75 (3), 487-517 (1995).</li><li>Owens, G. K., Kumar, M. S., Wamhoff, B. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+regulation+of+vascular+smooth+muscle+cell+differentiation+in+development+and+disease.">Molecular regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation in development and disease.</a> Physiol Rev. 84 (3), 767-801 (2004).</li><li>Kleemann, R., Zadelaar, S., Kooistra, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cytokines+and+atherosclerosis:+a+comprehensive+review+of+studies+in+mice.">Cytokines and atherosclerosis: a comprehensive review of studies in mice.</a> Cardiovasc Res. 79 (3), 360-376 (2008).</li><li>Karas, S. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coronary+intimal+proliferation+after+balloon+injury+and+stenting+in+swine:+an+animal+model+of+restenosis.">Coronary intimal proliferation after balloon injury and stenting in swine: an animal model of restenosis.</a> J Am Coll Cardiol. 20 (2), 467-474 (1992).</li><li>Ip, J. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+platelets,+thrombin+and+hyperplasia+in+restenosis+after+coronary+angioplasty.">The role of platelets, thrombin and hyperplasia in restenosis after coronary angioplasty.</a> J Am Coll Cardiol. 17 (6 Suppl B), 77B-88B (1991).</li><li>Mason, R. G., Read, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Some+species+differences+in+fibrinolysis+and+blood+coagulation.">Some species differences in fibrinolysis and blood coagulation.</a> J Biomed Mater Res. 5 (1), 121-128 (1971).</li><li>Lafont, A., Faxon, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Why+do+animal+models+of+post-angioplasty+restenosis+sometimes+poorly+predict+the+outcome+of+clinical+trials?.">Why do animal models of post-angioplasty restenosis sometimes poorly predict the outcome of clinical trials?.</a> Cardiovasc Res. 39 (1), 50-59 (1998).</li><li>Matter, C. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increased+balloon-induced+inflammation,+proliferation,+and+neointima+formation+in+apolipoprotein+E+(ApoE)+knockout+mice.">Increased balloon-induced inflammation, proliferation, and neointima formation in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout mice.</a> Stroke. 37 (10), 2625-2632 (2006).</li><li>Lindner, V., Fingerle, J., Reidy, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+model+of+arterial+injury.">Mouse model of arterial injury.</a> Circ Res. 73 (5), 792-796 (1993).</li><li>Simon, D. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Decreased+neointimal+formation+in+Mac-1(-/-)+mice+reveals+a+role+for+inflammation+in+vascular+repair+after+angioplasty.">Decreased neointimal formation in Mac-1(-/-) mice reveals a role for inflammation in vascular repair after angioplasty.</a> J Clin Invest. 105 (3), 293-300 (2000).</li><li>Sata, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+mouse+model+of+vascular+injury+that+induces+rapid+onset+of+medial+cell+apoptosis+followed+by+reproducible+neointimal+hyperplasia.">A mouse model of vascular injury that induces rapid onset of medial cell apoptosis followed by reproducible neointimal hyperplasia.</a> J Mol Cell Cardiol. 32 (11), 2097-2104 (2000).</li><li>Moroi, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interaction+of+genetic+deficiency+of+endothelial+nitric+oxide,+gender,+and+pregnancy+in+vascular+response+to+injury+in+mice.">Interaction of genetic deficiency of endothelial nitric oxide, gender, and pregnancy in vascular response to injury in mice.</a> J Clin Invest. 101 (6), 1225-1232 (1998).</li><li>Painter, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myointimal+hyperplasia:+pathogenesis+and+implications.+2.+Animal+injury+models+and+mechanical+factors.">Myointimal hyperplasia: pathogenesis and implications. 2. Animal injury models and mechanical factors.</a> Artif Organs. 15 (2), 103-118 (1991).</li><li>Stubbendorff, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inducing+myointimal+hyperplasia+versus+atherosclerosis+in+mice:+an+introduction+of+two+valid+models.">Inducing myointimal hyperplasia versus atherosclerosis in mice: an introduction of two valid models.</a> J Vis Exp. (87), e51459 (2014).</li><li>Deuse, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dichloroacetate+prevents+restenosis+in+preclinical+animal+models+of+vessel+injury.">Dichloroacetate prevents restenosis in preclinical animal models of vessel injury.</a> Nature. 509 (7502), 641-644 (2014).</li></ol>

Denne artikkelen viser en murine modell for å studere utviklingen av myointimal hyperplasia og tillater utforskningen av det underliggende patologiske prosessen og testing av nye medisiner eller behandlingsalternativer.
Det viktigste trinnet i denne protokollen er denudation av aorta. Forsiktighet bør betales i dette trinnet som overdreven denudation vil føre til aneurisme dannelse og modell feil. På den annen side, hvis denudation er utført tilstrekkelig, vil for lite myointima utvikle. ...

Arterial stenose i koronar og eksterne arterier har stor effekt på sykelighet og dødelighet av pasienter1. En underliggende patologisk mekanismen er myointima hyperplasia (MH), som er preget av økt spredning, overføring og syntese av ekstracellulær matrix proteiner fra vaskulær glatt muskel celler (SMC)2. SMC ligger i media laget av fartøyet og overføre ved stimulering av overflaten av lumen. Stimulerende signaler omfatter vekst faktorer cytokiner, celle-celle kontakt, lipider, ekstracellulær matrix komponenter og mekanisk skjær og strekke styrker3,4,5,6. Skader av fartøyet veggen, patologisk eller iatrogenic, forårsake endothelial celle og glatt muskel celle skade og stimulere inflammatoriske reaksjoner, og dermed føre til MH7.
Forskjellige dyr modeller er tilgjengelige arteriell skade og myointima hyperplasia. Store dyr som griser eller hunder har fordelen av deler en lignende arterien og koronar anatomi med mennesker og er spesielt egnet for studier undersøker angioplasty teknikker, prosedyre og enheter8. Gris modeller har imidlertid ulempen av høyere thrombogenicity9,10, mens hundene bare har en mild reaksjon fartøyet skade11. I tillegg krever alle store dyr modeller spesielt kabinett, utstyr og ansatte, som er forbundet med høye kostnader og er ikke alltid tilgjengelig på institusjon. Små dyr modeller inkluderer rotter og mus. Sammenlignet med rotter, har mus fordelene av lavere kostnader og eksistensen av en rekke slå ut modeller. Modellen beskrev i denne videoen kan kombineres med ApoE-/-mus med en vestlig kosthold å tett etterligne klinisk setting av angioplasty aterosklerotisk fartøy12. Tidligere modeller indusert vaskulære skader via wire skade13, flytende uttørking14, våren15eller mansjett skade16. Siden natur skaden vil sterkt påvirke utviklingen og Grunnloven av MH, er ved hjelp av en ballong kateter for å indusere fartøyet skade den beste måten å etterligne klinisk setting.
I denne artikkelen beskriver vi en ny metode for å indusere MH med en ballong kateter i mus. Bruk av en ballong kateter (1,2 mm x 6 mm) med en RX-Port (figur 1A) kan skrape av intimal laget, og på samme tid, induksjon av en overdistension av fartøyet. Begge disse faktorene er viktig utløser for utvikling av MH. Observasjon for denne modellen er 28 dager17.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>10-0 Ethilon suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>2814G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3 mL Syringe</td>
			<td>BD Medical</td>
			<td>309658</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>37% HCl</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H1758</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5-0 prolene suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>EH7229H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6-0 prolene suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>8706H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acid Fuchsin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>F8129-25G</td>
			<td>Trichrome staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antigen retrieval solution</td>
			<td>Dako</td>
			<td>S1699</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Azophloxin</td>
			<td>Waldeck</td>
			<td>1B-103</td>
			<td>Trichrome staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bepanthen Eye and Nose ointment</td>
			<td>Bayer</td>
			<td>1578675</td>
			<td>Eye ointment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Betadine Solution</td>
			<td>Betadine Purdue Pharma</td>
			<td>NDC:67618-152</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C57BL/6J</td>
			<td>Charles River</td>
			<td>Stock number 000664</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Clamp applicator</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>18056-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagen 3</td>
			<td>abcam</td>
			<td>ab7778</td>
			<td>Antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DAPI</td>
			<td>Thermo Fischer</td>
			<td>D1306</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey anti-Goat IgG AF555</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A21432</td>
			<td>Secondary antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey anti-Rabbit IgG AF488</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A21206</td>
			<td>Secondary antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey anti-Rabbit IgG AF488</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A11055</td>
			<td>Secondary antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey anti-Rabbit IgG AF555</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A31572</td>
			<td>Secondary antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol 70%</td>
			<td>Th. Geyer</td>
			<td>2270</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol 96%</td>
			<td>Th. Geyer</td>
			<td>2295</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol absolute</td>
			<td>Th. Geyer</td>
			<td>2246</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FAP</td>
			<td>abcam</td>
			<td>ab28246</td>
			<td>Antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps fine</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11251-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps standard</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11023-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glacial Acetic Acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>537020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hair clipper</td>
			<td>WAHL</td>
			<td>8786-451A ARCO SE</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin</td>
			<td>Rotexmedica</td>
			<td>PZN 3862340</td>
			<td>25.000 I.E./mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High temperature cautery kit</td>
			<td>Bovie</td>
			<td>18010-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Image-iT FX Signal Enhancer</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>I36933</td>
			<td>Blocking solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Light Green SF</td>
			<td>Waldeck</td>
			<td>1B-211</td>
			<td>Trichrome staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microsurgical clamp</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>18055-04</td>
			<td>Micro-Serrefine - 4mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MINI TREK Coronary Dilatation Catheter 1.20 mm x 6 mm / Rapid-Exchange</td>
			<td>Abbott</td>
			<td>1012268-06U</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Molybdatophosphoric acid hydrate</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>1.00532.0100</td>
			<td>Trichrome staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl 0,9%</td>
			<td>B.Braun</td>
			<td>PZN 06063042 Art. Nr.: 3570160</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Needle holder</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>12075-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Novaminsulfon</td>
			<td>Ratiopharm</td>
			<td>PZN 03530402</td>
			<td>Metamizole</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Orange G</td>
			<td>Waldeck</td>
			<td>1B-221</td>
			<td>Trichrome staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraffin</td>
			<td>Leica biosystems</td>
			<td>REF 39602004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS pH 7,4</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10010023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PFA 4%</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>#157135S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ponceau S solution</td>
			<td>Serva Electrophoresis</td>
			<td>33427</td>
			<td>Trichrome staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Primary antibody diluent</td>
			<td>Dako</td>
			<td>S3022</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Prolong Gold Mounting solution</td>
			<td>Thermo Fischer</td>
			<td>P36930</td>
			<td>Mounting solution for immunofluorescence stained slides</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Replaceable Fine Tip</td>
			<td>Bovie</td>
			<td>H101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Resorcin-Fuchsin Weigert</td>
			<td>Waldeck</td>
			<td>2E-30</td>
			<td>Trichrome staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rimadyl</td>
			<td>Pfizer</td>
			<td>400684.00.00</td>
			<td>Carprofen</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>14028-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scissors Vannas-style</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>15000-03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Secondary antibody diluent</td>
			<td>Dako</td>
			<td>S0809</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fast acting Adhesive MINIS 3x1g</td>
			<td>UHU</td>
			<td>45370</td>
			<td>Cyanoacrylate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Slide Rack</td>
			<td>Ted Pella</td>
			<td>21057</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SM22</td>
			<td>abcam</td>
			<td>ab10135</td>
			<td>Antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SMA</td>
			<td>abcam</td>
			<td>ab21027</td>
			<td>Antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Staining dish</td>
			<td>Ted Pella</td>
			<td>21075</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical microscope</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>M651</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tabotamp fibrillar</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>431962</td>
			<td>Absorbable hemostat</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transpore Surgical Tape</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>1527-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>U-100 Insulin syringe</td>
			<td>BD Medical</td>
			<td>324825</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vessel Dilator</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>18603-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vitro-Clud</td>
			<td>Langenbrinck</td>
			<td>04-0001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Weigerts iron hematoxylin Kit</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>1.15973.0002</td>
			<td>Trichrome staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylene</td>
			<td>Th. Geyer</td>
			<td>3410</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

balloon-based injury to induce myointimal hyperplasia in the mouse abdominal aorta

Bruk av dyr modeller er viktig for en bedre forståelse av MH, én store årsaken til arterial stenose. I denne artikkelen viser vi en murine ballong denudation modell, som kan sammenlignes med etablerte fartøyet skade modeller i store dyr. Aorta denudation modellen med ballong katetre etterligner klinisk setting og fører til tilsvarende pathobiological og fysiologiske endringer. Kort, etter utfører en vannrett snitt i aorta abdominalis, en ballong kateter vil bli satt inn i fartøyet oppblåst og introdusert retrogradely. Inflasjonen av ballongen vil føre til intima skade og overdistension av fartøyet. Etter fjerner kateter, stengt den aorta snittet med enkelt masker. Modellen vist i denne artikkelen er reproduserbare, enkel å utføre, og kan etableres raskt og pålitelig. Det er spesielt egnet for å vurdere dyre eksperimentelle terapeutiske agenter, som kan brukes på en økonomisk måte. Ved å bruke ulike knockout-mouse stammer, kan effekten av ulike gener på MH utvikling vurderes.

Ballong denudation er en passende modell å studere utviklingen av MH i mus. Dyr komme seg frisk fra kirurgi og viser en utmerket fysisk tilstand etter operasjon. Vi etablerte denne modellen i 50 mus med mindre enn 3% dødsrate på grunn av den kirurgiske prosedyren. Tallene 1B -C Vis de viktigste kirurgiske trinnene. Etter en huden snitt langs den linea alba, identifisere aorta abdominalis. Plass Mikrokirurgiske klemmer (<s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Balloon-based Injury to Induce Myointimal Hyperplasia in the Mouse Abdominal Aorta at JoVE.com

Balloon-based Injury to Induce Myointimal Hyperplasia in the Mouse Abdominal Aorta

Denne artikkelen viser en murine modell for å studere utviklingen av myointimal hyperplasia (MH) etter aorta ballong skader.

Ballong-baserte skade å indusere Myointimal Hyperplasia i musen Abdominal Aorta

The use of animal models is essential for a better understanding of MH, one major cause for arterial stenosis.In this article, we demonstrate a murine ...

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Medicine

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