Name: using a microfluidics device for mechanical stimulation and high resolution imaging of c. elegans
Uploaded: 2018-02-19T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Using a Microfluidics Device for Mechanical Stimulation and High Resolution Imaging of C. elegans at JoVE.com

Vi takker Sandra N. Manosalvas-Kjono, Purim Ladpli, Farah Memon, Divya Gopisetty og Veronica Sanchez for støtte i konstruksjon og generasjon mutant dyr. Denne forskningen ble støttet av NIH tilskudd R01EB006745 (til anbefalte), R01NS092099 (til MBG), K99NS089942 (å MK), F31NS100318 (å ALN) og mottatt finansiering fra europeiske Research Council (ERC) under EUs horisonten 2020 forskning og innovasjon program () gi avtalen nr. 715243 til MK).

1. enheten fabrikasjon
<ol><li>Last ned filen vedlagt maske (ekstra fil 1) og generere en chrome maske med et trykkeri eller internt anlegg. Det laveste målet på enheten er 10 µm (aktuator membran tykkelse), sikre at masken har tilstrekkelig høy oppløsning, innenfor ± 0,25 µm, pålitelig produsere funksjonene.</li>
	<li>
Følger standard SU-8 klima og jordsmonn metoder (f.eksrefererer24,25,...

<ol>
	<li>Eastwood, A. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+mechanics+govern+the+rapidly+adapting+and+symmetrical+response+to+touch.">Tissue mechanics govern the rapidly adapting and symmetrical response to touch.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 15 (50), E6955-E6963 (2015).</li><li>Katta, S., Krieg, M., Goodman, M. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Feeling+Force:+Physical+and+Physiological+Principles+Enabling+Sensory+Mechanotransduction.">Feeling Force: Physical and Physiological Principles Enabling Sensory Mechanotransduction.</a> Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 31, 347-371 (2015).</li><li>Krieg, M., Dunn, A. R., Goodman, M. 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M., M&#252;ller, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+stimulation+of+Piezo1+receptors+depends+on+extracellular+matrix+proteins+and+directionality+of+force.">Mechanical stimulation of Piezo1 receptors depends on extracellular matrix proteins and directionality of force.</a> Nano Lett. 17 (3), 2064-2072 (2017).</li><li>Geffeney, S. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DEG/ENaC+but+not+TRP+channels+are+the+major+mechanoelectrical+transduction+channels+in+a+c.+Elegans+nociceptor.">DEG/ENaC but not TRP channels are the major mechanoelectrical transduction channels in a c. Elegans nociceptor.</a> Neuron. 71 (5), 845-857 (2011).</li><li>O'Hagan, R., Chalfie, M., Goodman, M. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+MEC-4+DEG/ENaC+channel+of+Caenorhabditis+elegans+touch+receptor+neurons+transduces+mechanical+signals.">The MEC-4 DEG/ENaC channel of Caenorhabditis elegans touch receptor neurons transduces mechanical signals.</a> Nat. Neurosci. 8 (1), 43-50 (2005).</li><li>Suzuki, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+Vivo+Imaging+of+C.+elegans+Mechanosensory+Neurons+Demonstrates+a+Specific+Role+for+the+MEC-4+Channel+in+the+Process+of+Gentle+Touch+Sensation.">In Vivo Imaging of C. elegans Mechanosensory Neurons Demonstrates a Specific Role for the MEC-4 Channel in the Process of Gentle Touch Sensation.</a> Neuron. 39 (6), 1005-1017 (2003).</li><li>Kopito, R. 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B., Chalfie, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+DEG/ENaC+protein+MEC-10+regulates+the+transduction+channel+complex+in+Caenorhabditis+elegans+touch+receptor+neurons.">The DEG/ENaC protein MEC-10 regulates the transduction channel complex in Caenorhabditis elegans touch receptor neurons.</a> J. Neurosci. 31 (35), 12695-12704 (2011).</li><li>Lockhead, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+tubulin+repertoire+of+Caenorhabditis+elegans+sensory+neurons+and+its+context-dependent+role+in+process+outgrowth.">The tubulin repertoire of Caenorhabditis elegans sensory neurons and its context-dependent role in process outgrowth.</a> Mol. Biol. Cell. 27 (23), 3717-3728 (2016).</li><li>Goodman, M. B., Ernstrom, G. G., Chelur, D. S., O'hagan, R., Yao, C. A., Chalfie, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MEC-2+regulates+C.+elegans+DEG/ENaC+channels+needed+for+mechanosensation.">MEC-2 regulates C. elegans DEG/ENaC channels needed for mechanosensation.</a> Nature. 415 (6875), 1039-1042 (2002).</li><li>Nekimken, A., Fehlauer, H., Kim, A., Goodman, M., Pruitt, B. L., Krieg, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pneumatic+stimulation+of+C.+elegans+mechanoreceptor+neurons+in+a+microfluidic+trap.">Pneumatic stimulation of C. elegans mechanoreceptor neurons in a microfluidic trap.</a> Lab Chip. , (2017).</li><li>Brower, K., White, A. K., Fordyce, P. 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O., Lima, R., Minas, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biomedical+microfluidic+devices+by+using+low-cost+fabrication+techniques:+A+review.">Biomedical microfluidic devices by using low-cost fabrication techniques: A review.</a> J. Biomech. 49 (11), 2280-2292 (2016).</li><li>Xia, Y., Whitesides, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SOFT+LITHOGRAPHY.">SOFT LITHOGRAPHY.</a> Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 28 (1), 153-184 (1998).</li><li>Chen, T. -. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrasensitive+fluorescent+proteins+for+imaging+neuronal+activity.">Ultrasensitive fluorescent proteins for imaging neuronal activity.</a> Nature. 499 (7458), 295-300 (2013).</li><li>Cho, Y., Porto, D., Hwang, H., Grundy, L., Schafer, W. R., Lu, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automated+and+controlled+mechanical+stimulation+and+functional+imaging+in+vivo+in+C.+elegans.">Automated and controlled mechanical stimulation and functional imaging in vivo in C. elegans.</a> Lab Chip. , (2017).</li><li>Edwards, S. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+molecular+solution+for+ultraviolet+light+detection+in+Caenorhabditis+elegans.">A novel molecular solution for ultraviolet light detection in Caenorhabditis elegans.</a> PLoS Biol. 6 (8), 1715-1729 (2008).</li><li>Porta-de-la-Riva, M., Fontrodona, L., Villanueva, A., Cer&#243;n, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Basic+Caenorhabditis+elegans+methods:+synchronization+and+observation.">Basic Caenorhabditis elegans methods: synchronization and observation.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (64), e4019 (2012).</li><li>Schindelin, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fiji:+an+open-source+platform+for+biological-image+analysis.">Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis.</a> Nat. Methods. 9 (7), 676-682 (2012).</li><li>Cho, Y., Porto, D. A., Hwang, H., Grundy, L. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-Throughput+Controlled+Mechanical+Stimulation+and+Functional+Imaging+In+Vivo.">High-Throughput Controlled Mechanical Stimulation and Functional Imaging In Vivo.</a> BiorXiv. , (2017).</li><li>Petzold, B. C., Park, S. -. J., Mazzochette, E. A., Goodman, M. B., Pruitt, B. 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Denne protokollen viser en metode for levering av nøyaktige mekanisk stimulering til huden på en rundorm fanget i en microfluidic chip. Det er ment å forenkle integreringen av fysiske stimuli for biologiske spørsmål og effektivisering mechanobiology forskning i biologiske laboratorier. Denne metoden utvider tidligere analyser for å vurdere funksjon mechanosensory nerveceller i C. elegans. Tidligere kvantitative og semi kvantitative teknikker målt styrker1,<sup class="xre...

Følelsen av berøring gir dyr med viktig informasjon om miljøet deres. Avhengig av brukt styrken oppfattes touch som ufarlige, behagelige eller smertefulle. Vev deformasjon under touch oppdages av spesialiserte mechanoreceptor celler i huden som uttrykker reseptor proteiner, oftest ionekanaler. Trinnene kobler force oppfatning å ion kanal aktivisering touch og smerte er ikke fullt ut forstått. Enda mindre er kjent om hvordan huden vev filtre mekanisk deformasjon og om mechanoreceptors registrere endringer i belastning eller stress1,2,3. Dette gapet i forståelse oppstår, delvis av mangel av egnet verktøy for å bruke presis mekaniske stimulations på overflaten av huden på et levende dyr mens observere svar på cellular nivået. Mens atomic force mikroskopi har vært brukt mye og måle styrker i isolerte celler4,5 og også aktivere Piezo1 reseptorer i levende celler6, lignende eksperimenter med levende dyr, spesielt C. elegans, har vært svært utfordrende på grunn av iboende mobilitet av faget. Denne utfordringen er tradisjonelt circumvented ved hjelp av veterinær - eller kirurgisk-klasse cyanoacrylate lim til nakkens enkelte dyr på agar, pads,1,,7,,8,,9. Denne tilnærmingen er produktive, men har begrensninger knyttet til ferdigheter kreves for immobilisering av lime og myke agar overflaten på mekanisk elastisitet. En microfluidics strategi er et gratis alternativ som unngår noen komplikasjoner å.
Rundormer C. elegans er en genetisk modell organisme med en helt tilordnet nervesystemet som, på grunn av dyrets størrelse, er passe godt for microfluidics teknologi. MicroFluidics-baserte enheter tilbyr fordelen at ellers svært mobile dyrene kan dempes ved utføring av høy oppløsning bilder og levering av relevante Nevro-modulatory stimuli. Med hjelp av microfluidic kan teknologi, levende dyr bli immobilisert uten skade10,11, aktivere overvåking av atferdsmessige aktivitet over livslangt12,13 og høy oppløsning bildebehandling neuronal aktivitet14,15,16,17. Videre, mange mechanoreceptor neurons trengte for følelse av berøring og smerte kan være preget på deres fysiologiske1,8, mekanisk4,18,19, og molekylære nivå20,21,22.
C. elegans sanser mild mekanisk stimuli til sin kropp vegg med seks TRNs, hvorav tre innervate dyr fremre (ALML/R og AVM) og tre som innervate dyr bakre (PLML/R og PVM). Ion kanal molekylene trengs for transducing en anvendt kraft til et biokjemiske signal har blitt grundig studert i sin TRNs8. Denne artikkelen presenterer en microfluidic plattform23 som gjør at forskerne å bruke presis mekaniske krefter til huden på en immobilisert C. elegans rundorm, mens du leser ut deformasjon av sin interne vev av optisk tenkelig. I tillegg presenterer veldefinerte mekanisk stimuli, kan kalsium transienter være registrert i mechanoreceptor neurons med subcellular oppløsning og korrelert med morfologiske og anatomisk. Enheten består av en sentral overlapping kanal som holder en single dyr og presenterer huden ved seks pneumatiske actuation kanaler (figur 1 og figur 2). Seks kanalene er plassert langs kanalen overlapping å levere mekanisk stimuli til hver av ormen seks TRNs. Disse kanalene er atskilt fra overtrykk kammer med tynne PDMS membraner, som kan være drevet av en ekstern luft trykket kilde (figur 1). Vi kalibrerte nedbøyning forhold til press og gi målinger i denne artikkelen. Hver aktuator kan adressert individuelt og brukes å stimulere en mechanoreceptor valg. Trykket er levert med en piezo-drevet trykk pumpe, men alle alternative enheter kan brukes. Vi viser at trykket protokollen kan brukes å aktivere TRNs i vivo og demonstrere drift enheter egnet for leverer mekanisk stimuli til voksen C. elegans, lasting voksen dyr til enheter, utfører kalsium bildebehandling eksperimenter, og analysere resultatene. Enheten fabrikasjon består av to hovedtrinn: 1) klima og jordsmonn lage en støpeform SU-8; og 2) molding PDMS for å gjøre en enhet. For kortfattethet og klarhet kalles lesere tidligere publiserte artikler og protokoller24,25 for instruksjoner om hvordan å produsere mugg og enheter.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Chrome mask</td>
			<td>Compugraphics (http://www.compugraphics-photomasks.com/)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>5&#39;&#39;, designed in AutoCAD (Autodesk, Inc.)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chrome mask</td>
			<td>Mitani-Micronics (http://www.mitani-micro.co.jp/en/)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>5&#39;&#39;, designed in AutoCAD (Autodesk, Inc.)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chrome mask</td>
			<td>Kuroda-Electric (http://www.kuroda-electric.eu/</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>5&#39;&#39;, designed in AutoCAD (Autodesk, Inc.)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4&#39;&#39; Silicon wafer (B-test)</td>
			<td>Stanford Nanofabrication Facility</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SU-8 2002</td>
			<td>MicroChem</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SU-8 2050</td>
			<td>MicroChem</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spin-coater</td>
			<td>Laurell Technologies</td>
			<td>WS-400BZ-6NPP/LITE</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Exposure timer</td>
			<td>Optical Associates, Inc</td>
			<td>OAI 150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Illumination controller</td>
			<td>Optical Associates, Inc</td>
			<td>2105C2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SU-8 developer</td>
			<td>MicroChem</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-Propanol</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A426F-1GAL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetone</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A18-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trichloromethylsilane (TCMS)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>92361-500ML</td>
			<td>Caution: TCMS is toxic and water-reactive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sylgard 184 Elastomer Kit</td>
			<td>Dow Corning</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>PDMS prepolymer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biopsy punch, 1 mm</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>95039-090</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oxygen Plasma Asher</td>
			<td>Branson/IPC</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small metal tubing (0.635 mm OD, 0.4318 mm ID, 12.7 mm long); gage size 23TW</td>
			<td>New England Small Tube Corporation</td>
			<td>NE-1300-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nalgene syringe filter, 0.22 &#956;m</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>725-2520</td>
			<td>to filter all solution, small particles would clog the chip</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyethylene tubing; 0.9652 mm OD, 0.5842 mm ID</td>
			<td>Solomon Scientific</td>
			<td>BPE-T50</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe, 1 ml</td>
			<td>BD Scientific</td>
			<td>309628</td>
			<td>for worm trapping and release</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe, 20 ml</td>
			<td>BD Scientific</td>
			<td>309661</td>
			<td>for gravity-based flow</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gilson Minipuls 3, Peristaltic pump</td>
			<td>Gilson</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>to suck solutions and worms out of the chip</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microfluidic flow controller, equipped with 0&#8211;800 kPa pressure channel</td>
			<td>Elveflow</td>
			<td>OB1 MK3</td>
			<td>pressure delivery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water-Resistant Clear Poly- urethane Tubing, 4 mm ID and 6 mm OD</td>
			<td>McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>5195 T52</td>
			<td>connection from house air to pressure pump</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water-Resistant Clear Polyurethane Tubing, 2.6mm ID and 4mm OD</td>
			<td>McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>5195 T51</td>
			<td>connect pressure pump to small tubng</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Push-to-Connect Tube Fitting for Air</td>
			<td>McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>5111K468</td>
			<td>metric - imperial converter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Straight Connector for 6 mm &#215; 1/4&#8243; Tube OD</td>
			<td>McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>5779 K258</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica DMI 4000 B microscopy system</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>63&#215;/1.32 NA HCX PL APO oil objective</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>506081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hamamatsu Orca-Flash 4.0LT digital CMOS camera</td>
			<td>Hamamatsu</td>
			<td>C11440-42U</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lumencor Spectra X light engine</td>
			<td>Lumencor</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>With cyan and green/yellow light source</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Excitation beam splitter</td>
			<td>Chroma</td>
			<td>59022bs</td>
			<td>in the microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hamamatsu W-view Gemini Image splitting optics</td>
			<td>Hamamatsu</td>
			<td>A12801-01</td>
			<td>to split green and red emission and project them on different areas on the camera chip</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Emission beam splitter</td>
			<td>Chroma</td>
			<td>T570lpxr</td>
			<td>in the image splitter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Emission filters GCamp6s</td>
			<td>Chroma</td>
			<td>ET525/50m</td>
			<td>in the image splitter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Emission filters mCherry</td>
			<td>Chroma</td>
			<td>ET632/60m</td>
			<td>in the image splitter</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

using a microfluidics device for mechanical stimulation and high resolution imaging of c. elegans

Et sentralt mål av mechanobiology er å forstå den gjensidige effekten av mekanisk stress på proteiner og celler. Til tross for sin betydning, er påvirkning av mekaniske påkjenninger på cellulære funksjoner fremdeles dårlig forstått. Delvis finnes denne kunnskapen hullet fordi noen verktøy aktiverer samtidige deformasjon av vev og celler, imaging cellular aktivitet i levende dyr og effektiv begrensning av motilitet i ellers svært mobile modell organismer, som Rundormer Caenorhabditis elegans. Den lille størrelsen C. elegans gjør dem en god match for microfluidics-basert forskning enheter og løsninger for immobilisering har blitt presentert med microfluidic enheter. Selv om disse enhetene tillater høy-resolution tenkelig, er dyret fullstendig innkapslet i polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) og glass, begrense fysisk tilgang for levering av mekanisk kraft eller elektrofysiologiske opptak. Nylig har opprettet vi en enhet som integrerer pneumatiske aktuatorer med overlapping design som er kompatibel med høy oppløsning fluorescens mikroskopi. Aktivering kanalen er separert fra ormen-fangst kanal en PDMS membran. Denne membranen er forandret retning i siden av en orm, ved å legge press fra en ekstern kilde. Enheten kan målrette individuelle mechanosensitive neurons. Aktivering av disse neurons er avbildet på høy oppløsning med genetisk kodet kalsium indikatorer. Denne artikkelen presenterer de generelle metoden bruker C. elegans stammer uttrykke kalsium-sensitive aktivitet indikator (GCaMP6s) i deres touch reseptor neurons (TRNs). Metoden er ikke begrenset til TRNs eller til kalsium sensorer som en sonde, men kan utvides til andre mekanisk-sensitive celler eller sensorer.

SU-8 litografi og Chip bånd Litografi protokollen og PDMS molding følger standard prosedyrer. Detaljer kan finnes andre steder23,24,25,26. PDMS bør løsner kjeks uten problemer etter herding. Hvis funksjonene SU-8 plyndre under PDMS peeling, var SU-8 vedheft laget eller silanization utilstrekkelig. Hvis plasma-aktivering av glass-coverslip...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Using a Microfluidics Device for Mechanical Stimulation and High Resolution Imaging of C. elegans at JoVE.com

Using a Microfluidics Device for Mechanical Stimulation and High Resolution Imaging of C. elegans

Nye verktøy for mechanobiology forskning er nødvendig for å forstå hvordan mekanisk stress aktiverer biochemical pathways og utløser biologiske respons. Her presentere vi en ny metode for selektiv mekanisk stimulering av immobilisert dyr med en microfluidic-felle slik at høy-resolution tenkelig mobilnettet svar.

Bruker en Microfluidics enhet for mekanisk stimulering og høy oppløsning Imaging C. elegans

One central goal of mechanobiology is to understand the reciprocal effect of mechanical stress on proteins and cells. Despite its importance, the ...

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Neuroscience

Using a Microfluidics Device for Mechanical Stimulation and High Resolution Imaging of C. elegans

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Assaying ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â²-amyloid Toxicity using a Transgenic C. elegans Model

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The embryonic spinal cord consists of cycling neural progenitor cells that give rise to a large percentage of the neuronal and glial cells of the central ...

Automated Quantification of Synaptic Fluorescence in C. elegans

Automated Quantification of Synaptic Fluorescence in C. elegans

Automatisert Kvantifisering av Synaptic fluorescens i<em&gt; C. elegans</em

Synapse strength refers to the amplitude of postsynaptic responses to presynaptic neurotransmitter release events, and has a major impact on overall ...

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The nematode worm C. elegans is an ideal model organism  for relatively simple, low cost neuronal imaging in vivo. Its small transparent body and simple, ...