Name: a murine model of vertical sleeve gastrectomy
Uploaded: 2017-12-18T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Murine Model of Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy at JoVE.com

这项研究得到了 NIH/R21CA195002-01A1, 康奈尔妇女协会会长和美国纽约州立大学研究生多样性奖学金的支持。Dr. 卡明斯实验室也在项目期间从康奈尔比较癌症生物训练计划和礼礼和公司获得了资金。

所有的实验方案都得到了康奈尔大学机构动物护理和使用委员会的批准。
1. 手术前准备
注意: 研究小鼠通常是 C57BL 饮食诱发的肥胖背景, 使研究翻译与人类肥胖和胰岛素抵抗有关。在随后的步骤中, 可以对雄性和雌性小鼠进行研究。
<ol>
	<li>在2月的年龄, 将老鼠放在45% 或60% 高脂肪的饮食中2月 (参见材料表)。 注: 老鼠被喂食高脂肪饮食, 以...

<ol>
	<li>Buchwald, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bariatric+surgery:+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> JAMA. 292 (14), 1724-1737 (2004).</li><li>Wadden, T. A., Butryn, M. L., Byrne, K. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficacy+of+lifestyle+modification+for+long-term+weight+control.">Efficacy of lifestyle modification for long-term weight control.</a> Obes Res. 12, 151s-162s (2004).</li><li>Yanovski, S. Z., Yanovski, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Obesity.">Obesity.</a> N Engl J Med. 346 (8), 591-602 (2002).</li><li>Abbatini, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+effects+of+laparoscopic+sleeve+gastrectomy,+gastric+bypass,+and+adjustable+gastric+banding+on+type+2+diabetes.">Long-term effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass, and adjustable gastric banding on type 2 diabetes.</a> Surg Endosc. 24 (5), 1005-1010 (2010).</li><li>Sjostrom, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+bariatric+surgery+on+mortality+in+Swedish+obese+subjects.">Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects.</a> N Engl J Med. 357 (8), 741-752 (2007).</li><li>Adams, T. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cancer+incidence+and+mortality+after+gastric+bypass+surgery.">Cancer incidence and mortality after gastric bypass surgery.</a> Obesity (Silver Spring). 17 (4), 796-802 (2009).</li><li>Vest, A. R., Heneghan, H. M., Schauer, P. R., Young, J. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+management+of+obesity+and+the+relationship+to+cardiovascular+disease.">Surgical management of obesity and the relationship to cardiovascular disease.</a> Circulation. 127 (8), 945-959 (2013).</li><li>Ahmed, A. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+Roux-en-Y+gastric+bypass+and+its+early+effect+on+blood+pressure.">Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and its early effect on blood pressure.</a> Obes Surg. 19 (7), 845-849 (2009).</li><li>Pories, W. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Who+would+have+thought+it?+An+operation+proves+to+be+the+most+effective+therapy+for+adult-onset+diabetes+mellitus.">Who would have thought it? An operation proves to be the most effective therapy for adult-onset diabetes mellitus.</a> Ann Surg. 222 (3), 339-350 (1995).</li><li>Garibay, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=beta-Cell+Glucagon-Like+Peptide-1+Receptor+Contributes+to+Improved+Glucose+Tolerance+After+Vertical+Sleeve+Gastrectomy.">beta-Cell Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Contributes to Improved Glucose Tolerance After Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy.</a> Endocrinology. 157 (9), 3405-3409 (2016).</li><li>McGavigan, A. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=TGR5+contributes+to+glucoregulatory+improvements+after+vertical+sleeve+gastrectomy+in+mice.">TGR5 contributes to glucoregulatory improvements after vertical sleeve gastrectomy in mice.</a> Gut. 66 (2), 226-234 (2017).</li><li>McGavigan, A. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vertical+sleeve+gastrectomy+reduces+blood+pressure+and+hypothalamic+endoplasmic+reticulum+stress+in+mice.">Vertical sleeve gastrectomy reduces blood pressure and hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice.</a> Dis Model Mech. 10 (3), 235-243 (2017).</li><li>Esteban Varela, J., Nguyen, N. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+sleeve+gastrectomy+leads+the+U.S.+utilization+of+bariatric+surgery+at+academic+medical+centers.">Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy leads the U.S. utilization of bariatric surgery at academic medical centers.</a> Surg Obes Relat Dis. 11 (5), 987-990 (2015).</li><li>Laferrere, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+weight+loss+by+gastric+bypass+surgery+versus+hypocaloric+diet+on+glucose+and+incretin+levels+in+patients+with+type+2+diabetes.">Effect of weight loss by gastric bypass surgery versus hypocaloric diet on glucose and incretin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.</a> J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 93 (7), 2479-2485 (2008).</li><li>Adams, T. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Health+benefits+of+gastric+bypass+surgery+after+6+years.">Health benefits of gastric bypass surgery after 6 years.</a> Jama. 308 (11), 1122-1131 (2012).</li><li>McGavigan, A. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=TGR5+contributes+to+glucoregulatory+improvements+after+vertical+sleeve+gastrectomy+in+mice.">TGR5 contributes to glucoregulatory improvements after vertical sleeve gastrectomy in mice.</a> Gut. , (2015).</li><li>Peterli, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improvement+in+glucose+metabolism+after+bariatric+surgery:+comparison+of+laparoscopic+Roux-en-Y+gastric+bypass+and+laparoscopic+sleeve+gastrectomy:+a+prospective+randomized+trial.">Improvement in glucose metabolism after bariatric surgery: comparison of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a prospective randomized trial.</a> Ann Surg. 250 (2), 234-241 (2009).</li><li>Ryan, K. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=FXR+is+a+molecular+target+for+the+effects+of+vertical+sleeve+gastrectomy.">FXR is a molecular target for the effects of vertical sleeve gastrectomy.</a> Nature. 509 (7499), 183-188 (2014).</li><li>Wilson-Perez, H. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vertical+sleeve+gastrectomy+is+effective+in+two+genetic+mouse+models+of+glucagon-like+Peptide+1+receptor+deficiency.">Vertical sleeve gastrectomy is effective in two genetic mouse models of glucagon-like Peptide 1 receptor deficiency.</a> Diabetes. 62 (7), 2380-2385 (2013).</li><li>Pressler, J. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vertical+sleeve+gastrectomy+restores+glucose+homeostasis+in+apolipoprotein+A-IV+KO+mice.">Vertical sleeve gastrectomy restores glucose homeostasis in apolipoprotein A-IV KO mice.</a> Diabetes. 64 (2), 498-507 (2015).</li></ol>

减肥手术是最有效的长期治疗肥胖和结果的其他健康的好处, 如高率2型糖尿病和高血压缓解1,9,15。小鼠减肥手术模型提供了一个强有力的工具, 以确定的机制, 减肥手术导致迅速和明显的改善肥胖并存。此外, 小鼠减肥手术模型提供了一个新的范式, 研究的基础生物学肠道调节各种过程, 如新陈代谢, 心血管功能, 并致癌<sup class="x...

随着肥胖流行病的持续增长, 世界范围的减肥手术越来越受欢迎, 因为它是最有效的长期治疗肥胖症的1。不幸的是, 节食和运动造成的减肥很难实现, 而且在长期的23中相对无效。减肥手术, 如垂直袖胃切除术 (VSG), 是指为减轻体重的目的而操作胃肠道1,4。虽然减肥是减肥手术的显著结果, 减肥手术提供了其他的健康好处, 如改善肥胖并存和延长寿命5。例如, 减肥手术导致2型糖尿病和高血压的高缓解率, 并减少某些类型的癌症的发展的终生风险1,6,7。值得注意的是, 减肥手术导致2型糖尿病和高血压缓解的效果往往是在手术后和体重减轻之前,8,9。这凸显了一个概念, 即有独立于体重的机制, 有助于在手术后观察到的健康益处。动物模型的减肥手术已经开发, 并被用来研究的机制, 这些健康的好处发生10,11,12。
我们已经验证了一个小鼠模型的 VSG, 我们已经应用于各种基因改良的小鼠模型, 以研究减肥手术改善肥胖并存, 如2型糖尿病, 高血压, 和结直肠癌的机制10,11,12. 啮齿类动物模型允许更多的实验控制和执行基因或药物操作的能力来定义特定基因的作用或信号通路的兴趣。我们主要关注 VSG, 因为 VSG 是美国临床上最常执行的减肥手术13。此外, VSG 是一个简单的手术模型, 较少解剖修改相比, 其他程序, 如糊-en-Y 胃旁路或胰分流。
我们的小鼠模型 VSG 重述的减肥手术观察到的以下影响: 体重下降, 减少食物摄入量, 改善葡萄糖调节, 改善胰岛功能, 增加 post-prandial 胰高血糖素样 peptide-1 (GLP-1) 分泌物,降低动脉血压, 增加循环胆汁酸浓度10,11,12,13,14,15。因此, 这是一个理想的模型来研究体重依赖性和独立的机制, VSG 改善或解决肥胖并存。此外, 它是一个可靠的模型, 可以结合其他手术程序, 允许调查的影响 VSG 在各种疾病的情况下与更大的机械洞察力12。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>45% high fat diet</td>
			<td>Research Diets</td>
			<td>D12451</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>60% high fat diet</td>
			<td>Research Diets</td>
			<td>D12492</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Boost</td>
			<td>Nestle</td>
			<td>160-67538</td>
			<td>rich chocolate flavor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6-0 Suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>Z432</td>
			<td>monofilament absorbable/taper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>7-0 Suture</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>8866127-01</td>
			<td>monofilament absorbable/taper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cotton Swabs</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>23-400-118</td>
			<td>small</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cotton Swabs</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>233-400-101</td>
			<td>large</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gauze</td>
			<td>Various</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>4x4 4 ply and 2x2 4 ply</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Foil</td>
			<td>Various</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgery drape</td>
			<td>Various</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.9% saline solution</td>
			<td>Various</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LRS</td>
			<td>Hospira</td>
			<td>170RX</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Betadine</td>
			<td>Various</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcohol</td>
			<td>Various</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eye Ointment</td>
			<td>Paralube&#174; Vet Ointment</td>
			<td>17033-211-38</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue Adhesive</td>
			<td>Vetbond</td>
			<td>1469SB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Meloxicam (Metacam)</td>
			<td>Boehringer Ingelheim</td>
			<td>141-213</td>
			<td>5 mg/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Enrofloxacin</td>
			<td>Baytril</td>
			<td>08713254-186599</td>
			<td>22.7 mg/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thin tipped hemostats</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>13021-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Metzenbaum Scissor</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>14018-18</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iris Scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>14058-09</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont Forcep</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11251-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Serrated Forcep</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11020-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gavage needle</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>18060-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microneedle driver</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>12075-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spring Scissor</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>15396-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin syringe</td>
			<td>Various</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1mL syringe</td>
			<td>Various</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20mL syringe</td>
			<td>Various</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glucometer (one touch ultra mini)</td>
			<td>Lifescan</td>
			<td>70021208</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Multiplex insulin and GLP-1 kit</td>
			<td>Meso Scale Discovery</td>
			<td>K15171C-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GraphPad Prism 6.00</td>
			<td>GraphPad Software</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nestlets</td>
			<td>Ancare</td>
			<td>NES3600</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a murine model of vertical sleeve gastrectomy

减肥手术, 如垂直袖胃切除术 (VSG), 是一个手术的胃肠道, 是为了减肥的目的。减肥手术是目前最有效的长期治疗肥胖症。除了减肥, 减肥手术还会产生额外的健康好处, 如2型糖尿病缓解, 高血压缓解, 并减少罹患某些类型的癌症的风险。这些好处的减重机制仍未完全定义。因此, 动物模型的减肥手术正在开发和验证, 以确定机制, 导致这些好处, 目的是提高对胃肠生理的认识和确定新的治疗目标。VSG 已成为最常见的减肥手术在美国诊所, 因为它是非常有效的, 以产生体重下降和新陈代谢改善, 并比其他减肥程序更简单。因此, 我们已经开发和验证了一个小鼠模型的 VSG。这种小鼠 VSG 模型重述了许多 VSG 在人类中的作用, 其中包括改善葡萄糖和血压调节。该方法是根据胃的分离, 结扎胃血管, 并去除70% 的胃由 transecting 沿更大的曲率的胃。我们已成功地将这一手术协议应用于各种基因修饰的小鼠品系, 以确定机械贡献者对 VSG 的益处。此外, 这种小鼠 VSG 模型已与其他手术技术结合, 以获得更深的机械洞察力。因此, 这是一个简单而多用途的模型, 研究胃肠生理和减肥手术的健康效益。

在图 1中描述了假的和 VSG 的过程。图 1A显示缝合线在假手术过程中沿胃壁放置的位置。在 VSG 手术中, 这一区域是胃切开的地方。图 1B显示了 VSG 的表现后左胃的管状残留。
统计和数据分析 数据被显示为平均± SEM. 通过方差分析与 Tukey 的后测试?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Murine Model of Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy at JoVE.com

A Murine Model of Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy

下面介绍了垂直袖状胃切除术在小鼠中的表现。这是一种减肥手术, 包括切除约70% 的胃。

小鼠垂直套胃切除术的动物模型

Bariatric surgery, such as vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), is a surgery of the gastrointestinal tract that is performed for the purpose of weight loss. ...

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Murine Pancreatic Islet Isolation

小鼠胰岛隔离

科研

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In the United States, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects about 10 million individuals, and is also prevalent worldwide.  Medical therapies for ...

Murine Renal Transplantation Procedure

小鼠肾移植程序

Renal orthotopic transplantation in mice is a technically challenging procedure. Although the first kidney transplants in mice were performed by Russell ...

LAD-Ligation: A Murine Model of Myocardial Infarction

法援署结扎：有心肌梗死的小鼠模型

Research models of infarction and myocardial ischemia are essential to investigate the acute and chronic pathobiological and pathophysiological processes ...

Efficient Production and Purification of Recombinant Murine Kindlin-3 from Insect Cells for Biophysical Studies

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Kindlins are essential coactivators, with talin, of the cell surface receptors&#160;integrins and also participate in integrin outside-in signalling, and ...

Isolation of Murine Coronary Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

鼠冠状动脉血管平滑肌细胞的分离

While the isolation and culture of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from large vessels is well established, we sought to isolate and culture VSMCs ...

The Murine Choline-Deficient, Ethionine-Supplemented (CDE) Diet Model of Chronic Liver Injury

The Murine Choline-Deficient, Ethionine-Supplemented CDE Diet Model of Chronic Liver Injury

慢性肝损伤小鼠胆碱缺乏、氨基补充的饮食模型

Chronic liver diseases, such as viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, are characterized by continual ...

Mass Spectrometry Analysis to Identify Ubiquitylation of EYFP-tagged CENP-A (EYFP-CENP-A)

Mass Spectrometry Analysis to Identify Ubiquitylation of EYFP-tagged CENP-A EYFP-CENP-A

质谱分析，用于识别 EYFP 标记 CENP-A （EYFP-CENP-A） 的泛化

Studying the structure and the dynamics of kinetochores and centromeres is important in understanding chromosomal instability (CIN) and cancer ...

A Murine Model of a Burn Wound Reconstructed with an Allogeneic Skin Graft

用异体皮肤移植重建的烧伤伤口的穆林模型

Trivial superficial wounds heal without complications by primary intention. Deep wounds, such as full thickness burns, heal by secondary intention and ...