Name: application of aorta-gonad-mesonephros explant culture system in developmental hematopoiesis
Uploaded: 2017-11-03T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Application of Aorta-gonad-mesonephros Explant Culture System in Developmental Hematopoiesis at JoVE.com

Vi takker Suwei Gao for hjelp i figur forberedelse. Dette arbeidet ble støttet av tilskudd fra National Natural Science Foundation av Kina (81530004, 31425016) og departementet for vitenskap og teknologi i Kina (2016YFA0100500). JL utført eksperimenter og utarbeidet manuskriptet; F.L. endret manuskriptet. Begge forfatterne lest og godkjent siste manuskriptet.

alle prosedyrer inkludert dyr fag er godkjent av etiske gjennomgangen komiteen i Institutt for zoologi, kinesiske Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Kina.
 1. materialet forberedelse <ol><li>Sterilize til 0,65 µm filtre med ultrafiolette stråler produsert under ultrafiolett rokke lampe på ren benken 4 h og snu filtrene etter 2t merket. 
	Merk: Når du arbeider med UV lys, bruk passende sjerm.</li>
	<li>Sterilisere rustfritt stål maskene med autoklav sterilisatoren ved 121 ° C i 30 minu...

<ol>
	<li>Bertrand, J. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Haematopoietic+stem+cells+derive+directly+from+aortic+endothelium+during+development.">Haematopoietic stem cells derive directly from aortic endothelium during development.</a> Nature. 464, 108-111 (2010).</li><li>Boisset, J. C., Robin, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+the+founder+of+adult+hematopoiesis+in+the+mouse+embryo+aorta.">Imaging the founder of adult hematopoiesis in the mouse embryo aorta.</a> Cell cycle. 9, 2489-2490 (2010).</li><li>Kissa, K., Herbomel, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blood+stem+cells+emerge+from+aortic+endothelium+by+a+novel+type+of+cell+transition.">Blood stem cells emerge from aortic endothelium by a novel type of cell transition.</a> Nature. 464, 112-115 (2010).</li><li>Zovein, A. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fate+tracing+reveals+the+endothelial+origin+of+hematopoietic+stem+cells.">Fate tracing reveals the endothelial origin of hematopoietic stem cells.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 3, 625-636 (2008).</li><li>Kumaravelu, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+developmental+anatomy+of+definitive+haematopoietic+stem+cells+long-term+repopulating+units+(HSC/RUs):+role+of+the+aorta-gonad-mesonephros+(AGM)+region+and+the+yolk+sac+in+colonisation+of+the+mouse+embryonic+liver.">Quantitative developmental anatomy of definitive haematopoietic stem cells long-term repopulating units (HSC/RUs): role of the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region and the yolk sac in colonisation of the mouse embryonic liver.</a> Development. 129, 4891-4899 (2002).</li><li>Orkin, S. H., Zon, L. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hematopoiesis:+an+evolving+paradigm+for+stem+cell+biology.">Hematopoiesis: an evolving paradigm for stem cell biology.</a> Cell. 132, 631-644 (2008).</li><li>Medvinsky, A., Dzierzak, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Definitive+hematopoiesis+is+autonomously+initiated+by+the+AGM+region.">Definitive hematopoiesis is autonomously initiated by the AGM region.</a> Cell. 86, 897-906 (1996).</li><li>Peeters, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ventral+embryonic+tissues+and+Hedgehog+proteins+induce+early+AGM+hematopoietic+stem+cell+development.">Ventral embryonic tissues and Hedgehog proteins induce early AGM hematopoietic stem cell development.</a> Development. 136, 2613-2621 (2009).</li><li>Taoudi, S., Medvinsky, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+identification+of+the+hematopoietic+stem+cell+niche+in+the+ventral+domain+of+the+embryonic+dorsal+aorta.">Functional identification of the hematopoietic stem cell niche in the ventral domain of the embryonic dorsal aorta.</a> PNAS. 104, 9399-9403 (2007).</li><li>Crisan, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=BMP+and+Hedgehog+Regulate+Distinct+AGM+Hematopoietic+Stem+Cells+Ex+Vivo.">BMP and Hedgehog Regulate Distinct AGM Hematopoietic Stem Cells Ex Vivo.</a> Stem Cell Reports. 6, 383-395 (2016).</li><li>Durand, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Embryonic+stromal+clones+reveal+developmental+regulators+of+definitive+hematopoietic+stem+cells.">Embryonic stromal clones reveal developmental regulators of definitive hematopoietic stem cells.</a> PNAS. 104, 20838-20843 (2007).</li><li>Fleury, M., Petit-Cocault, L., Clay, D., Souyri, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mpl+receptor+defect+leads+to+earlier+appearance+of+hematopoietic+cells/hematopoietic+stem+cells+in+the+Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros+region,+with+increased+apoptosis.">Mpl receptor defect leads to earlier appearance of hematopoietic cells/hematopoietic stem cells in the Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros region, with increased apoptosis.</a> Int J Dev Biol. 54, 1067-1074 (2010).</li><li>Lv, J., Wang, L., Gao, Y., Ding, Y. Q., Liu, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=5-hydroxytryptamine+synthesized+in+the+aorta-gonad-mesonephros+regulates+hematopoietic+stem+and+progenitor+cell+survival.">5-hydroxytryptamine synthesized in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell survival.</a> J Exp Med. 214, 529-545 (2017).</li><li>Souilhol, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inductive+interactions+mediated+by+interplay+of+asymmetric+signalling+underlie+development+of+adult+haematopoietic+stem+cells.">Inductive interactions mediated by interplay of asymmetric signalling underlie development of adult haematopoietic stem cells.</a> Nature communications. 7, 10784 (2016).</li><li>Fitch, S. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Signaling+from+the+sympathetic+nervous+system+regulates+hematopoietic+stem+cell+emergence+during+embryogenesis.">Signaling from the sympathetic nervous system regulates hematopoietic stem cell emergence during embryogenesis.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 11, 554-566 (2012).</li><li>Bianchi, M., Moser, C., Lazzarini, C., Vecchiato, E., Crespi, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Forced+swimming+test+and+fluoxetine+treatment:+in+vivo+evidence+that+peripheral+5-HT+in+rat+platelet-rich+plasma+mirrors+cerebral+extracellular+5-HT+levels,+whilst+5-HT+in+isolated+platelets+mirrors+neuronal+5-HT+changes.">Forced swimming test and fluoxetine treatment: in vivo evidence that peripheral 5-HT in rat platelet-rich plasma mirrors cerebral extracellular 5-HT levels, whilst 5-HT in isolated platelets mirrors neuronal 5-HT changes.</a> Exp Brain Res. 143, 191-197 (2002).</li><li>Ortiz, J., Artigas, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+monoamine+uptake+inhibitors+on+extracellular+and+platelet+5-hydroxytryptamine+in+rat+blood:+different+effects+of+clomipramine+and+fluoxetine.">Effects of monoamine uptake inhibitors on extracellular and platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine in rat blood: different effects of clomipramine and fluoxetine.</a> Br J Pharmacol. 105, 941-946 (1992).</li><li>Wong, D. T., Horng, J. S., Bymaster, F. P., Hauser, K. L., Molloy, B. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+selective+inhibitor+of+serotonin+uptake:+Lilly+110140,+3-(p-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-N-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine.">A selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake: Lilly 110140, 3-(p-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-N-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine.</a> Life sciences. 15, 471-479 (1974).</li><li>Chen, M. J., Yokomizo, T., Zeigler, B. M., Dzierzak, E., Speck, N. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Runx1+is+required+for+the+endothelial+to+haematopoietic+cell+transition+but+not+thereafter.">Runx1 is required for the endothelial to haematopoietic cell transition but not thereafter.</a> Nature. 457, 887-891 (2009).</li><li>Rybtsov, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hierarchical+organization+and+early+hematopoietic+specification+of+the+developing+HSC+lineage+in+the+AGM+region.">Hierarchical organization and early hematopoietic specification of the developing HSC lineage in the AGM region.</a> J Exp Med. 208, 1305-1315 (2011).</li><li>Muthuswamy, S. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bringing+together+the+organoid+field:+from+early+beginnings+to+the+road+ahead.">Bringing together the organoid field: from early beginnings to the road ahead.</a> Development. 144, 963-967 (2017).</li></ol>

Det er velkjent at eldre HSCs i beinmargen kan gjenbefolke av blodet bestrålt mottakere. I motsetning til disse funksjonelle HSCs er de nye HSCs i generalforsamlingen av musen embryo umodne. Direkte transplantasjon resultatene viste den typen jeg (VE-cad+ CD45- CD41+) og type II (VE-cad+ CD45+) pre-HSCs har ingen rekonstituering evne til20. Dra nytte av generalforsamlingen explant kultur system, de begynnende HSCs i regionen generalforsamling...

Blodkreft stamceller (HSCs) er vev-spesifikke voksen stilk celler som har multilineage potensial inkludert erythroid, myelogen, og lymfoide celler, samt muligheten til å selv-fornye. Nyere studier har vist at de tidligste HSCs oppsto fra en spesialisert endothelial befolkning, kjent som hemogenic endotelet (han), gjennom den endothelial blodkreft overgang (EHT) på ventral veggen dorsalis1,2 ,3,4. Når dannet i aorta-gonad-mesonephros (GF) regionen fra embryonale (E) 10.5 til E12.5 i musen embryo, vil HSCs overføre til fosterets leveren for ekspansjon og endelig kolonisere benmargen for å opprettholde voksen hematopoiesis gjennom en persons liv 5 , 6. selv om dette har vært studert i mange år, de underliggende mekanismene HSC fremveksten og utviklingen fortsatt ufullstendig forstått.
I motsetning til i vitro fertilisering og utvikling av sebrafisk embryo gjør intrauterine utvikling av musen embryo studiet av definitive hematopoiesis under embryogenesis mye mer upraktisk. Selv om genetiske eksperimenter med knockout (KO) mus benyttes ofte, begrenser mangel på visse KO mus også bruken i feltet blodkreft forskning. I tillegg utføres i vivo redning eksperimenter enkelt ikke i KO mus. Siden 1996, har AGM explant kulturen blitt utviklet for blodkreft studier av pionerene i feltet7. Med hjelp av denne kultur-systemet, har ventral vev av generalforsamlingen regionen blitt identifisert for å fremme HSC aktivitet, mens dorsal vev utøve en motsatt effekt8,9. Generalforsamlingen explant kultur-systemet er også brukt for å avgjøre rollene til Serotonin, Mpl, SCF, BMP og pinnsvin signalering i HSC utvikling10,11,12,13, 14. viktigst, det er også en populær metode som brukes til å redde blodkreft defekter i mutant embryo13,15.

<table style="border-collapse:collapse;width:458pt" width="610">
	<colgroup>
		<col style="width:162pt" width="216" />
		<col style="width:81pt" width="108" />
		<col style="width:89pt" width="119" />
		<col style="width:125pt" width="167" />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl67" height="21" style="width:162pt;height:15.75pt" width="216">durapore 0.65 &#181;m filters</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Millipore</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:89pt" width="119">R5BA63787</td>
			<td class="xl67" style="width:125pt" width="167">AGM explant culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42" style="height:31.5pt">
			<td class="xl67" height="42" style="height:31.5pt">M5300 long-term culture medium</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Stem Cell Technologies</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:89pt" width="119">5300</td>
			<td class="xl67">AGM explant culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="21" style="width:162pt;height:15.75pt" width="216">Trizol&#160;</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Tiangen</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:89pt" width="119">5829</td>
			<td class="xl67">RNA extration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="21" style="width:162pt;height:15.75pt" width="216">M-MLV reverse transcriptase</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Promega</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:89pt" width="119">90694</td>
			<td class="xl67">reverse transcription</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="21" style="width:162pt;height:15.75pt" width="216">SYBR Green</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Qiagen</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:89pt" width="119">A6002</td>
			<td class="xl67">quantatitive real-time PCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="21" style="width:162pt;height:15.75pt" width="216">protease inhibitor</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Roche</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:89pt" width="119">55622</td>
			<td class="xl67">Protein extration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="21" style="width:162pt;height:15.75pt" width="216">collagenase</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Sigma</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:89pt" width="119">C2674</td>
			<td class="xl67">digestion of AGM tissues</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42" style="height:31.5pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="42" style="width:162pt;height:31.5pt" width="216">MethoCult GF M3434 medium</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Stem Cell Technologies</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:89pt" width="119">3434</td>
			<td class="xl67">CFU-C assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42" style="height:31.5pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="42" style="width:162pt;height:31.5pt" width="216">ultra-low attachment 24-well plates</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Costar</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:89pt" width="119">3473</td>
			<td class="xl67">CFU-C assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63" style="height:47.25pt">
			<td class="xl67" height="63" style="height:47.25pt">C57BL/6 CD45.2 mice</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Beijing HFK Bioscience Co. Ltd</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:89pt" width="119"></td>
			<td class="xl67">CFU-S assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63" style="height:47.25pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="63" style="width:162pt;height:47.25pt" width="216">C57BL/6 CD45.1 mice</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Beijing HFK Bioscience Co. Ltd</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:89pt" width="119"></td>
			<td class="xl67">Long-term transplantation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42" style="height:31.5pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="42" style="width:162pt;height:31.5pt" width="216">phosphate buffered saline</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Life Technologines</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:89pt" width="119">8115284</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:125pt" width="167">AGM Collection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="21" style="width:162pt;height:15.75pt" width="216">Penicillin-Streptomycin solution</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">HyClone</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:89pt" width="119">SV30010</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:125pt" width="167">AGM explant culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42" style="height:31.5pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="42" style="width:162pt;height:31.5pt" width="216">anti-CD45.2-PE-CY7</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">eBioscience</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:89pt" width="119">25-0454-80</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:125pt" width="167">Long-term transplantation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42" style="height:31.5pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="42" style="width:162pt;height:31.5pt" width="216">anti-CD45-FITC</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">eBioscience</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:89pt" width="119">11-0451-81</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:125pt" width="167">Long-term transplantation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="105" style="height:78.75pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="105" style="width:162pt;height:78.75pt" width="216">UV lamp</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Beijing jiangmorning yuan bio-technology co., LTD</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:89pt" width="119">039-14402</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:125pt" width="167">power: 30W</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63" style="height:47.25pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="63" style="width:162pt;height:47.25pt" width="216">stainless steel mesh</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">AS ONE SHANGHAI Corporation</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:89pt" width="119">2-9817-10&#160;</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:125pt" width="167">aperture diameter: 2.5 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42" style="height:31.5pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="42" style="width:162pt;height:31.5pt" width="216">hydrocortisone</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Sigma</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:89pt" width="119">H0396</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:125pt" width="167">selectively diluted into M5300 medium</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

application of aorta-gonad-mesonephros explant culture system in developmental hematopoiesis

Begrensning av benytter musen embryo for hematopoiesis studier er ekstra problemer i operasjoner som er intrauterine utvikling av embryoet. Selv om genetiske data fra knockout (KO) mus er overbevisende, er det ikke realistisk å generere KO mus for alle gener etter behov. I tillegg utfører i vivo redning eksperimenter å konsolidere dataene innhentet fra KO mus er ikke praktisk. For å overvinne disse begrensningene, ble Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros (GF) explant kultur utviklet som et passende system å studere blodkreft stem cell (HSC) utvikling. Spesielt for redning eksperimenter, kan den brukes til å gjenopprette den svekket hematopoiesis i KO mus. Legger til de aktuelle kjemikaliene til medium, svekket signalene kan reaktiveres eller opp-regulert trasé kan bli hemmet. Med bruk av denne metoden, mange eksperimenter kan utføres for å identifisere kritiske regulatorer HSC utvikling, inkludert HSC relaterte genuttrykk på mRNA og protein, koloni formasjon evne og rekonstituering kapasitet. Dette rekke eksperimenter vil være nyttig i å definere de underliggende mekanismene som er avgjørende for HSC utvikling i pattedyr.

En fersk publikasjon rapportert endothelial celle-avledet serotonin fremmer overlevelse av HSCs begrenser pro-apoptotisk veien i generalforsamlingen13. For å bekrefte fremme effekten av serotonin på HSC utvikling, ble Fluoxetine. Som en selektive serotonin re-opptak inhibitor (SSRI), har Fluoxetine vist seg for å hemme serotonin re absorpsjon i perifere vev16,17,18. Bru...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Application of Aorta-gonad-mesonephros Explant Culture System in Developmental Hematopoiesis at JoVE.com

Application of Aorta-gonad-mesonephros Explant Culture System in Developmental Hematopoiesis

Denne protokollen beskriver bruker kulturperler Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros for uttrykket analyser, colony-forming enhetene i kultur og milt og langsiktig rekonstituering for å fastslå effekten av regulatoriske forhold og signalnettverk trasé på blodkreft stilk cellen utvikling. Dette har blitt vist som et effektivt system for å studere blodkreft stem cell biology og funksjon.

Anvendelse av Aorta-gonad-mesonephros Explant kultur-systemet i utviklingsmessige Hematopoiesis

The limitation of using mouse embryos for hematopoiesis studies is the added inconvenience in operations, which is largely due to the intrauterine ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

An Optogenetic Approach for Assessing Formation of Neuronal Connections in a Co-culture System

En optogenetic Approach for Assessing Dannelse av nevronkoblinger i en Co-kultur System

Here we describe a protocol to generate a co-culture consisting of 2 different neuronal populations. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are ...

Large-Scale Production of Cardiomyocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Highly Reproducible Small Molecule-Based Differentiation Protocol

Storskala produksjon av cardiomyocytes fra Menneskelig Pluripotent stamceller ved hjelp av en meget reproduserbar lite molekyl-Based Differensiering Protocol

Maximizing the benefit of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) for research, disease modeling, pharmaceutical and clinical applications requires robust ...

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Bruk av RNAi og varme-sjokk-indusert transkripsjon faktor uttrykk å omprogrammere bakterie celler til nerveceller i C. elegans

Studying the cell biological processes during converting the identities of specific cell types provides important insights into mechanism that maintain ...

Efficient Generation of Pancreas/Duodenum Homeobox Protein 1+ Posterior Foregut/Pancreatic Progenitors from hPSCs in Adhesion Cultures

Efficient Generation of Pancreas/Duodenum Homeobox Protein 1+ Posterior Foregut/Pancreatic Progenitors from hPSCs in Adhesion Cultures

Effektiv generasjon av bukspyttkjertelen/tolvfingertarmen Homeobox Protein 1+ bakre Foregut/Pancreatic Progenitors fra hPSCs i vedheft kulturer

Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived pancreatic cells are a promising cell source for regenerative medicine and a platform to study human ...

In Vitro Generation of Somite Derivatives from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

I Vitro generasjon av Somite derivater fra menneske indusert stamceller Pluripotent

In response to signals such as WNTs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and sonic hedgehog (SHH) secreted from surrounding tissues, somites (SMs) give ...

Hemogenic Endothelium Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in A Feeder- and Xeno-free Defined Condition

Hemogenic endotelet differensiering fra Human Pluripotent stamceller i en mater-og Xeno-fri definert tilstand

Deriving functional hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have been an elusive goal for autologous ...

In vitro Neuromuscular Junction Induced from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In vitro neuromuskulært veikryss indusert fra humane induserte pluripotente stamceller

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a specialized synapse that transmits action potentials from the motor neuron to skeletal muscle for mechanical ...

A 3-D Tail Explant Culture to Study Vertebrate Segmentation in Zebrafish

En 3D tail explant kultur for å studere virveldyr segmentering i sebrafisk

Vertebrate embryos pattern their major body axis as repetitive somites, the precursors of vertebrae, muscle, and skin. Somites progressively segment from ...