Name: looking for driver pathways of acquired resistance to targeted therapy: drug resistant subclone generation and sensitivity restoring by gene knock-down
Uploaded: 2017-12-11T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Looking for Driver Pathways of Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapy: Drug Resistant Subclone Generation and Sensitivity Restoring by Gene Knock-down at JoV

著者の原稿を編集のため博士ベロニカ ザノーニを感謝したいです。

注: このプロトコルは、具体的にはトラスツズマブ HER 陽性胃癌細胞株の抵抗性獲得機構の解析に調整されています。必要なすべての実験室の器械は、材料表で報告されます。
1. 対象となる治療に抵抗性サブクローンの世代
注: これは、最も重要かつ異なる細胞を表わすかもしれないない別の感度にターゲットを絞った治療阻害剤独立して...

<ol>
	<li>Gerber, D. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeted+therapies:+a+new+generation+of+cancer+treatments.">Targeted therapies: a new generation of cancer treatments.</a> Am Fam Physician. 77 (3), 311-319 (2008).</li><li>Zhang, J., Yang, P. L., Gray, N. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeting+cancer+with+small+molecule+kinase+inhibitors.">Targeting cancer with small molecule kinase inhibitors.</a> Nat Rev Cancer. 9 (1), 28-39 (2009).</li><li>Nelson, A. L., Dhimolea, E., Reichert, J. 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J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resistance+to+Targeted+Therapies:+Refining+Anticancer+Therapy+in+the+Era+of+Molecular+Oncology.">Resistance to Targeted Therapies: Refining Anticancer Therapy in the Era of Molecular Oncology.</a> Clin Cancer Res. 15 (24), 7471-7478 (2009).</li><li>Asi&#263;, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dominant+mechanisms+of+primary+resistance+differ+from+dominant+mechanisms+of+secondary+resistance+to+targeted+therapies.">Dominant mechanisms of primary resistance differ from dominant mechanisms of secondary resistance to targeted therapies.</a> Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 97, 178-196 (2016).</li><li>Arienti, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preclinical+evidence+of+multiple+mechanisms+underlying+trastuzumab+resistance+in+gastric+cancer.">Preclinical evidence of multiple mechanisms underlying trastuzumab resistance in gastric cancer.</a> Oncotarget. 7 (14), 18424-18439 (2016).</li><li>Tanner, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amplification+of+HER-2+in+gastric+carcinoma:+association+with+Topoisomerase+IIalpha+gene+amplification,+intestinal+type,+poor+prognosis+and+sensitivity+to+trastuzumab.">Amplification of HER-2 in gastric carcinoma: association with Topoisomerase IIalpha gene amplification, intestinal type, poor prognosis and sensitivity to trastuzumab.</a> Ann Oncol. 16 (2), 273-278 (2005).</li><li>Bang, Y. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trastuzumab+in+combination+with+chemotherapy+versus+chemotherapy+alone+for+treatment+of+HER2-positive+advanced+gastric+or+gastro-oesophageal+junction+cancer+(ToGA):+a+phase+3,+open-label,+randomised+controlled+trial.">Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (ToGA): a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial.</a> Lancet. 376 (9742), 687-697 (2010).</li><li>Shimoyama, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Unraveling+trastuzumab+and+lapatinib+inefficiency+in+gastric+cancer:+Future+steps+(Review).">Unraveling trastuzumab and lapatinib inefficiency in gastric cancer: Future steps (Review).</a> Mol Clin Oncol. 2 (2), 175-181 (2014).</li><li>Kelly, C. M., Janjigian, Y. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+genomics+and+therapeutics+of+HER2-positive+gastric+cancer-from+trastuzumab+and+beyond.">The genomics and therapeutics of HER2-positive gastric cancer-from trastuzumab and beyond.</a> J Gastrointest Oncol. 7 (5), 750-762 (2016).</li><li>Wong, S. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genomic+landscape+and+genetic+heterogeneity+in+gastric+adenocarcinoma+revealed+by+whole-genome+sequencing.">Genomic landscape and genetic heterogeneity in gastric adenocarcinoma revealed by whole-genome sequencing.</a> Nat Commun. 5, 5477 (2014).</li><li>Oshima, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lapatinib+sensitivities+of+two+novel+trastuzumab-resistant+HER2+gene-amplified+gastric+cancer+cell+lines.">Lapatinib sensitivities of two novel trastuzumab-resistant HER2 gene-amplified gastric cancer cell lines.</a> Gastric Cancer. 17 (3), 450-462 (2014).</li><li>Pignatta, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prolonged+exposure+to+(R)-bicalutamide+generates+a+LNCaP+subclone+with+alteration+of+mitochondrial+genome.">Prolonged exposure to (R)-bicalutamide generates a LNCaP subclone with alteration of mitochondrial genome.</a> Mol Cell Endocrinol. 382 (1), 314-324 (2014).</li></ol>

パーソナライズし、対象と治療法は、成長している熱意を誘発しているが、これらのいわゆる 'スマート' 療法として従来の化学療法薬、すなわち、薬物抵抗性の急速かつ予測不可能な獲得同じ主要なハードルに直面します。標的療法の結果を改善するためにそれらを引き起こすメカニズムの理解を通じて薬剤耐性問題を解決されなければなりません。ここでは、私たちは癌細胞ライン...

分子細胞生物学の重要な発見をフォロー アップして、新規に合成された抗がん剤の分子の数は、選択的に腫瘍のタイプの広い配列で発癌性シグナル伝達経路をターゲットに開発されています。特に、腫瘍のユニークなプロパティを持つ対象の治療薬の 2 つのカテゴリ、すなわち合成化合物、遺伝子組換え抗体の臨床成功とで劇的に変化した癌治療を達成しているが知られています。ここ数十年1,2,3。
それにもかかわらず、その印象的な初期応答にもかかわらず治療に、癌患者の大半はすべての標的治療薬、モノクローナル抗体とキナーゼ阻害剤への薬剤耐性を開発しました。結果として、薬剤耐性、古典的な抗がん薬4の主要なハードルはまだ新たな標的治療5,6にとって大きな挑戦であります。
標的治療への抵抗は本質的なものがあります (つまり、プライマリ) または (すなわち、セカンダリ) 取得します。本質的な抵抗では、薬物治療7への応答の期間後に発生する二次抵抗に対しの療法への応答のde novoの欠如について説明します。後者は原始的な腫瘍の大部分の内で腫瘍細胞の小さなコホートの発生によって引き起こされるまたは遠位の不可解な解剖学的ニッチに囲まれた、90% までを展示抵抗 1 つまたは複数のターゲット治療薬。主に目標とされた療法に抵抗性の発現の基礎となる分子機構に起因ターゲット遺伝子変異とその理解はまだはるかに完全な8その他生存シグナル伝達経路の冗長活性化。
この作品は、体外サイレンシングの説明への薬剤耐性細胞のサブクローンの世代から始まって、ターゲット治療薬抵抗性獲得のメカニズムを調査するため時間と費用有効方法を提案阻害剤のテストと作業仮説を検証するために使用する重要なツールに感度を復元するために使用する手順。特に、我々 のアプローチは、胃癌トラスツズマブ (例えばハーセプチン)、HER2 タンパク質9の細胞外ドメインを対象とするヒト化モノクローナル抗体に抵抗機構の調査に使用されました。化学療法 + トラスツズマブは HER2 陽性転移性乳癌に対する標準のファーストライン治療として広く受け入れられます。治療が両方生体外で有意な活性を持つその抗 HER2 を示す最近の臨床研究のおかげで、生体内でHER2 陽性胃癌モデル10,11分子薬 HER2 をターゲットにされています。広範囲の臨床試験で検討した、いくつかはまだ進行中、胃食道がん12,13,14,15症例。
これらの研究は、トラスツズマブに16、他の標的治療阻害剤の観察されるものと同様に抵抗を発生している患者数は上昇を強調しています。特に、トラスツズマブの応答率は 47% で、トラスツズマブ + 化学療法を受けている患者の全生存中央値はわずか 2.7 ヶ月化学療法単独で17の患者よりも長くなります。これは、プライマリ トラスツズマブ抵抗は普及しているが、セカンダリのトラスツズマブ抵抗は避けられない示唆されました。このため、緊急にこの腫瘍18内腫瘍の遺伝の不均質を与えさらに問題は、胃癌 HER2 標的治療抵抗性の原因とメカニズムを解明する必要があります。
さらに、胃癌トラスツズマブへの抵抗のメカニズムはこの状態の信頼性の高い前臨床モデル代表の取得の難しさのため、部分的に説明するは困難証明しました。大島らは、トラスツズマブ19治療後小さな残留腹膜転移の繰り返された文化から成るトラスツズマブ抵抗性胃癌細胞株の生体内での選択法を報告しました。ただし、筐体の特定動物取り扱い専門、動物倫理委員会の承認の必要性は、時間とコストのかかるメソッドにすることに貢献しました。この作品で述べる方法は簡単で、広く適用できると異なる腫瘍 histotypes20の他の治療薬に抵抗性のメカニズム解明のために簡単に拡張可能性があります。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Trizol Reagent</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15596026</td>
			<td>TRIzol Reagent is a reagent for isolating high-quality total RNA or simultaneously isolating RNA, DNA, and protein from a variety of biological samples</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ISCRIPT CDNA SYNTHESIS KIT</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1708891</td>
			<td>The iScript cDNA synthesis kit is a sensitive and easy-to-use first-strand cDNA synthesis kit for gene expression analysis using real-time qPCR.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TaqMan gene expression assay</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>4331182</td>
			<td>Applied Biosystems TaqMan Gene Expression Assays consist of a pair of unlabeled PCR primers and a TaqMan probe with an Applied Biosystems FAM or VIC dye label on the 5&#8217; end and minor groove binder (MGB) and nonfluorescent quencher (NFQ) on the 3&#8217; end.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>M-PER Mammalian Protein Extraction Reagent</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>78501</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific M-PER Mammalian Protein Extraction Reagent is designed to provide highly efficient total soluble protein extraction from cultured mammalian cells.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Halt Protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (100X)</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>78440</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific Halt Protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (100X) provides the convenience of a single solution with full protein sample protection for cell and tissue lysates.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>23225</td>
			<td>The Thermo Scientific Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit is a two-component, high-precision, detergent-compatible assay reagent set to measure (A562nm) total protein concentration compared to a protein standard.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4x Laemmli Sample Buffer</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1610747</td>
			<td>Use 4x Laemmli Sample Buffer for preparation of samples for SDS PAGE. For reduction of samples, add a reducing agent such as 2-mercaptoethanol to the buffer prior to mixing with the sample.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4&#8211;20% Mini-PROTEAN TGX Precast Protein Gels</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>456-1094</td>
			<td>Long-life TGX (Tris-Glycine eXtended) Gels have a novel formulation and can be used for both standard denaturing protein separations as well as native electrophoresis.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Precision Plus Protein WesternC Blotting Standards</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1610376</td>
			<td>Precision Plus Protein Prestained Standards are available in Dual Color, All Blue, Kaleidoscope, and Dual Xtra formats. All four have the same gel migration patterns, with 3 high-intensity reference bands (25, 50, and 75 kD).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10x Tris/Glycine/SDS</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1610732</td>
			<td>10x Tris/glycine/SDS is a premixed running buffer for separating protein samples by SDS-PAGE.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trans-Blot Turbo Mini PVDF Transfer Packs</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1704156</td>
			<td>Trans-Blot Turbo Mini PVDF Transfer Packs for fast, efficient transfer of proteins from mini gels using the Trans-Blot Turbo Transfer System. Each vacuum sealed, ready-to-use transfer pack contains two buffer-saturated ion reservoir stacks and a prewetted PVDF membrane.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Precision Protein StrepTactin-HRP Conjugate</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1610381</td>
			<td>StrepTactin-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) Conjugate for chemiluminescent or colorimetric detection of Precision Plus Protein Unstained Protein Standards or Precision Plus Protein WesternC Protein Standards on western blots.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Immun-Star WesternC solution</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>5572</td>
			<td>Immun-Star WesternC solution, a method of protein detection , detects mid-femtogram amounts of protein.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Universal Negative Control</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>12935300</td>
			<td>Negative Control siRNA has no significant sequence similarity to mouse, rat, or human gene sequences. The control has also been tested in cell-based screens and proven to have no significant effect on cell proliferation, viability, or morphology.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>opti-MEM Glutamax Medium</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>51985026</td>
			<td>Opti-MEM Medium is an improved Minimal Essential Medium (MEM) that allows for a reduction of Fetal Bovine Serum supplementation by at least 50% with no change in growth rate or morphology.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silencer Select Pre-Designed &#38; Validated siRNA</td>
			<td>Ambion</td>
			<td>4390824</td>
			<td>RNA interference (RNAi) is the best way to effectively knock down gene expression to study protein function in a wide range of cell types.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>13778075</td>
			<td>Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent offers an advanced, efficient solution for siRNA delivery. No other siRNA specific transfection reagent provides such easy and efficient siRNA delivery in a wide variety of cell lines including common cell types, stem cells and primary cells, as well as traditionally hard-to-transfect cell types.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse anti-IQGAP1</td>
			<td>Invitrigen</td>
			<td>33-8900</td>
			<td>working concentration: 1:400 in 5% milk solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>goat anti-mouse IgG-HRP: sc-2005</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>sc-2005</td>
			<td>working concentration: 1:10000 in 5% milk solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PMSF</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P 7626</td>
			<td>this is an inhibitor of serine proteases and acetylcholinesterase</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermocycler for RT-PCR</td>
			<td>MJ Research</td>
			<td>MJ Research PTC-200 Thermal Cycler</td>
			<td>it allows temperature homogeneity and a ramping speed of up to 3&#176;C/sec. The protocol can be performed also with other thermalcyclers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Real Time RT-PCR instrument</td>
			<td>Applied Biosystems</td>
			<td>7500 RT-PCR system</td>
			<td>This is a five-color platform that uses fluorescence-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reagents to provide a relative quantification using comparative CT assay type. The protocol can be performed also with other thermalcyclers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microvolume Spectrophotometers</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>Nanodrop</td>
			<td>It provides an accurate and fast acid nucleid measurement using little volume of sample</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blotting system</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>Trans-Blot Turbo system</td>
			<td>It perfoms a semy-dry transfer in a few minutes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Image acquisition system and gel documentation</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>Chemidoc image system</td>
			<td>It is easy to use for chemiluminescent detection</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

looking for driver pathways of acquired resistance to targeted therapy: drug resistant subclone generation and sensitivity restoring by gene knock-down

過去 20 年間には、細胞毒性薬から医療がんの標的治療へのシフトを見てきました。標的治療薬より印象的な臨床効果と従来の治療法よりも最小化された副作用に示されてが、薬剤耐性の利点の主な制限となっています。臨地実習における標的薬抵抗性のいくつかの/体外・体内の前臨床モデルは、主に 2 つの戦略を使用して開発されている: 獲得抵抗性とii) の in vitro 遺伝子型をモデル化するための i) 遺伝子操作/生体内の抵抗性モデルの選択。本研究では薬剤耐性細胞のサブクローンの世代からの説明から始まって、ターゲット治療薬抵抗性獲得に責任があるメカニズムを調査するため統一的枠組を提案します。阻害剤に感度を復元するために使用するプロシージャを黙らせます。この単純な時間と費用の有効アプローチは広く適用できる、異なる腫瘍 histotypes の他のターゲット治療薬に抵抗性の機構を調査するために簡単に拡張できます。

図 1では、実験の手順のフレームワークについて説明します。HER2 とトラスツズマブ感受性の高レベルを表現する 3 胃癌細胞株 (IC50 < 薬物、図 2 a、左のグラフのピーク血漿中濃度) ターゲットを絞った治療剤を含む培養液中で育った。用量には、トラスツズマブ (10 μ G/ml) のピーク血漿中濃度は開始用量として設定?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Looking for Driver Pathways of Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapy: Drug Resistant Subclone Generation and Sensitivity Restoring by Gene Knock-down at JoV

Looking for Driver Pathways of Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapy: Drug Resistant Subclone Generation and Sensitivity Restoring by Gene Knock-down

これは癌管理の非常に満たされていない医療ニーズである標的治療薬抵抗性獲得のメカニズムを調査時間および費用効果の in vitroプロトコルです。

標的治療への抵抗を取得ドライバーの経路を探して: 薬剤耐性 Subclone 世代と感受性遺伝子ノックダウンによる復元

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Using RNA-sequencing to Detect Novel Splice Variants Related to Drug Resistance in In Vitro Cancer Models

Using RNA-sequencing to Detect Novel Splice Variants Related to Drug Resistance in In Vitro Cancer Models

に薬剤耐性に関連する新規スプライス変異体を検出するために、RNA配列決定を使用して、<em&gt;インビトロ</em&gt;がんモデル

Drug resistance remains a major problem in the treatment of cancer for both hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Intrinsic or acquired resistance ...

Anticancer Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy with Lung Cancer-Targeted Nanoparticles

肺癌標的化ナノ粒子と光線力学療法の抗がん効能

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive and non-surgical method representing an attractive alternative choice for lung cancer treatment. ...

Generation of Prostate Cancer Cell Models of Resistance to the Anti-mitotic Agent Docetaxel

抗有糸分裂エージェント ドセタキセルに対する抵抗性の前立腺癌細胞モデルの生成

Microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) are a mainstay in the treatment of a wide range of tumors. However, acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is a ...

Generation of High-Throughput Three-Dimensional Tumor Spheroids for Drug Screening

創薬スクリーニングの高スループット三次元腫瘍回転楕円体の生成

Cancer cells have routinely been cultured in two dimensions (2D) on a plastic surface. This technique, however, lacks the true environment a tumor mass is ...

Assessment of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by an Interrogation of Signal Transduction Pathways by Antibody Arrays

抗体のアレイによるシグナル伝達経路の尋問でチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤に対する抵抗性の評価

Cancer patients with an aberrant regulation of the protein phosphorylation networks are often treated with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Response rates ...

Oncogenic Gene Fusion Detection Using Anchored Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Followed by Next Generation Sequencing

アンカー多重ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応を用いた腫瘍性遺伝子融合検出、次世代シーケンシング

Gene fusions frequently contribute to the oncogenic phenotype of many different types of cancer. Additionally, the presence of certain fusions in samples ...

Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for the Generation of Tumor Antigen-specific T Cells

腫瘍抗原特異的T細胞の生成にヒト誘導多能性幹細胞を用いた

The generation and expansion of functional T cells in vitro can lead to a broad range of clinical applications. One such use is for the treatment of ...

A Murine Ommaya Xenograft Model to Study Direct-Targeted Therapy of Leptomeningeal Disease

レプトメニンゲレス病の直接標的療法を研究するマウス・オンマヤ異種移植片モデル

Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is an uncommon type of central nervous system (CNS) metastasis to the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). The most common cancers ...

Patient-Derived Tumor Explants As a "Live" Preclinical Platform for Predicting Drug Resistance in Patients

患者の薬剤耐性を予測するための「生きた」前臨床プラットフォームとしての患者由来腫瘍エクスプラント

An understanding of drug resistance and the development of novel strategies to sensitize highly resistant cancers rely on the availability of suitable ...

Spatial Profiling of Protein and RNA Expression in Tissue: An Approach to Fine-Tune Virtual Microdissection

組織におけるタンパク質およびRNA発現の空間プロファイリング:仮想マイクロダイセクションの微調整へのアプローチ

Multiplexing enables the assessment of several markers on the same tissue while providing spatial context. Spatial Omics technologies allow both protein ...