Name: pet and mri guided irradiation of a glioblastoma rat model using a micro-irradiator
Uploaded: 2017-12-28T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about PET and MRI Guided Irradiation of a Glioblastoma Rat Model Using a Micro-irradiator at JoVE.com

作者想感谢 Stichting Hemelaere 和职业妇女福利互助会国际协会支持这项工作。

这项研究由动物实验伦理学委员会 (09/23 和幼儿发展 12/28) 批准。所有商业细节都可以在材料表中找到。
1. F98 GB 鼠细胞模型
<ol>
	<li>培养 F98 GB 细胞, 从 ATCC 获得, 在单分子膜中使用 Dulbecco 氏改良的鹰培养基, 10% 小牛血清, 1% 青霉素, 1% 链霉素, 1% l-谷氨酰胺, 和0.1% 两性霉素 b, 并在 co2孵化器 (5% co2和37° c) 中放置。</li>
	<li>在雌性 Fischer F344 鼠脑中接...

<ol>
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M., Verhaegen, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Small+animal+image-guided+radiotherapy:+Status,+considerations+and+potential+for+translational+impact.">Small animal image-guided radiotherapy: Status, considerations and potential for translational impact.</a> Br J Radiol. 88 (1045), 4-6 (2015).</li><li>Aird, E. G. A., Conway, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CT+simulation+for+radiotherapy+treatment+planning.">CT simulation for radiotherapy treatment planning.</a> Br J Radiol. 75 (900), 937-949 (2002).</li><li>Baker, G. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Localization:+Conventional+and+CT+simulation.">Localization: Conventional and CT simulation.</a> Br J Radiol. 79 (Spec No 1). , S36-S49 (2006).</li><li>Corroyer-Dumont, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MRI-guided+radiotherapy+of+the+SK-N-SH+neuroblastoma+xenograft+model+using+a+small+animal+radiation+research+platform.">MRI-guided radiotherapy of the SK-N-SH neuroblastoma xenograft model using a small animal radiation research platform.</a> Br J Radiol. 90 (1069), 20160427 (2017).</li><li>Bolcaen, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MRI-guided+3D+conformal+arc+micro-irradiation+of+a+F98+glioblastoma+rat+model+using+the+Small+Animal+Radiation+Research+Platform+(SARRP).">MRI-guided 3D conformal arc micro-irradiation of a F98 glioblastoma rat model using the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP).</a> J Neurooncol. 120 (2), 257-266 (2014).</li><li>Niyazi, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=FET-PET+for+malignant+glioma+treatment+planning.">FET-PET for malignant glioma treatment planning.</a> Radiother Oncol. 99 (1), 44-48 (2011).</li><li>Grosu, A. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=First+experience+with+I-123-alpha-methyl-tyrosine+SPECT+in+the+3-D+radiation+treatment+planning+of+brain+gliomas.">First experience with I-123-alpha-methyl-tyrosine SPECT in the 3-D radiation treatment planning of brain gliomas.</a> Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 47 (2), 517-526 (2000).</li><li>Ling, C. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Towards+multidimensional+radiotherapy+(MD-CRT):biological+imaging+and+biological+conformality.">Towards multidimensional radiotherapy (MD-CRT):biological imaging and biological conformality.</a> Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 47 (3), 551-560 (2000).</li><li>Wahl, R. L., Jacene, H., Kasamon, Y., Lodge, M. 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L., Weber, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PET+for+radiation+treatment+planning+of+brain+tumours.">PET for radiation treatment planning of brain tumours.</a> Radiother Oncol. 96 (3), 325-327 (2010).</li><li>Banissi, C., Ghiringhelli, F., Chen, L., Carpentier, A. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treg+depletion+with+a+low-dose+metronomic+temozolomide+regimen+in+a+rat+glioma+model.">Treg depletion with a low-dose metronomic temozolomide regimen in a rat glioma model.</a> Cancer Immunol Immunother. 58, 1627-1634 (2009).</li><li>Robinson, C. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+alternative+temozolomide+schedules+on+glioblastoma+O(6)-methylguanine-DNA+methyltransferase+activity+and+survival.">Effect of alternative temozolomide schedules on glioblastoma O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity and survival.</a> Br J Cancer. 103, 498-504 (2010).</li><li>Espa&#241;a, S., Marcinkowski, R., Keereman, V., Vandenberghe, S., Van Holen, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DigiPET:+sub-millimeter+spatial+resolution+small-animal+PET+imaging+using+thin+monolithic+scintillators.">DigiPET: sub-millimeter spatial resolution small-animal PET imaging using thin monolithic scintillators.</a> Phys Med Biol. 59 (13), 3405 (2014).</li></ol>

为实现对大鼠脑胶质瘤靶向的精确照射, 微器的 on-board CT 引导是不够的。脑肿瘤是很难看到的, 由于缺乏足够的软组织对比, 即使使用对比增强。因此, 需要包括 MRI 来允许更精确的照射。利用 7 T 系统的序贯 MR 采集和微器的 ct 采集, 我们能够将剂量靶向脑内增强的肿瘤组织, 并利用规划 ct 计算剂量计划。这是可行的后, 图像融合和剂量计算使用 PCTPS17。然而, 应该牢记的是, MRI 容?...

高级别胶质瘤是最常见和最积极的恶性脑肿瘤在成人中中位数生存1年, 尽管目前的治疗方式。护理标准包括最大的手术切除, 其次是联合外照射治疗 (RT) 和莫 (八卦), 其次是维护八卦1,2,3。自从15年前引入了 "八卦" 以来, 在治疗这些肿瘤方面没有取得明显的进展。因此, 实施新的治疗策略是迫切的, 但应该首先在小动物肿瘤治疗模型 (主要是老鼠和老鼠) 中进行研究。含肿瘤的啮齿动物模型可以用来调查新的和复杂的辐射协议的功效, 可能与其他 (新的) 治疗剂结合, 以评估辐射反应或调查无线电保护剂。临床前辐射研究的一个主要优势是能够在受控实验条件下使用大的群体, 由于啮齿类动物的寿命较短而导致数据产量加快。临床前的发现应该被翻译成一个比当前实践中更快、更有效的方法4。
在过去的几十年中, 小动物辐射实验通常是通过固定辐射源实现的5,6,7,如, 137Cs 和60Co, 同位素, 或线性用于人类临床用途的加速器, 适用于单辐射场与 MV X 射线6,8,9,10,11。但是, 这些设备无法达到毫米精度, 这是小动物所需的12。此外, MV X 射线具有不适合辐照小目标的特性, 例如在光束入口区域的 air-tissue 界面上的剂量积聚, 以动物大小本身的顺序4,6 ,8,9,10,11。后者使它相当具有挑战性, 提供一个统一的剂量, 以肿瘤, 而保留周围的正常脑组织4,8,9,10,11。因此, 目前尚不清楚当前的动物研究在何种程度上仍然适用于现代 RT 实践12。在这方面, 最近开发的三维 (3D) 保形小动物微辐照有望弥合先进的3D 图像制导 RT 技术之间的技术差距, 如强度调制辐射疗法 (放射) 或用于人和当前小动物辐照的共形弧形4,13。这些平台利用千伏 (kV) X 射线源获得尖锐的 penumbras, 并避免剂量积聚。这些平台包括一个计算机控制的动物定位阶段, 一个用于成像和辐射处理的 kV X 射线源, 一个旋转龙门组件, 允许从不同角度进行辐射传递, 以及一个准直系统来形成辐射光束4. 2011年, 在根特大学的临床前成像实验室安装了微器 (图 1)。该系统类似于现代的人类放疗实践, 并使广泛的临床前实验, 如辐射与其他疗法的协同作用, 复杂的辐射方案, 和图像引导 sub-target 促进研究。
这些微辐照的治疗计划是基于 CT, 它相当于人类规划系统14,15。对于 CT 成像, on-board x 射线检测器与治疗期间使用的同一个 kV x 射线管相结合。CT 成像是使用, 因为它允许准确的动物定位, 并提供必要的信息, 个人辐射剂量计算通过分割。然而, 由于 CT 成像的软组织对比度较低, 小动物的脑部肿瘤, 如高等级胶质瘤, 不能轻易被描述。因此, 为了精确的目标体积划分, 多成像是必要的。与 CT 相比, MRI 提供了极大的软组织对比。这使得更容易可视化病变边界, 这将导致更好地划定目标体积, 有助于更好地照射病灶和避免周围组织, 如 图 24所示, 16。另外一个优点是 MRI 使用电离辐射, 与使用电离辐射的 CT 不同。MRI 的主要缺点是相对较长的采集时间和较高的操作成本。重要的是要注意, MRI 扫描不能用于剂量计算, 因为他们没有提供所需的电子密度信息, 虽然在这方面正在取得进展, 也随着最近的发展加速器先生。因此, 联合 CT/MRI 数据集是规划恶性胶质瘤照射的选择方法, 同时包含靶向 (MRI-based 体积) 和剂量计算 (ct 电子密度) 所需的信息。
为了减少小动物照射与临床常规的差距, mri 显然需要与微器的工作流程相结合, 需要在 mri 与 CT 之间进行正确的定位, 而这远非微不足道。本文讨论了 F98 脑胶质瘤的 MRI 引导3D 适形照射的方案, 该方法已在最近的17中发表。
虽然在微器的工作流程中纳入 CT 和 MRI 是小动物照射研究的一个明显的进步, 但这些解剖成像技术并不总是允许对目标体积进行完整的定义。CT 和 MRI 对脑组织的病理改变表现为增加含水量 (水肿) 和血脑屏障渗漏或造影增强。然而, 对比增强和超强区域的 T2-weighted MRI 并不总是准确的测量肿瘤程度。肿瘤细胞的检测远远超出了对比增强12的边缘。此外, 这些技术都不能识别肿瘤中最具侵袭性的部分, 这可能是治疗性抵抗和肿瘤复发的原因。因此, 从像 PET 这样的分子成像技术中获得的额外信息可能会增加 RT 目标体积定义的值, 因为这些技术能够使生物通路在体内12、18中可视化, 19。
在 2000年, 凌et al.引入了生物靶体积 (电视台) 的概念, 将解剖和功能成像集成到放疗工作流中, 导致他们所说的多维适形放疗20。这就创造了一种可能性, 通过给目标区域提供一个非均匀剂量的 PET 图像来改善剂量靶向。最广泛使用的肿瘤分期 PET 示踪和监测治疗反应是 fluor-18 (18F) 标记葡萄糖 (葡萄糖), 这可视化为葡萄糖代谢21。在头颈部癌, 以前的研究表明, 使用18f-葡萄糖 PET 导致更好的估计实际肿瘤体积, 由病理标本, 与 CT 和 MRI 相比,22。在原发性脑肿瘤, 葡萄糖是不有用的, 由于非常强烈的背景信号, 从正常的大脑, 氨基酸, 如11c-蛋氨酸和最近的18F-fluoroetthyltyrosine (FET), 已被调查的 GTV在氨基酸 PET 和 MRI-based GTVs 之间经常标记的区别的分界23。然而, 目前还没有对这一发现的意义进行调查的前瞻性试验。在本研究中, 我们选择了氨基酸示踪剂18f-FET 和缺氧示踪剂18f-fluoroazomycin-苷 (18f-扎)。18选择 f-FET 和18f-扎, 因为增加的氨基酸摄取量与 GB 肿瘤的增殖率密切相关, 而缺氧 PET 示踪剂的摄取与抗 (化疗) 放疗相关,18,23. 通过对小鼠 F98 GB 肿瘤的 PET 定义部分给予额外的辐射剂量, 优化了微器的亚容积升压。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>GB RAT model</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>F98 Glioblastoma cell line</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>CRL-2397</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fischer F344/Ico crl Rats</td>
			<td>Charles River</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>http://www.criver.com/products-services/basic-research/find-a-model/fischer-344-rat</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micropump system</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>UMP3</td>
			<td>Micro 4: https://www.wpiinc.com/products/top-products/make-selection-ump3-ultramicropump/#tabs-1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereotactic frame</td>
			<td>Kopf</td>
			<td>902</td>
			<td>Model 902 Dual Small Animal Stereotaxic frame</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>diamant drill</td>
			<td>Velleman</td>
			<td>VTHD02</td>
			<td>https://www.velleman.eu/products/view/?id=370450</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bone wax</td>
			<td>Aesculap</td>
			<td>1029754</td>
			<td>https://www.aesculapusa.com/products/wound-closure/hemostatic-bone-wax</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin syringe Microfine</td>
			<td>Beckton-Dickinson</td>
			<td>320924</td>
			<td>1 mL, 29G</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>InfraPhil IR lamp</td>
			<td>Philips</td>
			<td>HP3616/01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethilon</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>662G/662H</td>
			<td>FS-2, 4-0, 3/8, 19 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell culture</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>14040-091</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicilline-streptomycine</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15140-148</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutamine</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>25030-032</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fungizone</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15290-018</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin-EDTA</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>25300-062</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>14040-224</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Falcons</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>178883</td>
			<td>175 cm2 nunclon surface, disposables for cell culture with filter caps</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell freezing medium</td>
			<td>Sigma-aldrich</td>
			<td>C6164</td>
			<td>Cell Freezing Medium-DMSO, sterile-filtered, suitable for cell culture, endotoxin tested</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Animal irradiation</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro-irradiator</td>
			<td>X-strahl</td>
			<td>SARRP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>software for irradiation</td>
			<td>X-strahl</td>
			<td>MuriPlan</td>
			<td>pre-clinical treatment planning system (PCTPS), version 2.0.5.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small animal PET</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>microPET system possibility 1</td>
			<td>Molecubes</td>
			<td>B-Cube</td>
			<td>http://www.molecubes.com/b-cube/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>microPET system possibility 2</td>
			<td>TriFoil Imaging, Northridge CA</td>
			<td>FLEX Triumph II</td>
			<td>http://www.trifoilimaging.com</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PET tracers</td>
			<td>In-house made</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>18F-FDG, 18F-FET, 18F-FAZA, 18F-Choline</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small animal MRI</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>microMRI system</td>
			<td>Bruker Biospin</td>
			<td>Pharmascan 70/16</td>
			<td>https://www.bruker.com/products/mr/preclinical-mri/pharmascan/overview.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dotarem contrast agent</td>
			<td>Guerbet</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>MRI contrast agent, Dotarem 0,5 mmol/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>rat whole body transmitter coil</td>
			<td>Rapid Biomedical</td>
			<td>V-HLS-070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>rat brain surface coil</td>
			<td>Rapid Biomedical</td>
			<td>P-H02LE-070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water-based heating unit</td>
			<td>Bruker Biospin</td>
			<td>MT0125</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>30 G Needle for IV injection</td>
			<td>Beckton-Dickinson</td>
			<td>305128</td>
			<td>30 G</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PE 10 tubing (60 cm/injection)</td>
			<td>Instech laboratories, Inc</td>
			<td>BTPE-10</td>
			<td>BTPE-10, polyethylene tubing 0.011 x .024 in (0.28 x 60 mm), non sterile, 30 m (98 ft) spool, Instech laboratories, Inc Plymouth meeting PA USA- (800) 443-4227- http://www.instechlabs.com</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>non-heparinised micro haematocrit capillaries</td>
			<td>GMBH</td>
			<td>7493 21</td>
			<td>these capillaries are filled with water to create markers visible on MRI and CT</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Consumables</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>isoflurane: Isoflo</td>
			<td>Zoetis</td>
			<td>B506</td>
			<td>Anaesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ketamine: Ketamidor</td>
			<td>Ecuphar</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Anaesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>xylazine: Sedaxyl</td>
			<td>Codifar NV</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Anaesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>catheter</td>
			<td>Terumo</td>
			<td>Versatus-W</td>
			<td>26G</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Temozolomide</td>
			<td>Sigma-aldrich</td>
			<td>T2577-100MG</td>
			<td>chemotherapy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMSO</td>
			<td>Sigma-aldrich</td>
			<td>276855-100ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin syringe Microfine</td>
			<td>Beckton-Dickinson</td>
			<td>320924</td>
			<td>1 mL, 29G</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Image analysis</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PMOD software</td>
			<td>PMOD technologies LLC</td>
			<td>PFUS (fusion tool)</td>
			<td>biomedical image quantification software (BIQS), version 3.405, https://www.pmod.com/web/?portfolio=22-image-processing-pfus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anesthesia-equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anesthetic movabe unit</td>
			<td>ASA LTD</td>
			<td>ASA 0039</td>
			<td>ASA LTD, 5 valley road, Keighley, BD21 4LZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oxygen generator</td>
			<td>Veterinary technics Int.</td>
			<td>7F-3</td>
			<td>BDO-Medipass, Ijmuiden</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

pet and mri guided irradiation of a glioblastoma rat model using a micro-irradiator

几十年来, 小动物的辐射研究大多是使用相当粗糙的实验设置, 应用简单的单技术, 而没有能力针对特定或界定肿瘤体积。辐射的交付使用固定的辐射源或线性加速器生产 megavoltage (MV) x-射线。这些设备无法达到小动物所需的毫米精度。此外, 高剂量传递到健康的周围组织阻碍反应评估。为了增加小动物研究和人类之间的翻译, 我们的目标是模仿在老鼠模型中对人脑胶质瘤的治疗。为了在临床前设置更精确的照射, 最近开发了精确的图像引导小动物辐射研究平台。类似于人类规划系统, 这些微辐照的治疗计划是基于计算机断层扫描 (CT)。然而, 低软组织对比 CT, 使它非常具有挑战性的定位目标在某些组织, 如大脑。因此, 与 CT 相比, 磁共振成像 (MRI) 具有优异的软组织对比度, 能够更精确地描述靶点的照射。在过去的十年中, 生物成像技术, 如正电子发射断层扫描 (PET) 获得了辐射治疗治疗指导的兴趣。PET 使如, 葡萄糖消耗, 氨基酸运输, 或缺氧, 目前在肿瘤的可视化。以更高的剂量靶向肿瘤的高度增殖或耐药部位, 可以获得生存的好处。这个假说导致了生物肿瘤容量 (电视台) 的介绍, 除常规总目标容量 (GTV)、临床目标容量 (中视) 和计划的目标容量 (PTV) 之外。
在根特大学的前临床影像实验室, 有一个微型器, 一个小动物宠物, 和一个 7 T 小动物的 MRI 是可用的。其目的是将 MRI 引导的照射和 PET 引导子在胶质瘤大鼠模型中的增强。

为了模拟在临床前模型中对胶质母细胞瘤照射的人类治疗方法, 必须纳入 MRI 引导放射治疗。使用 PCTPS 和微器界面, 我们能够在 T1-weighted MRI17上用多形 non-coplanar 弧照射大鼠 F98 胶质母细胞瘤。将刚体变换与多床结合, 用于 MRI 与规划 CT 的图像配准。在 T1-weighted MRI (图 7) 中, 在造影增强肿瘤区的中心选择了等照射。
<p class="jove_content...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about PET and MRI Guided Irradiation of a Glioblastoma Rat Model Using a Micro-irradiator at JoVE.com

PET and MRI Guided Irradiation of a Glioblastoma Rat Model Using a Micro-irradiator

PET 与 MRI 引导下微器对大鼠胶质瘤模型的照射

在过去, 小动物照射通常是没有能力靶界定肿瘤体积。其目的是模仿大鼠的人脑胶质瘤的治疗。使用小动物辐照平台, 我们进行了 MRI 引导3D 共形照射与 PET-based 子促进在临床前设置。

For decades, small animal radiation research was mostly performed using fairly crude experimental setups applying simple single-beam techniques without ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer

支气管内超声引导下顺铂瘤内注射对肺癌纵隔孤立复发的治疗

Isolated hilar and mediastinal recurrence (IMHR) following external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in patients with lung cancer is common. These patients ...

科研

癌症研究

A Mouse Model of Fatigue Induced by Peripheral Irradiation

疲劳的小鼠模型的外围照射引起

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a distressing and costly condition that often affects patients receiving cancer treatments, including radiation therapy. ...

Whole-body PET/MRI of Pediatric Patients: The Details That Matter

儿科患者全身 PET/MRI: 物质的细节

Integrated PET/MRI is a hybrid imaging technique enabling clinicians to acquire diagnostic images for tumor assessment and treatment monitoring with both ...

Fluorescence Molecular Tomography for In Vivo Imaging of Glioblastoma Xenografts

Fluorescence Molecular Tomography for In Vivo Imaging of Glioblastoma Xenografts

胶质瘤移植中体内成像的荧光分子层析成像研究

Tumorigenicity is the capability of cancer cells to form a tumor mass. A widely used approach to determine if the cells are tumorigenic is by injecting ...

Utilization of Ultrasound Guided Tissue-directed Cellular Implantation for the Establishment of Biologically Relevant Metastatic Tumor Xenografts

超声引导组织定向细胞植入术在生物学相关转移性肿瘤移植中的应用

Preclinical testing of anticancer therapies relies on relevant xenograft models that mimic the innate tendencies of cancer. Advantages of standard ...

A Practical Guide for the Production and PET/CT Imaging of 68Ga-DOTATATE for Neuroendocrine Tumors in Daily Clinical Practice

A Practical Guide for the Production and PET/CT Imaging of 68Ga-DOTATATE for Neuroendocrine Tumors in Daily Clinical Practice

68型 Ga-DOTATATE 神经内分泌肿瘤的日常临床应用指南

Neuroendocrine tumors are a rare form of cancer that arise from neuroendocrine cells and can be present at almost any location throughout the body. ...

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model

研究使用正交乳腺癌模型的三阴性乳腺癌

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype with limited therapeutic options. When compared to patients with less ...

Ultrasound-Guided Orthotopic Implantation of Murine Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

毛尿胰腺腺腺腺癌超声引导正射植入

The recent success of immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma and lung adenocarcinoma has galvanized the field of immuno-oncology as well as revealed the ...

A 3D Spheroid Model for Glioblastoma

胶质母细胞瘤的3D球形模型

Two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures do not mimic in vivo tumor growth satisfactorily. Therefore, three-dimensional (3D) culture spheroid models were ...

A Syngeneic Orthotopic Osteosarcoma Sprague Dawley Rat Model with Amputation to Control Metastasis Rate

同源原位骨肉瘤Sprague Dawley大鼠模型，截肢控制转移率

The most recent advance in the treatment of osteosarcoma (OS) occurred in the 1980s when multi-agent chemotherapy was shown to improve overall survival ...