Name: one-pot microwave-assisted conversion of anomeric nitrate-esters to trichloroacetimidates
Uploaded: 2018-01-15T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates at JoVE.com

Forfatterne ønsker å erkjenne Vanderbilt University og Institutt for kjemisk biologi for økonomisk støtte. Mr. Berkley Ellis og Prof. John McLean er anerkjent for med høy oppløsning masse spektral analyse.

1. representant mikrobølgeovn-assistert Denitration
<ol><li>Plasser azido nitrat ester (1.0 hovedfag, 0,2 mmol) i en 8 mL mikrobølgeovn reaksjon hetteglass. Omfanget av reaksjonen kan økes til flere mmol uten noen negativ effekt på reaksjon fremgang.</li>
	<li>Løs opp azido-nitrat ester i 20% a aceton (0.1 M, 2.0 mL). Legge til pyridine (5.0 hovedfag, 0,08 mL, 1.0 mmol) på reaksjonen fartøyet. Cap mikrobølgeovn bestråling ampullen og plassere reaksjonen fartøyet i en mikrobølgeovn reaktoren hulrom.</li>
	<li...

<ol>
	<li>Nicolaou, K. C., Mitchell, H. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adventures+in+Carbohydrate+Chemistry:+New+Synthetic+Technologies,+Chemical+Synthesis,+Molecular+Design,+and+Chemical+Biology+A+list+of+abbreviations+can+be+found+at+the+end+of+this+article.+Telemachos+Charalambous+was+an+inspiring+teacher+at+the+Pancyprian+Gymnasium,+Nicosia,+Cyprus.">Adventures in Carbohydrate Chemistry: New Synthetic Technologies, Chemical Synthesis, Molecular Design, and Chemical Biology A list of abbreviations can be found at the end of this article. Telemachos Charalambous was an inspiring teacher at the Pancyprian Gymnasium, Nicosia, Cyprus.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 40 (9), 1576-1624 (2001).</li><li>Danishefsky, S. J., Allen, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=From+the+laboratory+to+the+clinic:+A+retrospective+on+fully+synthetic+carbohydrate-based+anticancer+vaccines.">From the laboratory to the clinic: A retrospective on fully synthetic carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 39 (5), 836-863 (2000).</li><li>Nicolaou, K. C., Hale, C. R. H., Nilewski, C., Ioannidou, H. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Constructing+molecular+complexity+and+diversity:+total+synthesis+of+natural+products+of+biological+and+medicinal+importance.">Constructing molecular complexity and diversity: total synthesis of natural products of biological and medicinal importance.</a> Chemical Society Reviews. 41 (15), 5185-5238 (2012).</li><li>Zhu, X., Schmidt, R. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+principles+for+glycoside-bond+formation.">New principles for glycoside-bond formation.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 48 (11), 1900-1934 (2009).</li><li>Danishefsky, S. J., Bilodeau, M. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glycals+in+organic+synthesis:+The+evolution+of+comprehensive+strategies+for+the+assembly+of+oligosaccharides+and+glycoconjugates+of+biological+consequence.">Glycals in organic synthesis: The evolution of comprehensive strategies for the assembly of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates of biological consequence.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 35 (13-14), 1380-1419 (1996).</li><li>Bongat, A. F., Demchenko, A. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+trends+in+the+synthesis+of+O-glycosides+of+2-amino-2-deoxysugars.">Recent trends in the synthesis of O-glycosides of 2-amino-2-deoxysugars.</a> Carbohydr. Res. 342 (3-4), 374-406 (2007).</li><li>Feizi, T., Fazio, F., Chai, W. C., Wong, C. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Carbohydrate+microarrays+-+a+new+set+of+technologies+at+the+frontiers+of+glycomics.">Carbohydrate microarrays - a new set of technologies at the frontiers of glycomics.</a> Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 13 (5), 637-645 (2003).</li><li>Palmacci, E. R., Plante, O. J., Seeberger, P. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oligosaccharide+synthesis+in+solution+and+on+solid+support+with+glycosyl+phosphates.">Oligosaccharide synthesis in solution and on solid support with glycosyl phosphates.</a> Eur. J. Org. Chem. (4), 595-606 (2002).</li><li>Stallforth, P., Lepenies, B., Adibekian, A., Seeberger, P. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=2009+Claude+S.+Hudson+Award+in+Carbohydrate+Chemistry.+Carbohydrates:+a+frontier+in+medicinal+chemistry.">2009 Claude S. Hudson Award in Carbohydrate Chemistry. Carbohydrates: a frontier in medicinal chemistry.</a> J. Med. Chem. 52 (18), 5561-5577 (2009).</li><li>Danishefsky, S. J., Mcclure, K. F., Randolph, J. T., Ruggeri, R. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Strategy+for+the+Solid-Phase+Synthesis+of+Oligosaccharides.">A Strategy for the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Oligosaccharides.</a> Science. 260 (5112), 1307-1309 (1993).</li><li>Demchenko, A. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stereoselective+chemical+1,2-cis+O-glycosylation:+From+'sugar+ray'+to+modern+techniques+of+the+21st+century.">Stereoselective chemical 1,2-cis O-glycosylation: From 'sugar ray' to modern techniques of the 21st century.</a> Synlett. (9), 1225-1240 (2003).</li><li>Fraserreid, B., Wu, Z. F., Udodong, U. E., Ottosson, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Armed-Disarmed+Effects+in+Glycosyl+Donors+-+Rationalization+and+Sidetracking.">Armed-Disarmed Effects in Glycosyl Donors - Rationalization and Sidetracking.</a> J. Org. Chem. 55 (25), 6068-6070 (1990).</li><li>Bohe, L., Crich, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+propos+of+glycosyl+cations+and+the+mechanism+of+chemical+glycosylation;+the+current+state+of+the+art.">A propos of glycosyl cations and the mechanism of chemical glycosylation; the current state of the art.</a> Carbohydr. Res. 403, 48-59 (2015).</li><li>Toshima, K., Tatsuta, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+Progress+in+O-Glycosylation+Methods+and+Its+Application+to+Natural-Products+Synthesis.">Recent Progress in O-Glycosylation Methods and Its Application to Natural-Products Synthesis.</a> Chem. Rev. 93 (4), 1503-1531 (1993).</li><li>Koenigs, W., Knorr, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ueber+einige+Derivate+des+Traubenzuckers+und+der+Galactose.">Ueber einige Derivate des Traubenzuckers und der Galactose.</a> Chem. Ber. 34 (1), 957-981 (1901).</li><li>Mukaiyama, T., Murai, Y., Shoda, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+Efficient+Method+for+Glucosylation+of+Hydroxy+Compounds+Using+Glucopyranosyl+Fluoride.">An Efficient Method for Glucosylation of Hydroxy Compounds Using Glucopyranosyl Fluoride.</a> Chem. Lett. (3), 431-432 (1981).</li><li>Meloncelli, P. J., Martin, A. D., Lowary, T. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glycosyl+iodides.+History+and+recent+advances.">Glycosyl iodides. History and recent advances.</a> Carbohydrate Research. 344 (9), 1110-1122 (2009).</li><li>Lian, G., Zhang, X., Yu, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thioglycosides+in+carbohydrate+research.">Thioglycosides in carbohydrate research.</a> Carbohydr. Res. 403, 13-22 (2015).</li><li>Schmidt, R. R., Kinzy, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anomeric-Oxygen+Activation+for+Glycoside+Synthesis+-+the+Trichloroacetimidate+Method.">Anomeric-Oxygen Activation for Glycoside Synthesis - the Trichloroacetimidate Method.</a> Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry. 50, 21-123 (1994).</li><li>Schmidt, R. R., Toepfer, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glycosylation+with+highly+reactive+glycosyl+donors:+efficiency+of+the+inverse+procedure.">Glycosylation with highly reactive glycosyl donors: efficiency of the inverse procedure.</a> Tetrahedron Lett. 32 (28), 3353-3356 (1991).</li><li>Keith, D. J., Townsend, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct,+microwave-assisted+substitution+of+anomeric+nitrate-esters.">Direct, microwave-assisted substitution of anomeric nitrate-esters.</a> Carbohydr. Res. 442, 20-24 (2017).</li><li>Bukowski, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+and+Conformational+Analysis+of+the+T-Antigen+Disaccharide(B-D-Gal-(1->3)-a-D-GalNAc-OMe).">Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of the T-Antigen Disaccharide(B-D-Gal-(1->3)-a-D-GalNAc-OMe).</a> Eur. J. Org. Chem. 14, 2697-2705 (2001).</li></ol>

Protokollen beskrevet i denne opplæringen inneholder en metode for å konvertere nitrat estere til nyttig, reaktive funksjonalitet. I utvidet forstand har ansette en mikrobølgeovn reaktoren å fullføre spesifikke øvelser i løpet av karbohydrater syntese potensial til å gjøre vanskelige transformasjoner lettvinte og rutine. Vårt mål i denne opplæringen er å håndtere karbohydrater i sammenheng med mikrobølgeovn bestråling.
Hvis den overordnede reaksjonen, har tidligere arbeidet den...

På grunn av deres ubiquity i molekylærbiologi, har karbohydrater vært langvarig mål for syntese. 1 , 2 , 3 kjernen i enhver vellykket syntetiske kampanje er riktig distribusjonen av glykosylering reaksjoner å bygge oligosaccharide kjeden. 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ikke overraskende, det er mange metoder å installere glycosidic obligasjoner. 13 , 14 the Koenigs-Knorr metoden er en av de tidligste kjente prosedyrene og innebærer kopling en glycosyl chloride eller bromide med en alkoholholdige komponent, vanligvis under heavy metal (kvikksølv eller sølv) aktivisering. 15 relaterte glycosyl fluorider ble først innført som givere i 1981 av gruppen Mukaiyama og fant utbredt programmet på grunn av deres økt termisk og kjemisk stabilitet. 16 på den motsatte enden av spekteret reaktivitet er glycosyl iodides, som er langt mer reaktiv enn de andre halides. Økt reaktivitet ledsages av økte stereocontrol, spesielt når danner α-tilknyttet oligosaccharides. 17 i tillegg til "haloglycosides", thioglycosides har funnet bredt nytte, delvis på grunn av sin brukervennlighet formasjon, stabilitet til en rekke reaksjonen forhold og Aktivisering med Elektrofil reagenser. 18
Metodene beskrevet ovenfor fokus på å konvertere en anomeric alkohol til en "ikke-oksygen" inneholder, latente forlate gruppen er aktivert og til slutt fordrevet av en alkohol fra en acceptor molekyl. Anomeric oksygen aktivisering fokuserer som beskrevet av Schmidt skolen, på å konvertere C1 oksygen, en forlate gruppen. 19 denne metoden er den mektigste og brukt mye i kjemisk glykosylering reaksjoner. Trichloroacetimidate givere tilberedes lett fra en redusert sukker og trichloroacetonitrile i nærvær av en base som kalium karbonat (K2CO3) eller 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU). Disse artene er aktiveres ved hjelp av Lewis syrer. 20
Vi har nylig rapportert at 2-azido-1-trichloroacetimidate givere kan tilberedes direkte fra glycals. Prosessen omfatter en to reaksjon, one-pot prosedyre fra 2-azido-1-nitrat estere. 21 denne detaljerte protokollen er ment å hjelpe utøvere å fullføre forvandlingen i høy avkastning. Av spesiell interesse er første trinn i sekvensen, som fokuserer på termisk denitration under mikrobølgeovn - assistert oppvarming. Vi håper å gi en visuell tutorial på å ansette mikrobølgeovn reaktorer i Organisk syntese.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>230 400 mesh silica gel</td>
			<td>SiliCycle Inc</td>
			<td>R10030B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TLC plates</td>
			<td>SiliCycle Inc</td>
			<td>TLG-R10014B-527</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ceric ammonium molybdate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A1343</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Solvent Still</td>
			<td>Mbraun</td>
			<td>MB-SPS-800</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Infared spectrometer</td>
			<td>Thermo</td>
			<td>Thermo Electron IR100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nuclear Magnetic Resonance</td>
			<td>Bruker</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>400, 600 MHz</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LC/MS</td>
			<td>Thermo/Dionex</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Single quad, ESI</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HRMS</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td>Synapt G2 S HDMS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microwave reactor</td>
			<td>Anton Parr</td>
			<td>Anton Parr G10 Monowave 200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DBU</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>139009</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CCl3CN</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T53805</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pyridine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>270970</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetone</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A18-20</td>
			<td>Tech. grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phase separator</td>
			<td>Biotage</td>
			<td>120-1901-A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rotary evaporator</td>
			<td>Buchi</td>
			<td>R-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

one-pot microwave-assisted conversion of anomeric nitrate-esters to trichloroacetimidates

Målet med den følgende fremgangsmåten er å gi en demonstrasjon av en-potten konvertering av en 2-azido-1-nitrat-ester til trichloroacetimidate glycosyl giver. Etter azido-nitration av en glycal, produkt 2-azido-1-nitrat ester kan være hydrolyzed under mikrobølgeovn-assistert bestråling. Denne transformasjonen er vanligvis oppnås ved hjelp av sterkt nukleofil reagenser og utvidet reaksjonstid. Mikrobølgeovn bestråling induserer hydrolyse, i fravær av reagenser, med kort reaksjonstid. Etter denitration, mellomliggende anomeric alkohol konverteres, i samme potten, til den tilsvarende 2-azido-1-trichloroacetimidate.

Teknologien beskrevet her ble demonstrert på en pool av tre 2-azido-1-nitrat estere. I hvert fall var det første trinnet i reaksjonen ferdig innen 20 minutter.
<img alt="Figure 2" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56610/56610fig2v3.jpg"> Figur 2. Representative eksempel hydrolyse (1 ->2), og one-potten konvertering av 2-azido-1-nitrat ester 1 (...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates at JoVE.com

One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates

One-pot mikrobølgeovn-assistert konvertering av Anomeric nitrat-estere til Trichloroacetimidates

En 2-azido-1-nitrat-ester kan konverteres til de tilsvarende 2-azido-1-trichloroacetimidate i en en-potten prosedyre. Målet med manuskriptet er å vise nytte av mikrobølgeovn reaktoren i karbohydrater syntese.

The goal of the following procedure is to provide a demonstration of the one-pot conversion of a 2-azido-1-nitrate-ester to a trichloroacetimidate ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Microwave-assisted Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Diels-Alder Reactions for the Synthesis of Functionalized Naphthalenes/Solvatochromic Dyes

Mikrobølgeovn-assistert intramolekylære Dehydrogenative Diels-Alder reaksjoner for syntese av funksjonalisert naftalener / Solvatochromic Fargestoffer

Functionalized naphthalenes have applications in a variety of research fields ranging from the synthesis of natural or biologically active molecules to ...

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Poly(ethylene glycol) and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

Mikrobølgeovn-assistert funksjon av Poly (etylenglykol) og On-resin Peptider for bruk i Chain polymerisasjoner og hydrogeldannelse

One of the main benefits to using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macromers in hydrogel formation is synthetic versatility. The ability to draw from a large ...

Preparation of Silica Nanoparticles Through Microwave-assisted Acid-catalysis

Microwave-assisted synthetic techniques were used to quickly and reproducibly produce silica nanoparticle sols using an acid catalyst with nanoparticle ...

Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization

Redusere Willow Wood Fuel utslipp ved lav temperatur mikrobølgeovn assistert hydrotermisk karbonisering

Biomass is a sustainable fuel, as its CO2 emissions are reintegrated in biomass growth. However, the inorganic precursors in the biomass cause a negative ...

Synthesis of In37P20(O2CR)51 Clusters and Their Conversion to InP Quantum Dots

Synthesis of In37P20O2CR51 Clusters and Their Conversion to InP Quantum Dots

Syntese av i37P20(O2CR)51 klynger og deres konvertering til InP Quantum prikker

This text presents a method for the synthesis of In37P20(O2C14H27)51 clusters and their conversion to indium phosphide quantum dots. The In37P20(O2CR)51 ...

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

Mikrobølgeovn-assistert utarbeidelse av 1-aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-aminer

A synthetic process for the preparation of a variety of 1-aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines was developed. The microwave-mediated nature of this method makes it ...

Hierarchical and Programmable One-Pot Oligosaccharide Synthesis

Hierarkisk og programmerbar One-Pot Oligosaccharide syntese

This article presents a general experimental protocol for programmable one-pot oligosaccharide synthesis and demonstrates how to use Auto-CHO software for ...

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

Allsidig CO2 transformasjoner i komplekse produkter: A One-Pot to-trinns strategi

CO2 transformations using a one-pot two-step method are presented herein. The purpose of the method is to give access to a variety of value-added products ...

A Microwave-Assisted Direct Heteroarylation of Ketones Using Transition Metal Catalysis

En mikrobølgeovn-assistert direkte heteroarylation av ketoner ved hjelp av transition metal katalysis

Heteroarylation introduces heteroaryl fragments to organic molecules. Despite the numerous available reactions reported for arylation via transition metal ...

In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation

In situ Beite forekomst liten vinkel x-ray spredning på roll-to-roll belegg av organiske solceller med laboratoriet x-ray instrumentering

We present an in-house, in situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering (GISAXS) experiment, developed to probe the drying kinetics of roll-to-roll ...