Name: immunofluorescence microscopy of &#947;h2ax and 53bp1 for analyzing the formation and repair of dna double-strand breaks
Uploaded: 2017-11-03T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Immunofluorescence Microscopy of ÃŽÂ³H2AX and 53BP1 for Analyzing the Formation and Repair of DNA Double-strand Breaks at JoVE.com

Het project werd ondersteund door de Duitse José Carreras leukemie Stichting (DJCLS 14 R/2017).

alle methoden die hier worden beschreven zijn goedgekeurd door de ethische commissie II van de Mannheim van de medische faculteit van de Universiteit van Heidelberg. Schriftelijke toestemming is verkregen van alle individuen.
 1. voorbereiding van materialen <ol><li>antistollingsmiddel stockoplossing: bereiden een anticoagulatie stockoplossing van 200 I.E. heparine per mL in natriumchloride 0,9%. Vul elk van de collectie buizen (tekenen volume 9 mL) met 2 mL van de anticoag...

<ol>
	<li>Hoeijmakers, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome+maintenance+mechanisms+for+preventing+cancer.">Genome maintenance mechanisms for preventing cancer.</a> Nature. 411 (6835), 366-374 (2001).</li><li>Lindahl, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Instability+and+decay+of+the+primary+structure+of+DNA.">Instability and decay of the primary structure of DNA.</a> Nature. 362 (6422), 709-715 (1993).</li><li>Zeman, M. K., Cimprich, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Causes+and+consequences+of+replication+stress.">Causes and consequences of replication stress.</a> Nat Cell Biol. 16 (1), 2-9 (2014).</li><li>. Biological effects of low doses of ionizing radiation: A fuller picture Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/36405843745.pdf">https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/36405843745.pdf</a> (1994)</li><li>Vilenchik, M. M., Knudson, A. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endogenous+DNA+double-strand+breaks:+production,+fidelity+of+repair,+and+induction+of+cancer.">Endogenous DNA double-strand breaks: production, fidelity of repair, and induction of cancer.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 100 (22), 12871-12876 (2003).</li><li>Simsek, D., Jasin, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alternative+end-joining+is+suppressed+by+the+canonical+NHEJ+component+Xrcc4-ligase+IV+during+chromosomal+translocation+formation.">Alternative end-joining is suppressed by the canonical NHEJ component Xrcc4-ligase IV during chromosomal translocation formation.</a> Nat Struct Mol Biol. 17 (4), 410-416 (2010).</li><li>Weinstock, D. M., Brunet, E., Jasin, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Formation+of+NHEJ-derived+reciprocal+chromosomal+translocations+does+not+require+Ku70.">Formation of NHEJ-derived reciprocal chromosomal translocations does not require Ku70.</a> Nat Cell Biol. 9 (8), 978-981 (2007).</li><li>Rogakou, E. P., Pilch, D. R., Orr, A. H., Ivanova, V. S., Bonner, W. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DNA+double-stranded+breaks+induce+histone+H2AX+phosphorylation+on+serine+139.">DNA double-stranded breaks induce histone H2AX phosphorylation on serine 139.</a> J Biol Chem. 273 (10), 5858-5868 (1998).</li><li>Scully, R., Xie, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Double+strand+break+repair+functions+of+histone+H2AX.">Double strand break repair functions of histone H2AX.</a> Mutat Res. 750 (1-2), 5-14 (2013).</li><li>Walters, D. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence+for+ongoing+DNA+damage+in+multiple+myeloma+cells+as+revealed+by+constitutive+phosphorylation+of+H2AX.">Evidence for ongoing DNA damage in multiple myeloma cells as revealed by constitutive phosphorylation of H2AX.</a> Leukemia. 25 (8), 1344-1353 (2011).</li><li>Yu, T., MacPhail, S. H., Banath, J. P., Klokov, D., Olive, P. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endogenous+expression+of+phosphorylated+histone+H2AX+in+tumors+in+relation+to+DNA+double-strand+breaks+and+genomic+instability.">Endogenous expression of phosphorylated histone H2AX in tumors in relation to DNA double-strand breaks and genomic instability.</a> DNA Repair (Amst). 5 (8), 935-946 (2006).</li><li>Sedelnikova, O. A., Bonner, W. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=GammaH2AX+in+cancer+cells:+a+potential+biomarker+for+cancer+diagnostics,+prediction+and+recurrence.">GammaH2AX in cancer cells: a potential biomarker for cancer diagnostics, prediction and recurrence.</a> Cell Cycle. 5 (24), 2909-2913 (2006).</li><li>Chen, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=JAK2V617F+promotes+replication+fork+stalling+with+disease-restricted+impairment+of+the+intra-S+checkpoint+response.">JAK2V617F promotes replication fork stalling with disease-restricted impairment of the intra-S checkpoint response.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 111 (42), 15190-15195 (2014).</li><li>Popp, H. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increase+of+DNA+damage+and+alteration+of+the+DNA+damage+response+in+myelodysplastic+syndromes+and+acute+myeloid+leukemias.">Increase of DNA damage and alteration of the DNA damage response in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemias.</a> Leuk Res. 57, 112-118 (2017).</li><li>Panier, S., Boulton, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Double-strand+break+repair:+53BP1+comes+into+focus.">Double-strand break repair: 53BP1 comes into focus.</a> Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 15 (1), 7-18 (2014).</li><li>Escribano-Diaz, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+cell+cycle-dependent+regulatory+circuit+composed+of+53BP1-RIF1+and+BRCA1-CtIP+controls+DNA+repair+pathway+choice.">A cell cycle-dependent regulatory circuit composed of 53BP1-RIF1 and BRCA1-CtIP controls DNA repair pathway choice.</a> Mol Cell. 49 (5), 872-883 (2013).</li><li>Boyum, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Separation+of+White+Blood+Cells.">Separation of White Blood Cells.</a> Nature. 204, 793-794 (1964).</li><li>Boyum, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+mononuclear+cells+and+granulocytes+from+human+blood.+Isolation+of+monuclear+cells+by+one+centrifugation,+and+of+granulocytes+by+combining+centrifugation+and+sedimentation+at+1+g.">Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood. Isolation of monuclear cells by one centrifugation, and of granulocytes by combining centrifugation and sedimentation at 1 g.</a> Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl. 97, 77-89 (1968).</li><li>Bain, B., Pshyk, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enhanced+reactivity+in+mixed+leukocyte+cultures+after+separation+of+mononuclear+cells+on+Ficoll-Hypaque.">Enhanced reactivity in mixed leukocyte cultures after separation of mononuclear cells on Ficoll-Hypaque.</a> Transplant Proc. 4 (2), 163-164 (1972).</li><li>Popp, H. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Leukocyte+DNA+damage+after+reduced+and+conventional+absorbed+radiation+doses+using+3rd+generation+dual-source+CT+technology.">Leukocyte DNA damage after reduced and conventional absorbed radiation doses using 3rd generation dual-source CT technology.</a> Eur J Radiol Open. 3, 134-137 (2016).</li><li>Rothkamm, K., Balroop, S., Shekhdar, J., Fernie, P., Goh, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Leukocyte+DNA+damage+after+multi-detector+row+CT:+a+quantitative+biomarker+of+low-level+radiation+exposure.">Leukocyte DNA damage after multi-detector row CT: a quantitative biomarker of low-level radiation exposure.</a> Radiology. 242 (1), 244-251 (2007).</li><li>Lobrich, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+formation+and+repair+of+DNA+double-strand+breaks+after+computed+tomography+examinations.">In vivo formation and repair of DNA double-strand breaks after computed tomography examinations.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 102 (25), 8984-8989 (2005).</li><li>Jamur, M. C., Oliver, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+fixatives+for+immunostaining.">Cell fixatives for immunostaining.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 588, 55-61 (2010).</li><li>Jamur, M. C., Oliver, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Permeabilization+of+cell+membranes.">Permeabilization of cell membranes.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 588, 63-66 (2010).</li><li>Rothkamm, K., Lobrich, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence+for+a+lack+of+DNA+double-strand+break+repair+in+human+cells+exposed+to+very+low+x-ray+doses.">Evidence for a lack of DNA double-strand break repair in human cells exposed to very low x-ray doses.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 100 (9), 5057-5062 (2003).</li></ol>

Immunofluorescentie microscopie van γH2AX en 53BP1 is een handige methode voor het analyseren van de vorming en de reparatie van DSB in een breed spectrum van onderzoeksgebieden. Kritische parameters die invloed hebben op de resultaten van de experimenten zijn de fase van de celcyclus, de stoffen die worden gebruikt voor de fixatie en permeabilization van de cellen, de keuze van de antilichamen, en de hardware en software van de fluorescentie Microscoop.
De invloed van de celcyclus op γH2AX ...

DNA is permanent beschadigd door endogene (bv, replicatie stress, reactieve zuurstof soorten, intrinsieke instabiliteit van DNA) en exogene (bv, chemische radicalen, bestraling) bronnen (Figuur 1)1,2 ,3,4. Onder DNA schade, DNA dubbele-strand einden (DSB) zijn bijzonder ernstige letsels en kunnen leiden tot celdood of carcinogenese. Ongeveer 50 DSB voordoen per cel en celcyclus5. Bij zoogdiercellen homologe recombinatie (HR) en nonhomologous eind-verbinden (NHEJ) ontwikkeld als belangrijke trajecten voor de reparatie van DSB (Figuur 2). HR treedt op in laat S/G2-fase en maakt gebruik van een intact zus chromatide als een sjabloon voor reparatie mogelijk vrij van fouten. Ter vergelijking: NHEJ is actief gedurende de celcyclus en potentieel mutagene zoals basenparen kunnen worden toegevoegd of gereseceerd voordat Afbinding van de gebroken uiteinden. Daarnaast mogen alternatieve einde-toetreding worden gebruikt als een langzame mutagene reparatie van de back-up mechanisme in geval van NHEJ deficiëntie6,7.
DSB induceren de fosforylering van de Histon H2AX op Serine 139 in een regio van verschillende megabase paren rond elke DSB. De vormende nucleaire foci heten γH2AX foci en door immunofluorescentie microscopie8worden opgespoord. ΓH2AX bevordert de aanwerving van verdere DSB-responsieve eiwitten en is betrokken bij de chromatine remodeling, reparatie van DNA en signaaltransductie9. Zoals elke γH2AX focus wordt beschouwd als een enkele DSB vertegenwoordigen, is de kwantificering van DSB door immunofluorescentie microscopie het mogelijk, dat is aangetoond in kanker cellijnen en patiënt exemplaren10,11, 12 , 13 , 14. 53BP1 (p53 bindende eiwit 1) is een andere belangrijke eiwit in het bemiddelen van DSB reparatie. Het is betrokken bij de aanwerving van DSB-responsieve eiwitten, checkpoint signalering en de synapsis van DSB uiteinden15. Daarnaast speelt 53BP1 een cruciale rol bij de keuze van DSB reparatie traject. Er wordt de reparatie van DSB richting NHEJ gegenereerd terwijl HR verhinderd16 is. Gelet op de daadwerkelijke functies van γH2AX en 53BP1 in DSB reparatie, de gelijktijdige analyse van γH2AX en 53BP1 door immunofluorescentie microscopie mogelijk een handige methode voor de nauwkeurige analyse van de vorming en de reparatie van DSB.
Dit manuscript biedt een stapsgewijze protocol voor het uitvoeren van immunofluorescentie microscopie van γH2AX en 53BP1 in de celkernen. In het bijzonder wordt de techniek toegepast in normale fibroblasten voor de cellijn NHDF, x-ray bestraald lymfocyten van een gezond individu en CD34 + cellen van een patiënt met acute myeloïde leukemie. De details van de methode zijn gewezen in het kader van de gepresenteerde resultaten.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="630">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:207px;">RPMI medium</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">R0883</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Medium for cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:207px;">Heparin sodium</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ratiopharm</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">PZN 3029843</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">&#160;Heparin 5,000 I.U. / mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Sodium chloride solution 0.9%</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">B. Braun</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">PZN 1957154</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Component of the anticoagulant stock solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Ficoll-Paque Premium</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">GE Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">17-5442-02</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Medium for isolation of mononuclear cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Trypsin solution 10X</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">59427C</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Enzyme for dissociation of fibroblasts in cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">CD34 MicroBead Kit</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">130-046-702</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Isolation of CD34+ myeloid progenitor cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:207px;">Diagnostic microscope slides</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>ER-203B-CE24</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Microscope slides</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:207px;">Megafuge 1.0 R</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Heraeus</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">75003060</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">&#160;Tabletop centrifuge&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:207px;">Cytospin device</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Lid</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Heraeus</td>
			<td>76003422</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Lid for working without micro-tubes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Cyto container</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Heraeus</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">75003416</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Cyto container with 2 conical bores</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Clip carrier</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Heraeus</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">75003414</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Carrier for holding a cyto container and a slide</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Support insert</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Heraeus</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">75003417</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Support insert for holding a clip carrier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Triton X-100 (Octoxinol 9)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">85112</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Detergent for permeabilization of cell membranes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Potassium hydroxide solution 1M</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Merck Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">109107</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Necessary for preparing the paraformaldehyde solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:207px;">Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">P6148</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Fixation agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:207px;">Phosphate buffered saline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">D8537</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Balanced salt solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:207px;">Chemiblocker</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Merck Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">2170</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Blocking agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Mouse monoclonal anti-&#947;H2AX antibody (JBW301)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Merck Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">05-636</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Primary antibody for detection of &#947;H2AX</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Polyclonal rabbit anti-53BP1 antibody (NB100-304)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Novus Biologicals</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">NB100-304</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Primary antibody for detection of 53BP1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse antibody</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">A-11001</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Secondary antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Alexa Fluor 555-conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">A-21428</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Secondary antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Vectashield mounting medium</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Vector Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">H-1200</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Contains DAPI for staining of DNA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:207px;">Axio Scope.A1</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">490035</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Fluorescence microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Cool Cube 1 CCD camera</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Metasystems</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">H-0310-010-MS</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Camera system for digital recording</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:207px;">Isis software</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Metasystems</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">Not applicable</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Microscope software</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

immunofluorescence microscopy of &#947;h2ax and 53bp1 for analyzing the formation and repair of dna double-strand breaks

DNA dubbele-strand einden (DSB) zijn ernstige DNA-beschadigingen. Analyse van de vorming en de reparatie van DSB is relevant in een breed spectrum van onderzoek op gebieden zoals genoom integriteit genotoxiciteit, straling biologie, veroudering, kanker en Geneesmiddelenontwikkeling. In reactie op DSB, is de Histon H2AX phosphorylated op Serine 139 in een regio van verschillende megabase paren vormen discrete nucleaire foci aantoonbaar door immunofluorescentie microscopie. Bovendien is 53BP1 (p53 bindende eiwit 1) is een ander belangrijk DSB-responsieve eiwit bevordering van reparatie van DSB door nonhomologous einde-toe te treden terwijl het voorkomen van homologe recombinatie. Volgens de specifieke functies van γH2AX en 53BP1 kunnen de gecombineerde analyse van γH2AX en 53BP1 door immunofluorescentie microscopie een redelijke benadering voor een gedetailleerde analyse van DSB. Dit manuscript biedt een stapsgewijze protocol, aangevuld met methodische notities voor het uitvoeren van de techniek. Specifiek, blijkt de invloed van de celcyclus op γH2AX foci patronen in normale fibroblasten van de cellijn NHDF. Verder, is de waarde van de γH2AX foci een biomarker teljaren in x-ray bestraald lymfocyten bij een gezonde persoon. Tot slot wordt de genetische instabiliteit in CD34 + cellen van een patiënt met acute myeloïde leukemie onderzocht door immunofluorescentie microscopie van γH2AX en 53BP1.

Analyse van γH2AX foci in cellen is nauwkeurigste in de G0/G1-fase en de G2-fase als γH2AX foci worden weergegeven als verschillende TL stippen (figuur 5A). In tegenstelling, wordt analyse van γH2AX foci in cellen in de S-fase bemoeilijkt door verspreide pan-nucleaire γH2AX spikkels veroorzaakt door het replicatieproces (figuur 5B).
Fixatie van de cellen is uitgevoe...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Immunofluorescence Microscopy of ÃŽÂ³H2AX and 53BP1 for Analyzing the Formation and Repair of DNA Double-strand Breaks at JoVE.com

Immunofluorescence Microscopy of ÃƒÆ’Ã…Â½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â³H2AX and 53BP1 for Analyzing the Formation and Repair of DNA Double-strand Breaks

Dit manuscript biedt een protocol voor de analyse van DNA dubbele-strand einden door immunofluorescentie microscopie van γH2AX en 53BP1.

Immunofluorescentie microscopie van γH2AX en 53BP1 voor het analyseren van de vorming en de reparatie van DNA dubbele-strand einden

DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are serious DNA lesions. Analysis of the formation and repair of DSB is relevant in a broad spectrum of research areas ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

Immunofluorescence Microscopy of &#947;H2AX and 53BP1 for Analyzing the Formation and Repair of DNA Double-strand Breaks

Application of Laser Micro-irradiation for Examination of Single and Double Strand Break Repair in Mammalian Cells

Toepassing van Laser-Micro-bestraling voor onderzoek van enkele en dubbele Strand Break Repair in zoogdiercellen

Highly coordinated DNA repair pathways exist to detect, excise and replace damaged DNA bases, and coordinate repair of DNA strand breaks. While molecular ...

Characterization of Tumor Cells Using a Medical Wire for Capturing Circulating Tumor Cells: A 3D Approach Based on Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH

Karakterisering van tumorcellen met behulp van een medische draad voor het vastleggen van de circulerende tumorcellen: een 3D aanpak gebaseerd op immunofluorescentie en DNA vis

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are associated with poor survival in metastatic cancer. Their identification, phenotyping, and genotyping could lead to a ...

Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy

Karakterisering van de DNA-herstelsynthese op Transiënten- en Long-lasting Double-streng DNA-einden door immunofluorescentie microscopie

The repair of double-stranded breaks (DSBs) in DNA is a highly coordinated process, necessitating the formation and resolution of multi-protein repair ...

Detection and Monitoring of Tumor Associated Circulating DNA in Patient Biofluids

Detectie en monitoring van tumor geassocieerd Circulerend DNA bij patiënt biovloeistoffen

Complications associated with upfront and repeat surgical tissue sampling present the need for minimally invasive platforms capable of molecular ...

Analyzing Tumor and Tissue Distribution of Target Antigen Specific Therapeutic Antibody

Analyse van tumor- en weefselverdeling van doelantigeen-specifiek therapeutisch antilichaam

Monoclonal antibodies are high affinity multifunctional drugs that work by variable independent mechanisms to eliminate cancer cells. Over the last few ...

Immunofluorescence Imaging of DNA Damage and Repair Foci in Human Colon Cancer Cells

Immunofluorescentie beeldvorming van DNA Schade en Reparatie Foci in human Colon Kankercellen

The purpose of the manuscript is to provide a step-by-step protocol for performing immunofluorescence microscopy to study the radiation-induced DNA damage ...

Detection of Cell-Free DNA in Blood Plasma Samples of Cancer Patients

Detectie van celvrij DNA in bloedplasmamonsters van kankerpatiënten

Identifying mutations in tumors of cancer patients is a very important step in disease management. These mutations serve as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis ...

Monitoring Breast Cancer Growth and Metastatic Colony Formation in Mice using Bioluminescence

Monitoring van borstkankergroei en gemetastaseerde kolonievorming bij muizen met behulp van bioluminescentie

Breast cancer is a frequent heterogeneous malignancy and the second leading cause of mortality in women, mainly due to distant organ metastasis. Several ...

Visualizing DNA Damage Repair Proteins in Patient-Derived Ovarian Cancer Organoids via Immunofluorescence Assays

Visualizing DNA Damage Repair Proteins in Patient-Derived Ovarian Cancer Organoids via Immunofluorescence Assays

Het visualiseren van DNA-schadehersteleiwitten in patiënt-afgeleide eierstokkanker organoïden via immunofluorescentietests

Immunofluorescence is one of the most widely used techniques to visualize target antigens with high sensitivity and specificity, allowing for the accurate ...

Multiplex Immunofluorescence and Spatial Image Analysis of the Tumor Microenvironment

Multiplex Immunofluorescence Combined with Spatial Image Analysis for the Clinical and Biological Assessment of the Tumor Microenvironment

Multiplex Immunofluorescence Combined with Spatial Image Analysis for the Clinical and Biological Assessment of the Tumor Microenvironment (Video) | JoVE 

Multiplex immunofluorescentie gecombineerd met ruimtelijke beeldanalyse voor de klinische en biologische beoordeling van de micro-omgeving van de tumor

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of a plethora of different cell types, such as cytotoxic immune cells and immunomodulatory cells. Depending ...