Name: immunofluorescence microscopy of &#947;h2ax and 53bp1 for analyzing the formation and repair of dna double-strand breaks
Uploaded: 2017-11-03T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Immunofluorescence Microscopy of ÃŽÂ³H2AX and 53BP1 for Analyzing the Formation and Repair of DNA Double-strand Breaks at JoVE.com

Projektet stöddes av tyska José Carreras leukemi stiftelse (DJCLS 14 R/2017).

alla metoderna som beskrivs här har godkänts av den etiska kommittén II av den medicinska fakulteten Mannheim vid universitetet i Heidelberg. Skriftligt informerat samtycke erhållits från alla individer.
 1. beredning av material <ol><li>antikoagulans stamlösning: förbereda en blodförtunnande stamlösning av 200 IE heparin per mL 0,9% natriumklorid. Fylla varje samling rören (Rita volym 9 mL) med 2 mL av antikoagulerande stamlösning före uttag av blod eller benm?...

<ol>
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K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence+for+ongoing+DNA+damage+in+multiple+myeloma+cells+as+revealed+by+constitutive+phosphorylation+of+H2AX.">Evidence for ongoing DNA damage in multiple myeloma cells as revealed by constitutive phosphorylation of H2AX.</a> Leukemia. 25 (8), 1344-1353 (2011).</li><li>Yu, T., MacPhail, S. H., Banath, J. P., Klokov, D., Olive, P. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endogenous+expression+of+phosphorylated+histone+H2AX+in+tumors+in+relation+to+DNA+double-strand+breaks+and+genomic+instability.">Endogenous expression of phosphorylated histone H2AX in tumors in relation to DNA double-strand breaks and genomic instability.</a> DNA Repair (Amst). 5 (8), 935-946 (2006).</li><li>Sedelnikova, O. A., Bonner, W. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=GammaH2AX+in+cancer+cells:+a+potential+biomarker+for+cancer+diagnostics,+prediction+and+recurrence.">GammaH2AX in cancer cells: a potential biomarker for cancer diagnostics, prediction and recurrence.</a> Cell Cycle. 5 (24), 2909-2913 (2006).</li><li>Chen, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=JAK2V617F+promotes+replication+fork+stalling+with+disease-restricted+impairment+of+the+intra-S+checkpoint+response.">JAK2V617F promotes replication fork stalling with disease-restricted impairment of the intra-S checkpoint response.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 111 (42), 15190-15195 (2014).</li><li>Popp, H. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increase+of+DNA+damage+and+alteration+of+the+DNA+damage+response+in+myelodysplastic+syndromes+and+acute+myeloid+leukemias.">Increase of DNA damage and alteration of the DNA damage response in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemias.</a> Leuk Res. 57, 112-118 (2017).</li><li>Panier, S., Boulton, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Double-strand+break+repair:+53BP1+comes+into+focus.">Double-strand break repair: 53BP1 comes into focus.</a> Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 15 (1), 7-18 (2014).</li><li>Escribano-Diaz, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+cell+cycle-dependent+regulatory+circuit+composed+of+53BP1-RIF1+and+BRCA1-CtIP+controls+DNA+repair+pathway+choice.">A cell cycle-dependent regulatory circuit composed of 53BP1-RIF1 and BRCA1-CtIP controls DNA repair pathway choice.</a> Mol Cell. 49 (5), 872-883 (2013).</li><li>Boyum, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Separation+of+White+Blood+Cells.">Separation of White Blood Cells.</a> Nature. 204, 793-794 (1964).</li><li>Boyum, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+mononuclear+cells+and+granulocytes+from+human+blood.+Isolation+of+monuclear+cells+by+one+centrifugation,+and+of+granulocytes+by+combining+centrifugation+and+sedimentation+at+1+g.">Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood. Isolation of monuclear cells by one centrifugation, and of granulocytes by combining centrifugation and sedimentation at 1 g.</a> Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl. 97, 77-89 (1968).</li><li>Bain, B., Pshyk, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enhanced+reactivity+in+mixed+leukocyte+cultures+after+separation+of+mononuclear+cells+on+Ficoll-Hypaque.">Enhanced reactivity in mixed leukocyte cultures after separation of mononuclear cells on Ficoll-Hypaque.</a> Transplant Proc. 4 (2), 163-164 (1972).</li><li>Popp, H. 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Immunofluorescens mikroskopi av γH2AX och 53BP1 är en användbar metod för att analysera bildandet och reparation av DSB i ett brett spektrum av forskningsområden. Kritiska parametrar som påverkar resultatet av experimenten är fasen i cellcykeln, de medel som används för fixering och permeabilisering av cellerna, valet av antikropparna, och den maskinvara och programvara av fluorescens Mikroskop.
Påverkan av cellcykeln på γH2AX foci mönster visades av exponentiellt växande normala...

DNA skadas kontinuerligt av endogena (t.ex., replikering stress, reaktiva syreradikaler, inneboende instabilitet av DNA) och exogena (t.ex., kemisk radikaler, bestrålning) källor (figur 1)1,2 ,3,4. Bland DNA-skador, DNA dubbel-strand raster (DSB) är särskilt allvarliga lesioner och kan inducera celldöd eller karcinogenicitet. Ca 50 DSB uppstå per cell och cell cykel5. I däggdjursceller utvecklade homolog rekombination (HR) och nonhomologous slutet-sammanfogning (NHEJ) som större vägar för reparation av DSB (figur 2). HR uppstår i sena S/G2-fasen och använder en intakt syster kromatida som en mall för potentiellt felfri reparation. I jämförelse är NHEJ aktiv under hela cellcykeln och potentiellt mutagena som baspar kan läggas till eller resected före ligering av brutna ändarna. Dessutom kan alternativa slut-att gå vara engagerade som en långsam mutagena säkerhetskopiera reparation mekanism vid NHEJ brist6,7.
DSB inducera fosforyleringen av Histon H2AX på Serine 139 i en region i flera megabase par runt varje DSB. De bildar kärnkraft foci namnges γH2AX foci och kan påvisas med immunofluorescens mikroskopi8. ΓH2AX främjar rekrytering av ytterligare DSB-lyhörd proteiner och är involverad i kromatin remodeling, DNA-reparation och signaltransduktion9. Eftersom varje γH2AX fokus anses representera en enda DSB, är kvantifiering av DSB med hjälp av immunofluorescens mikroskopi möjligt, vilket har visats i cancer cellinjer och patientprover10,11, 12 , 13 , 14. 53BP1 (p53 bindande protein 1) är en annan Nyckelprotein medla DSB reparation. Det är involverade i rekryteringen av DSB-lyhörd proteiner, checkpoint signalering och synapsis DSB avslutar15. Dessutom spelar 53BP1 en avgörande roll i DSB reparation väg valet. Reparation av DSB mot NHEJ utlöser medan HR är förhindrade16. Med tanke på den äkta funktionen γH2AX och 53BP1 i DSB reparation, kan samtidig analys av γH2AX och 53BP1 genom immunofluorescens mikroskopi vara en användbar metod för exakt analys av bildning och reparation av DSB.
Detta manuskript ger en steg för steg-protokoll för att utföra immunofluorescens mikroskopi av γH2AX och 53BP1 i cellkärnan. Specifikt, tillämpas tekniken i normala fibroblaster av cellen fodrar NHDF, röntgen bestrålade lymfocyter av en frisk individ och CD34 + celler hos en patient med akut myeloisk leukemi. Information om metoden är påpekade i samband med de presenterade resultaten.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="630">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:207px;">RPMI medium</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">R0883</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Medium for cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:207px;">Heparin sodium</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ratiopharm</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">PZN 3029843</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">&#160;Heparin 5,000 I.U. / mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Sodium chloride solution 0.9%</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">B. Braun</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">PZN 1957154</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Component of the anticoagulant stock solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Ficoll-Paque Premium</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">GE Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">17-5442-02</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Medium for isolation of mononuclear cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Trypsin solution 10X</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">59427C</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Enzyme for dissociation of fibroblasts in cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">CD34 MicroBead Kit</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">130-046-702</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Isolation of CD34+ myeloid progenitor cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:207px;">Diagnostic microscope slides</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>ER-203B-CE24</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Microscope slides</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:207px;">Megafuge 1.0 R</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Heraeus</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">75003060</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">&#160;Tabletop centrifuge&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:207px;">Cytospin device</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Lid</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Heraeus</td>
			<td>76003422</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Lid for working without micro-tubes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Cyto container</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Heraeus</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">75003416</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Cyto container with 2 conical bores</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Clip carrier</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Heraeus</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">75003414</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Carrier for holding a cyto container and a slide</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Support insert</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Heraeus</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">75003417</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Support insert for holding a clip carrier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Triton X-100 (Octoxinol 9)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">85112</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Detergent for permeabilization of cell membranes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Potassium hydroxide solution 1M</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Merck Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">109107</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Necessary for preparing the paraformaldehyde solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:207px;">Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">P6148</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Fixation agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:207px;">Phosphate buffered saline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">D8537</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Balanced salt solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:207px;">Chemiblocker</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Merck Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">2170</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Blocking agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Mouse monoclonal anti-&#947;H2AX antibody (JBW301)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Merck Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">05-636</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Primary antibody for detection of &#947;H2AX</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Polyclonal rabbit anti-53BP1 antibody (NB100-304)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Novus Biologicals</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">NB100-304</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Primary antibody for detection of 53BP1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse antibody</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">A-11001</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Secondary antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Alexa Fluor 555-conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">A-21428</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Secondary antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Vectashield mounting medium</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Vector Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">H-1200</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Contains DAPI for staining of DNA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:207px;">Axio Scope.A1</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">490035</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Fluorescence microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Cool Cube 1 CCD camera</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Metasystems</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">H-0310-010-MS</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Camera system for digital recording</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:207px;">Isis software</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Metasystems</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">Not applicable</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Microscope software</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

immunofluorescence microscopy of &#947;h2ax and 53bp1 for analyzing the formation and repair of dna double-strand breaks

DNA dubbel-strand raster (DSB) är allvarliga DNA skador. Analys av bildandet och reparation av DSB är relevant i ett brett spektrum av forskningsområden inklusive genomet integritet, genotoxicitet, strålningsbiologi, åldrande, cancer och läkemedelsutveckling. Svar på DSB, är Histon H2AX fosforyleras på Serine 139 i en region i flera megabase par bildar diskret nukleära foci kan upptäckas med hjälp av immunofluorescens mikroskopi. Dessutom 53BP1 (p53 bindande protein 1) är en annan viktig DSB-lyhörd protein att främja reparation av DSB genom nonhomologous slut-att gå samtidigt förhindra homolog rekombination. Enligt den specifika funktion γH2AX och 53BP1, kan den kombinerade analysen av γH2AX och 53BP1 genom immunofluorescens mikroskopi vara en rimlig strategi för en detaljerad analys av DSB. Detta manuskript ger en steg för steg-protokollet kompletteras med metodisk noter för att utföra tekniken. Specifikt, demonstreras påverkan av cellcykeln på γH2AX foci mönster i normala fibroblaster av raden cell NHDF. Vidare, värdet av de γH2AX foci som en biomarkör är avbildad i röntgen bestrålade lymfocyter av en frisk individ. Slutligen undersöks genetisk instabilitet i CD34 + celler hos en patient med akut myeloisk leukemi med hjälp av immunofluorescens mikroskopi av γH2AX och 53BP1.

Analys av γH2AX foci i cellerna är mest korrekt i fasen G0/G1 och G2 fas när γH2AX foci visas som distinkta fluorescerande prickar (figur 5A). Analys av γH2AX foci i celler under S-fasen kompliceras däremot av spridda pan-nukleära γH2AX fläckar orsakade av replikeringen (figur 5B).
Fixering av cellerna utfördes med 4% PFA (10 min) och permeabilisering med 0,1%...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Immunofluorescence Microscopy of ÃŽÂ³H2AX and 53BP1 for Analyzing the Formation and Repair of DNA Double-strand Breaks at JoVE.com

Immunofluorescence Microscopy of ÃƒÆ’Ã…Â½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â³H2AX and 53BP1 for Analyzing the Formation and Repair of DNA Double-strand Breaks

Detta manuskript ger ett protokoll för analys av DNA dubbel-strand raster genom immunofluorescens mikroskopi av γH2AX och 53BP1.

Immunofluorescens mikroskopi av γH2AX och 53BP1 för att analysera bildning och reparation av DNA dubbel-strand Breaks

DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are serious DNA lesions. Analysis of the formation and repair of DSB is relevant in a broad spectrum of research areas ...

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Immunofluorescence Microscopy of &#947;H2AX and 53BP1 for Analyzing the Formation and Repair of DNA Double-strand Breaks

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