Name: fabrication of fine electrodes on the tip of hypodermic needle using photoresist spray coating and flexible photomask for biomedical applications
Uploaded: 2017-11-28T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Fine Electrodes on the Tip of Hypodermic Needle Using Photoresist Spray Coating and Flexible Photomask for Biomedical Applications at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af "Biomedicinsk integreret Technology Research" projektet gennem tilskud fra GIST i 2017.

1. elektrisk isolering af kanyle
Bemærk: En gennemsigtig Varmekrymperør (HST) er ansat til elektrisk isolering i en kanyle, der er 720 µm i diameter og 32 mm i længden. HST er lavet af polyethylenterephthalat (PET), der viser gode kemiske bestandighed over for de fleste syrer og baser, fremragende mekanisk holdbarhed og biokompatibilitet. Indledende indre diameter og godstykkelse af HST er 840 µm og 25 µm, henholdsvis. Diameteren af HST tendens til at blive reduceret med mere end 50% ved e...

<ol>
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Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrasensitive+detection+of+E.+coli+O157:+H7+with+biofunctional+magnetic+bead+concentration+via+nanoporous+membrane+based+electrochemical+immunosensor.">Ultrasensitive detection of E. coli O157: H7 with biofunctional magnetic bead concentration via nanoporous membrane based electrochemical immunosensor.</a> Biosens Bioelectron. 41, 532-537 (2013).</li><li>Giaever, I., Keese, C. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+morphological+biosensor+for+mammalian+cells.">A morphological biosensor for mammalian cells.</a> Nature. 366 (6455), 591 (1993).</li><li>Lu, Y. -. Y., Huang, J. -. J., Huang, Y. -. J., Cheng, K. -. 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C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrical+Cell-Substrate+Impedance+Spectroscopy+Can+Monitor+Age-Grouped+Human+Adipose+Stem+Cell+Variability+During+Osteogenic+Differentiation.">Electrical Cell-Substrate Impedance Spectroscopy Can Monitor Age-Grouped Human Adipose Stem Cell Variability During Osteogenic Differentiation.</a> Stem Cells Transl Med. , (2016).</li><li>Messina, W., Fitzgerald, M., Moore, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SEM+and+ECIS+Investigation+of+Cells+Cultured+on+Nanopillar+Modified+Interdigitated+Impedance+Electrodes+for+Analysis+of+Cell+Growth+and+Cytotoxicity+of+Potential+Anticancer+Drugs.">SEM and ECIS Investigation of Cells Cultured on Nanopillar Modified Interdigitated Impedance Electrodes for Analysis of Cell Growth and Cytotoxicity of Potential Anticancer Drugs.</a> Electroanalysis. 28 (9), 2188-2195 (2016).</li><li>Abdolahad, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+resolution+diagnosis+of+cancer+cells+by+carbon+nanotube+electrical+spectroscopy.">Single-cell resolution diagnosis of cancer cells by carbon nanotube electrical spectroscopy.</a> Nanoscale. 5 (8), 3421-3427 (2013).</li><li>Lee, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+endoscope+with+integrated+transparent+bioelectronics+and+theranostic+nanoparticles+for+colon+cancer+treatment.">An endoscope with integrated transparent bioelectronics and theranostic nanoparticles for colon cancer treatment.</a> Nat Commun. 6, 10059 (2014).</li><li>Haemmerich, D., Schutt, D. J., Wright, A. S., Webster, J. G., Mahvi, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrical+conductivity+measurement+of+excised+human+metastatic+liver+tumours+before+and+after+thermal+ablation.">Electrical conductivity measurement of excised human metastatic liver tumours before and after thermal ablation.</a> Physiol Meas. 30 (5), 459 (2009).</li><li>Prakash, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ex+vivo+electrical+impedance+measurements+on+excised+hepatic+tissue+from+human+patients+with+metastatic+colorectal+cancer.">Ex vivo electrical impedance measurements on excised hepatic tissue from human patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.</a> Physiol Meas. 36 (2), 315 (2015).</li><li>Yun, J., Kim, H. W., Kim, H. -. I., Lee, J. -. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrical+impedance+spectroscopy+on+a+needle+for+safer+Veress+needle+insertion+during+laparoscopic+surgery.">Electrical impedance spectroscopy on a needle for safer Veress needle insertion during laparoscopic surgery.</a> Sens Actuator B-Chem. 250, 453-460 (2017).</li><li>Yun, J., Kim, H. W., Lee, J. -. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improvement+of+Depth+Profiling+into+Biotissues+Using+Micro+Electrical+Impedance+Spectroscopy+on+a+Needle+with+Selective+Passivation.">Improvement of Depth Profiling into Biotissues Using Micro Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy on a Needle with Selective Passivation.</a> Sensors. 16 (12), 2207 (2016).</li><li>Yun, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Micro+electrical+impedance+spectroscopy+on+a+needle+for+ex+vivo+discrimination+between+human+normal+and+cancer+renal+tissues.">Micro electrical impedance spectroscopy on a needle for ex vivo discrimination between human normal and cancer renal tissues.</a> Biomicrofluidics. 10 (3), 034109 (2016).</li><li>Kim, H. W., Yun, J., Lee, J. Z., Shin, D. G., Lee, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+Electrical+Impedance+Spectroscopy-on-a-Needle+as+a+Novel+Tool+to+Determine+Optimal+Surgical+Margin+in+Partial+Nephrectomy.">Evaluation of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy-on-a-Needle as a Novel Tool to Determine Optimal Surgical Margin in Partial Nephrectomy.</a> Adv Healthc. , (2017).</li><li>Wu, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conformal+Pad-Printing+Electrically+Conductive+Composites+onto+Thermoplastic+Hemispheres:+Toward+Sustainable+Fabrication+of+3-Cents+Volumetric+Electrically+Small+Antennas.">Conformal Pad-Printing Electrically Conductive Composites onto Thermoplastic Hemispheres: Toward Sustainable Fabrication of 3-Cents Volumetric Electrically Small Antennas.</a> PLoS One. 10 (8), e0136939 (2015).</li><li>Ahn, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+fabrication+of+thin+film+gold+resistance+temperature+detection+sensors+on+a+curved+surface+using+a+flexible+dry+film+photoresist+and+their+calibration+up+to+450&#176;+C.">Direct fabrication of thin film gold resistance temperature detection sensors on a curved surface using a flexible dry film photoresist and their calibration up to 450&#176; C.</a> C. J Micromech Microeng. 23 (6), 065031 (2013).</li><li>Goluch, E. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfluidic+method+for+in-situ+deposition+and+precision+patterning+of+thin-film+metals+on+curved+surfaces.">Microfluidic method for in-situ deposition and precision patterning of thin-film metals on curved surfaces.</a> Appl Phys Lett. 85 (16), 3629-3631 (2004).</li><li>Hu, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+degradable+polycyclic+cross-linker+for+UV-curing+nanoimprint+lithography.">A degradable polycyclic cross-linker for UV-curing nanoimprint lithography.</a> J Mater Chem C. 2 (10), 1836-1843 (2014).</li><li>Wu, J. -. T., Lai, H. -. C., Yang, S. -. Y., Huang, T. -. C., Wu, S. -. 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Vi viste, at fotolitografi, ved hjælp af spray coating og en film photomask er en realistisk metode til at fabrikere fine IDEs på den krumme overflade af en kanyle med en lille diameter på mindre end 1 mm. Både bredden og hul på IDEs er så lavt som 20 µm, og fabrikation margin fra spidsen er så lille som 680 µm. Inden for protokollen er justeringsprocessen, herunder kile fejl fjernelse, et kritisk skridt. Produktion udbyttet var over 90%, når EoN blev fremstillet individuelt gennem en streng justeringsprocessen...

Kanyler udnyttes bredt i hospitaler for biopsier og medicinafgivelse, fordi de er billige og nemme at bruge. De har også fremragende mekaniske egenskaber trods deres tynde diameter og en skarp struktur egnet til invasion. Under en biopsi er målvæv stikprøven i hule af kanyle med ultralyd vejledning1. Selvom ultralyd er fri for stråling, sikkert for fostre og gravide kvinder, og giver real-time imaging, det er svært at se organer, der er dybt inde i kroppen, især for overvægtige patienter, fordi ultralydsbølger ikke kan trænge luft eller fedtvæv2. Derudover en kirurg kan ikke erhverve dybde oplysninger fra den todimensionale ultrasonografi, der er konventionelt udnyttet i de fleste hospitaler, resulterer i behovet for flere biopsier, hvis læger mangler evner eller erfaring. I medicinafgivelse for spinal anæstesi bestemme læger, at nålen har nået den spinal plads hvis cerebrospinalvæske (CSF) løber baglæns ind i sprøjten mens du omhyggeligt indsætte nålen ind i patientens ryg. Efter tilbageløb af CSF bekræfter, indsprøjtes anæstesi stoffet i spinal plads3. Men, læger risikere gennemtrængende eller afskære nerve fibre i det spinal rum, forårsager alvorlige smerter til patienter og selv paraplegi4,5. Denne procedure kræver således, også en dygtig læge. En løsning til at overvinde og afbøde de ovennævnte vanskeligheder er at føje en navigation funktion til kanylen, så kan gives objektive oplysninger om nålens holdning. Dette ville hjælpe en læge let udføre en biopsi, drug delivery og endda en operation uden at påberåbe sig deres empirisk dom kun.
For at elektrisk lokalisere målvæv i kroppen, en kanyle, indarbejde en elektrisk impedans spektroskopi er (EIS) sensor blevet indført som EIS-på-en-nål (EoN)6. EIS-sensoren er i øjeblikket udnyttet inden for Biomedicinsk teknik til applikationer såsom DNA påvisning7,8,9, bakterier/virus påvisning10,11,12 , og analyser af celler/væv13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 , 21 , 22. den EoN kan diskriminere mellem forskellige materialer i en frekvens domæne baseret på deres elektriske ledningsevne og Permittivitet. Forskelsbehandling evne æonen blev kontrolleret for forskellige koncentrationsniveauer phosphat bufferet saltvand (PBS)23, svin fedt/muskel væv6,23, og endda menneskelige renal normal/kræft væv24 ,25. Denne evne i æonen forventes at øge betydeligt biopsi nøjagtighed ved at lokalisere målvæv baseret på forskelle i elektrisk impedans mellem læsion målvæv og de omkringliggende normale væv. I en lignende måde, undersøge forskelle i den elektrisk impedans mellem narkotika injektion plads (spinal eller epidural plads) og omgivende væv kan hjælpe læger levere en bedøvelse stof på den nøjagtige destinationsplaceringen. Desuden, EoN kan udnyttes til at elektrisk stimulere hjernen/muskel samt for at bestemme en optimal kirurgiske margin under operationer, der involverer den delvise resektion af en tumor, som delvis nephrectomistatus, til at bevare så meget normale væv som muligt.
En af de største udfordringer i realiseringen af EoN er fabrikation af elektroder på en kanyle, at have en lille krumningsradius buet overflade. Direkte metal mønstre ved hjælp af en konventionel fotolitografi proces er blevet betragtet som uegnet til fabrikation af mikro-størrelse elektroder på en buet underlag med en diameter på flere millimeter eller mindre. Hidtil har forskellige metoder, herunder conformal udskrivning26, fleksibel tør film photoresist27, mikrofluid metode28, nanoimprint litografi29og substrat-roterende litografi30, har været indført for at fabrikere metal/polymer mønstre på en buet overflade. Men der er stadig begrænsninger på grund af EoN kravene, som krævede bærematerialet med en diameter på mindre end 1 mm, total elektrode længde 20 mm og derover, bredde og kløften af elektroder spænder i titusinder mikrometer og høj volumen produktion.
I den foreliggende undersøgelse, er direkte metal mønstre ved hjælp af photoresist spray belægning og en fleksibel hinde photomask foreslået at realisere mikro-størrelse elektroder på den krumme overflade af en kanyle. Diameteren af nålen er så lille som 720 µm (22-gauge), som er almindeligt brugt til biopsier og medicinafgivelse på hospitaler. Produktion udbyttet af den foreslåede fabrikationsanlæg metode er også evalueret for at afgøre, om bulk produktionen til en overkommelig pris.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Heat shrink tube</td>
			<td>VENTION MEDICAL, Inc.</td>
			<td>103-0655</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hypodermic needle (22G)</td>
			<td>HWAJIN MEDICAL co. ltd</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>http://www.hwajinmedical.com</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heat gun</td>
			<td>Weller</td>
			<td>WHA600</td>
			<td>http://www.weller-tools.com/en/Home.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultrasonic cleaner</td>
			<td>HWASHIN INSTRUMENT CO, LTD.</td>
			<td>POWERSONIC 620-</td>
			<td>http://www.hwashin.net</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hotplate</td>
			<td>AS ONE Corporation</td>
			<td>006560</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sputtering</td>
			<td>A-Tech System. Ltd.</td>
			<td>ATS/SPT/0208F</td>
			<td>http://www.atechsystem.co.kr</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass slide</td>
			<td>Paul Marienfeld GmbH &#38; Co. KG</td>
			<td>1000412</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spray coater</td>
			<td>LITHOTEK</td>
			<td>LSC-200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Photoresist</td>
			<td>AZ electronic materials</td>
			<td>GXR 601</td>
			<td>http://www.merck-performance-materials.com/en/index.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Developer (solution)</td>
			<td>AZ electronic materials</td>
			<td>MIF 300</td>
			<td>http://www.merck-performance-materials.com/en/index.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aligner</td>
			<td>MIDAS SYSTEM CO.,Ltd.</td>
			<td>MDA-400M</td>
			<td>http://www.midas-system.com</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope</td>
			<td>NIKON Corporation</td>
			<td>L200</td>
			<td>http://www.nikonmetrology.com</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Au wet etchant</td>
			<td>TRANSENE COMPANY, Inc.</td>
			<td>Au etchant type TFA</td>
			<td>http://transene.com</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cr wet etchant</td>
			<td>KMG Electronic. Chemicals, Inc.</td>
			<td>CR-7</td>
			<td>http://kmgchemicals.com</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Au target</td>
			<td>Thin films and Fine Materials</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>http://www.thifine.co.kr</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cr target</td>
			<td>Thin films and Fine Materials</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>http://www.thifine.co.kr</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Argon gas (99.999%)</td>
			<td>SINIL Gas Co.Ltd</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>http://www.sigas.kr</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetone solution</td>
			<td>OCI Company Ltd</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>http://www.ocicorp.co.kr/company/index.asp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Impedance analyzer</td>
			<td>Gamry Instruments Inc</td>
			<td>Reference 600</td>
			<td>https://www.gamry.com</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Height Controller</td>
			<td>Mitutoyo Corporation</td>
			<td>192-613</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate buffered saline</td>
			<td>Life Technologies Corporation</td>
			<td>10010023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

fabrication of fine electrodes on the tip of hypodermic needle using photoresist spray coating and flexible photomask for biomedical applications

Vi har indført en fabrikation metode for elektrisk impedans spektroskopi (EIS) - på - en-nål (EoN: EIS på nål) til at finde målet væv i kroppen ved at måle og analysere forskellene i den elektriske impedans mellem ulige biotissues. Dette papir beskriver metoden fabrikation af fine interdigitated elektroder (IDEs) på spidsen af en kanyle, ved hjælp af en photoresist spray coating og fleksibel film photomask i fotolitografi proces. En polyethylen polyethylenterephthalatfolie (PET) Varmekrymperør (HST) med en vægtykkelse på 25 µm er ansat som isolering og passivation lag. PET HST viser en højere mekanisk holdbarhed sammenlignet med poly(p-xylylene) polymerer, som har været udbredt som en dielektrisk belægning materiale. Desuden viser HST god kemisk resistens over for de fleste syrer og baser, hvilket er en fordel for at begrænse kemiske skader EoN. Brugen af EoN foretrækkes især til karakterisering af kemikalier/biomaterialer eller fabrikation ved hjælp af sure/basic kemikalier. Opdigtet gap og bredde af IDEs er så små som 20 µm, og den samlede bredde og længde af IDEs er 400 µm og 860 µm, henholdsvis. Fabrikation margin fra spids (afstanden mellem spidsen af kanyle og udgangspunktet for IDEs) af kanylen er så lille som 680 µm, som angiver, at unødigt overdrevent invasion i biotissues kan undgås under den elektrisk impedans måling. EoN har et stort potentiale for klinisk brug, såsom skjoldbruskkirtlen biopsier og anæstesi medicinafgivelse i en spinal plads. Yderligere, selv i kirurgi, der involverer den delvise resektion af tumorer, EoN kan anvendes til at bevare så meget normale væv som muligt ved at opdage den kirurgiske margin (normale væv, der fjernes med en tumor kirurgisk excision) mellem normalitet og læsion væv.

De interdigitated elektroder (IDEs), som vist i figur 2, resultere i en større effektiv sensing område på en begrænset flade sammenlignet med andre figurer af elektroder. Den samlede længde af IDEs er designet til at være 860 µm til at registrere og analysere impedans ændringer på mindre end 1 mm mellemrum i biotissues, som vil give en høj lokalisering nøjagtighed i biopsi og drug delivery procedurer. Den samlede bredde af IDEs er 400 µm, som er e...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Fine Electrodes on the Tip of Hypodermic Needle Using Photoresist Spray Coating and Flexible Photomask for Biomedical Applications at JoVE.com

Fabrication of Fine Electrodes on the Tip of Hypodermic Needle Using Photoresist Spray Coating and Flexible Photomask for Biomedical Applications

Metoden fabrikation til fine interdigitated elektroder (gap og bredde: 20 µm) på spidsen af en kanyle (diameter: 720 µm) påvises ved hjælp af en spray coating og fleksibel film photomask i fotolitografi proces.

Fabrikation af Fine elektroder på spidsen af kanyle bruger Photoresist Spray Coating og fleksible Photomask til biomedicinske anvendelser

We have introduced a fabrication method for electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-on-a-needle (EoN: EIS-on-a-needle) to locate target tissues in the ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

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