Name: isolation and cultivation of neural progenitors followed by chromatin-immunoprecipitation of histone 3 lysine 79 dimethylation mark
Uploaded: 2018-01-26T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark at JoVE.com

Vi takker Henriette Bertemes for å etablere CGN dyrking protokollen i laboratoriet. Notatet metoden ble støttet av DFG-finansiert CRC992 medisinske Epigenetics av finansiering til TV. Forfatterne bekrefter støtte fra Freiburg Galaxy laget: Pavankumar Videm, Björn Grüning og Prof Rolf Backofen, bioinformatikk, Universitetet i Freiburg, Tyskland finansiert av samarbeidende Research Centre 992 medisinsk Epigenetics (DFG grant SFB 992/1 2012) og tysk Federal Utdannings- og forskning (BMBF grant 031 A538A RBC (de. NBI)).

Dyrevelferd komiteer av universitetet i Freiburg og lokale myndigheter godkjent alle dyreforsøk (G12/13, G16/11) nevnt i følgende protokollen.
1. forberedelser
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Forberedelser for CPC isolasjon
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<li>Sette opp tidsbestemte parring for å få embryoer på ulike stadier av cortex utvikling (mellom E11.5 og E14.5). Bruk mus for belastningen NMRI (Naval Medical Research Institute) som er minst 8 uker gamle. Etter parring, bør du vurdere en positiv vaginal plugg i E...

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	<li>Molyneaux, B. J., Arlotta, P., Menezes, J. R. L., Macklis, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuronal+subtype+specification+in+the+cerebral+cortex.">Neuronal subtype specification in the cerebral cortex.</a> Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 8, 427-437 (2007).</li><li>Kandel, E. R., Squire, L. 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Neurosci. 11, 377-388 (2010).</li><li>Davis, A. A., Temple, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+self-renewing+multipotential+stem+cell+in+embryonic+rat+cerebral+cortex.">A self-renewing multipotential stem cell in embryonic rat cerebral cortex.</a> Nature. 372, 263-266 (1994).</li><li>Sauvageot, C. M., Stiles, C. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+mechanisms+controlling+cortical+gliogenesis.">Molecular mechanisms controlling cortical gliogenesis.</a> Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 12, 244-249 (2002).</li><li>McConnell, S. K., Kaznowski, C. 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L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methylation+of+histone+H4+lysine+20+controls+recruitment+of+Crb2+to+sites+of+DNA+damage.">Methylation of histone H4 lysine 20 controls recruitment of Crb2 to sites of DNA damage.</a> Cell. 119, 603-614 (2004).</li><li>Martin, C., Zhang, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+diverse+functions+of+histone+lysine+methylation.">The diverse functions of histone lysine methylation.</a> Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 6, 838-849 (2005).</li><li>Greer, E. L., Shi, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histone+methylation:+a+dynamic+mark+in+health,+disease+and+inheritance.">Histone methylation: a dynamic mark in health, disease and inheritance.</a> Nat. Rev. Genet. 13, 343-357 (2012).</li><li>Ng, H. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lysine+methylation+within+the+globular+domain+of+histone+H3+by+Dot1+is+important+for+telomeric+silencing+and+Sir+protein+association.">Lysine methylation within the globular domain of histone H3 by Dot1 is important for telomeric silencing and Sir protein association.</a> Genes Dev. 16, 1518-1527 (2002).</li><li>Kebede, A. F., Schneider, R., Daujat, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+types+and+sites+of+histone+modifications+emerge+as+players+in+the+transcriptional+regulation+contest.">Novel types and sites of histone modifications emerge as players in the transcriptional regulation contest.</a> FEBS J. 282, 1658-1674 (2015).</li><li>Roidl, D., Hacker, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histone+methylation+during+neural+development.">Histone methylation during neural development.</a> Cell Tissue Res. 356, 539-552 (2014).</li><li>Mersfelder, E. L., Parthun, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+tale+beyond+the+tail:+histone+core+domain+modifications+and+the+regulation+of+chromatin+structure.">The tale beyond the tail: histone core domain modifications and the regulation of chromatin structure.</a> Nucleic Acids Res. 34, 2653-2662 (2006).</li><li>van Leeuwen, F., Gafken, P. R., Gottschling, D. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dot1p+Modulates+Silencing+in+Yeast+by+Methylation+of+the+Nucleosome+Core.">Dot1p Modulates Silencing in Yeast by Methylation of the Nucleosome Core.</a> Cell. 109, 745-756 (2002).</li><li>Jones, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+histone+H3K79+methyltransferase+Dot1L+is+essential+for+mammalian+development+and+heterochromatin+structure.">The histone H3K79 methyltransferase Dot1L is essential for mammalian development and heterochromatin structure.</a> PLoS Genet. 4, e1000190 (2008).</li><li>Woo Park, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RE-IIBP+Methylates+H3K79+and+Induces+MEIS1-mediated+Apoptosis+via+H2BK120+Ubiquitination+by+RNF20.">RE-IIBP Methylates H3K79 and Induces MEIS1-mediated Apoptosis via H2BK120 Ubiquitination by RNF20.</a> Sci. Rep. 5, 12485 (2015).</li><li>Vlaming, H., van Leeuwen, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+upstreams+and+downstreams+of+H3K79+methylation+by+DOT1L.">The upstreams and downstreams of H3K79 methylation by DOT1L.</a> Chromosoma. , (2016).</li><li>Jones, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+histone+H3K79+methyltransferase+Dot1L+is+essential+for+mammalian+development+and+heterochromatin+structure.">The histone H3K79 methyltransferase Dot1L is essential for mammalian development and heterochromatin structure.</a> PLoS Genet. 4, e1000190 (2008).</li><li>Feng, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+mammalian+erythropoiesis+requires+the+Dot1L+methyltransferase.">Early mammalian erythropoiesis requires the Dot1L methyltransferase.</a> Blood. 116, 4483-4491 (2010).</li><li>Cattaneo, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DOT1L-mediated+H3K79me2+modification+critically+regulates+gene+expression+during+cardiomyocyte+differentiation.">DOT1L-mediated H3K79me2 modification critically regulates gene expression during cardiomyocyte differentiation.</a> Cell Death Differ. 23, 555-564 (2016).</li><li>Zhang, Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histone+modification+mapping+in+human+brain+reveals+aberrant+expression+of+histone+H3+lysine+79+dimethylation+in+neural+tube+defects.">Histone modification mapping in human brain reveals aberrant expression of histone H3 lysine 79 dimethylation in neural tube defects.</a> Neurobiol. Dis. 54, 404-413 (2013).</li><li>B&#252;ttner, N., Johnsen, S. A., K&#252;gler, S., Vogel, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Af9/Mllt3+interferes+with+Tbr1+expression+through+epigenetic+modification+of+histone+H3K79+during+development+of+the+cerebral+cortex.">Af9/Mllt3 interferes with Tbr1 expression through epigenetic modification of histone H3K79 during development of the cerebral cortex.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 107, 7042-7047 (2010).</li><li>Roidl, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DOT1L+Activity+Promotes+Proliferation+and+Protects+Cortical+Neural+Stem+Cells+from+Activation+of+ATF4-DDIT3-Mediated+ER+Stress+In+Vitro.">DOT1L Activity Promotes Proliferation and Protects Cortical Neural Stem Cells from Activation of ATF4-DDIT3-Mediated ER Stress In Vitro.</a> Stem Cells Dayt. Ohio. 34, 233-245 (2016).</li><li>Robinson, J. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Integrative+genomics+viewer.">Integrative genomics viewer.</a> Nat. Biotechnol. 29, 24-26 (2011).</li><li>Langmead, B., Salzberg, S. 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Det er to store måter å utføre chromatin immunoprecipitation for å oppdage genomisk belegget av histone modifikasjoner, transkripsjonsfaktorer, histone koden lesere, forfattere eller viskelær. En er innfødt ChIP metoden bruker nuclease fordøyd, opprinnelige chromatin for immunoprecipitation, og den andre er presentert metoden bruker PFA-fast, skråstilte chromatin, der nucleosomes og andre DNA-vedlagt proteiner er covalently bundet til DNA 39. native brikke med sin høye antistoff oppdagels...

De sensoriske, motoriske og kognitive funksjonene hjernen er svært komplekse og utsatt for fysisk og miljømessige endringer. Hjernen består av tre generelle deler i hind-, midt- og forebrain, som er sterkt knyttet. Innen forebrain, kan telencephalon deles inn i en dorsal telencephalon (DT) og en ventrale telencephalon (VT). DT mus består av seks kortikale lag som er dannet mellom E11.5 og E18.5 i en "innsiden ut" måte1. VT inneholder de ganglionic eminences i utvikling, som senere basal ganglia2,3. Flere celletyper kan klassifiseres i pattedyr sentralnervesystemet som nerveceller, astrocyttene eller oligodendrocytes4, som utvikler seg i en temporo-romlige måte5. Først gi nevrale stamceller (NPC) opphav til ulike typer nerveceller, interneurons i VT og projeksjon neurons DT og senere på gliacellene (f.eks, astrocyttene6). Under kortikale utvikling, den mest overfladisk layer (lag jeg), som inneholder Cajal-Retzius celler, er dannet først. Deretter mellom E12.5 og E14.5 generere NPCer dypere neuronal lag (VI, V) mens mellom 14,5 og 16,5, progenitors gir opphav til øvre laget (IV-II) neurons7,8. Neuronal identitet angis ved ulike morphogen-indusert temporo-romlige transcriptional programmer og i tillegg epigenetic programmer2.
Lillehjernen som er involvert i koordinasjon, ligger i hindbrain og utvikler seg mellom E10 og grovt P20 i mus9. Den inneholder lillehjernen cortex og lillehjernen kjerner10. Voksen lillehjernen cortex består av tre lag, det ytterste molekylære laget, Purkinje celle laget og innerste granulat laget som inneholder detaljert neurons10. Lillehjernen granule cellene er de minste nervecellene og omtrent 80% av alle neurons i virveldyr hjernen11. De utvikler fra forløpere lokalisert i sonen for eksterne germinal og overføre gjennom Purkinje celle laget til deres destinasjon12. Som i telencephalon, utviklingen av lillehjernen er regulert av flere viktige morphogens, definert som har bestemte tid og plass-avhengig funksjoner og starte transcriptional programmer10.
Utviklingen av kortikale og lillehjernen lag styres av transcriptional uttrykk for bestemte morphogens, og dermed av chromatin DNA. I en forenklet visning kan chromatin stater deles inn i euchromatin som transcriptionally aktiv og heterochromatin som transcriptionally stille områder. Nucleosome som grunnleggende enhet chromatin inneholder to kopier av hver kjerne histone H2A, H2B H3 og H4, omgitt av 147 base parene DNA13. Histones er svært post-translationally endret av metylering, acetylation, fosforylering, ubiquitination, sumoylation, ADP-ribosylation, deamination og proline isomerization14,15. Histone lysin metylering anses å være den mest stabile histone endringen som styrer transkripsjon, replikering, rekombinasjon16, DNA-skade svar17og genomisk preging18. Lysines kan være mono-, di- eller tri-denaturert19 og vises ikke bare på de tilgjengelige histone haler, men også på globular domenet histones20. Bestemt methylations H3K4 og H3K36 er hovedsakelig knyttet til euchromatin, spesifikke methylations H3K9, H3K27 eller H4K20 finnes hovedsakelig i heterochromatic regioner, selv om alle rester ligger innenfor histone hale14, 19,21. H3K79 metylering ligger histone globular domenet og har blitt assosiert med transcriptional aktivitet, men også med transcriptionally inert genomisk regioner22. Endringen er evolutionarily bevart siden det har blitt observert i gjær, kalv thymus, kylling og menneskelige23. H3K79 mono og di trimethylation (H3K79me1, me2, me3) er katalysert av histone methyltransferases DOT1L24,25 og kjernefysiske angi domenet inneholder Protein 2 (Nsd2)-26. DOT1L er involvert i spredning, DNA-reparasjon og cellular reprograming27. Tap av Dot1l i mus fører til en prenatal død rundt utviklingsstadiet E10.528,29. Under utviklingen av hjertet og myocardiocyte differensiering er DOT1L viktig for gene expression regulering30. I det sentrale nervesystemet, DOT1L funksjon kan være involvert i medfødte utvikling31, er involvert i undertrykke Tbr1-uttrykk under forebrain utvikling32, og kan fungere i regulering av ER-stress svar gener33. Kontekst-avhengige aktivere eller repressing handling av H3K79me, spesielt med i vivo situasjoner som utviklingen av det sentrale nervesystemet, er hittil bare delvis forstått32. Siden H3K79 metylering ligger i globular domenet av histone 3, er det sterically mindre tilgjengelig i forhold til endringer på fleksible histone haler23. For å forstå funksjonen av H3K79 metylering, er pålitelig og reproduserbar metoder for å bestemme plasseringen og genomisk miljø nødvendig. I dette metoder papiret presentere vi isolasjon metoder for forskjellige nevrale progenitors (CPC for cortex) og CGNPs for lillehjernen, effektiv DOT1L hemmer behandling og ChIP metode til å analysere H3K79 metylering via qPCR eller sekvensering på ulike tidspunkt poeng under kortikale og lillehjernen utvikling. En oversikt over protokollen og dens muligheter, se figur 1.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-GAPDH</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab8245</td>
			<td>Category: Antibody 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Immunoblot dilution 1:5000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-H3</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab1791</td>
			<td>Category: Antibody 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Immunoblot dilution 1:3000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-H3K79me2</td>
			<td>Diagenode</td>
			<td>pAb-051-050</td>
			<td>Category: Antibody 
			Abbreviation/Comment: ChIP antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-H3K79me2</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab-051-050</td>
			<td>Category: Antibody 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Immunoblot dilution 1:1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-rabbit-IgG</td>
			<td>Diagenode</td>
			<td>C15410206</td>
			<td>Category: Antibody 
			Abbreviation/Comment: ChIP Ctrl antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Tubulin alpha</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab108629</td>
			<td>Category: Antibody 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Immunoblot dilution 1:3000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Apo-Transferrin (1 mg/ml)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T1147</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CCM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>B27 Supplement (50x)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>17504044</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CCM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bioanalyzer</td>
			<td>Agilent technologies</td>
			<td>G2940CA</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For analysis of sheared chromatin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bioruptor NextGen</td>
			<td>Diagenode</td>
			<td>B01020001</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Ultrasonicator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Boric acid pH 8.4</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>B6768</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CPC culturing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CFX Connect RT PCR Detection System</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1855201</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP Analysis 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Detection system for qPCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM-F12</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11320-033</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CGM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dynabeads Protein A</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10001D</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Magnetic beads, for ChIP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EPZ-5676</td>
			<td>Selleckchem</td>
			<td>S7062</td>
			<td>Category: DOT1L inhibition 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For DOT1L inhibition in cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid</td>
			<td>SERVA</td>
			<td>39760.01</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: EDTA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum 10% (v/v)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10082147</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CPC isolation and CGM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glucose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G5767</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CGNP isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glutathione (1.25 mg/ml)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G4251</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CCM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycine</td>
			<td>Carl Roth</td>
			<td>3187</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For cell fixation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GoTaq mastermix</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>A6002</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP Analysis 
			Abbreviation/Comment: DNA polymerase master mix for qPCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hank&#8217;s Balanced Salt Solution</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>14025-100</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: HBSS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutamine (200 mM)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>25030081</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CCM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laminin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>L2020</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CPC culturing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lithium chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>L4408</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: LiCl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N2 supplement</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>17502048</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CGM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NanoDrop 3300</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>3300</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Fluorospectrometer for DNA quantification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NEB Next Ultra DNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina</td>
			<td>NEB</td>
			<td>E7645S</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP Analysis 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Kit for Library preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NEBNext Multiplex Oligos for Illumina</td>
			<td>NEB</td>
			<td>E7335</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP Analysis 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Oligos for Library preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neurobasal medium</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>21103049</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CCM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NP-40 Alternative</td>
			<td>Calbiochem</td>
			<td>492016</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For ChIP buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Carl Roth</td>
			<td>335</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: PFA, for cell fixation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin-Neomycin 1% (v/v)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15640055</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: PSN, for CCM and CGM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate buffered saline</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>10010023</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: PBS, for CPC isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PicoGreen Kit</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>P11496</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP Analysis 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Visualizing dye for DNA quantification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly-D-lysine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P6407</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CGNP isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly-L-ornithine hydrobromide</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P3655</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CPC culturing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium chloride</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>AM9640G</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: KCl, for CGM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Protease inhibitor</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>4693159001</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For ChIP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Proteinase K</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>3115879001</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For ChIP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Qiagen MinElute</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>28004</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Kit for DNA purification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RNAse</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>R6513</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For ChIP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SGC0946</td>
			<td>Selleckchem</td>
			<td>S7079</td>
			<td>Category: DOT1L inhibition 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For DOT1L inhibition in cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td>
			<td>Carl Roth</td>
			<td>8551.1</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: for Elution buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium chloride</td>
			<td>Carl Roth</td>
			<td>9265</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: NaCl, for ChIP buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium deoxycholate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>30970</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For ChIP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium dodecylsulfate</td>
			<td>Carl Roth</td>
			<td>183</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: SDS, for ChIP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sonic hedgehock (SHH)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>SRP6004</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CGNP isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Superoxide dismutase (1mg/ml)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S7571</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CCM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane</td>
			<td>Carl Roth</td>
			<td>9090</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: TRIS, for ChIP buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Carl Roth</td>
			<td>X100</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For ChIP buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin-EDTA 0,05% (w/v)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>59417C</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CPC isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween20</td>
			<td>Carl Roth</td>
			<td>28320</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For bead preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">Other Lab devices: Neubauer counting chamber, Incubator, Rotator, Shaker, Disection set, Water bath</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CCM: Cortical cell medium</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CGM: CGNP cell culture medium</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation and cultivation of neural progenitors followed by chromatin-immunoprecipitation of histone 3 lysine 79 dimethylation mark

Hjernens utvikling er en kompleks prosess, som er kontrollert i en temporo-romlige måte av grader av morphogens og forskjellige transcriptional programmer. I tillegg har epigenetic chromatin modifikasjoner, som histone metylering, en viktig rolle for å etablere og opprettholde bestemt celle skjebne i denne prosessen. Majoriteten av histone metylering oppstår på fleksible histone halen, som er tilgjengelig for histone modifikatorer, viskelær og histone leser proteiner. Derimot H3K79 metylering ligger i globular domenet av histone 3 og er involvert i ulike utviklingsmessige funksjoner. H3K79 metylering er evolutionarily bevart og kan finnes i en rekke arter fra Homo sapiens til Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Endringen skjer i ulike celle populasjoner i organismer, inkludert nevrale progenitors. Plasseringen av H3K79 metylering i globular domenet av histone 3 gjør det vanskelig å vurdere. Her presenterer vi metoder å isolere og kultur kortikale stamfar celler (CPC) fra embryonale kortikale hjernevev (E11.5-E14.5) eller lillehjernen detaljert Nevron progenitors (CGNPs) fra postnatal vev (P5-P7) og effektivt immunoprecipitate H3K79me2 for kvantitative PCR (qPCR) og genom hele sekvensering.

Generelle ordningen av nevrale isolasjon, dyrking, H3K79me2 ChIP og ChIP analyseteknologi: Figur 1 viser et flytskjema for å utføre H3K79me2 ChIP kortikale progenitor celler på ulike tidspunkt under embryonale hjernens utvikling eller lillehjernen detaljert Nevron progenitors i postnatal stadier. Som et første skritt, hjernen isoleres og telencephalon (mellom E11.5 og E14.5) eller lillehjernen (P5-P7) hentes. Det er mulig å analysere de ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark at JoVE.com

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

Isolasjon og dyrking av nevrale Progenitors etterfulgt av Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation av Histone 3 lysin 79 Dimethylation

Vi presenterer en effektiv og reproduserbar metode for å isolere og kultur nevrale stamceller fra embryonale og postnatal hjernevev for chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) av histone 3 lysin 79 dimethylation (H3K79me2) - et histone merke ligger i globular domener av histone 3.

Brain development is a complex process, which is controlled in a temporo-spatial manner by gradients of morphogens and different transcriptional programs. ...

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Production of Chick Embryo Extract for the Cultivation of Murine Neural Crest Stem Cells

The neural crest arises from the neuro-ectoderm during embryogenesis and persists only temporarily. Early experiments already proofed pluripotent ...

Physiological, Morphological and Neurochemical Characterization of Neurons Modulated by Movement

The role of individual neurons and their function in neuronal circuits is fundamental to understanding the neuronal mechanisms of sensory and motor ...

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Dorsal Root Ganglia Tissue following Axonal Injury

Axons in the central nervous system (CNS) do not regenerate while those in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) do regenerate 
to a limited extent after ...

Detection of Microregional Hypoxia in Mouse Cerebral Cortex by Two-photon Imaging of Endogenous NADH Fluorescence

Påvisning av Microregional Hypoksi i Mus Cerebral Cortex av to-foton Imaging av endogen NADH Fluorescence

The brain's ability to function at high levels of metabolic demand depends on continuous oxygen supply through blood flow and tissue oxygen diffusion. ...

Reproducible Mouse Sciatic Nerve Crush and Subsequent Assessment of Regeneration by Whole Mount Muscle Analysis

Reproduserbar Mouse hoftenervene Crush og påfølgende vurdering av Regeneration av Whole Mount Muscle Analysis

Regeneration in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is widely studied both for its relevance to human disease and to understand the robust regenerative ...

Isolation and Culture of Rat Embryonic Neural Cells: A Quick Protocol

Isolering og kultur Rat Embryonale nevrale celler: En rask protokoll

We are describing a quick method to dissociate and culture hippocampal or cortical neurons from E15-17 rat embryos. The procedure can be applied ...

Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Cells from Embryonic Murine Neural Tube

Isolering og kultur neural crest Celler fra Embryonic murin Neural Tube

The embryonic neural crest (NC) is a multipotent progenitor population that originates at the dorsal aspect of the neural tube, undergoes an epithelial to ...

An Optimized Procedure for Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting (FACS) Isolation of Autonomic Neural Progenitors from Visceral Organs of Fetal Mice

An Optimized Procedure for Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting FACS Isolation of Autonomic Neural Progenitors from Visceral Organs of Fetal Mice

En Optimalisert Prosedyre for fluorescens-aktivert Cell Sorting (FACS) Isolering av Autonome Neural stamfedre fra Visceral organer Fetal Mus

During development neural crest (NC)-derived neuronal progenitors migrate away from the neural tube to form autonomic ganglia in visceral organs like the ...

Promotion of Survival and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells with Fibrin and Growth Factor Cocktails after Severe Spinal Cord Injury

Promotion of Survival og Differensiering av nevrale stamceller med fibrin og vekstfaktor Cocktails etter alvorlig ryggmargsskade

Neural stem cells (NSCs) can self-renew and differentiate into neurons and glia. Transplanted NSCs can replace lost neurons and glia after spinal cord ...

A Quantitative Cell Migration Assay for Murine Enteric Neural Progenitors

En kvantitativ Cell Migration analysen for Murine resistente Neural stamceller

Neural crest cells (NCC) are a transient and multipotent cell population that originates from the dorsal neural tube and migrates extensively throughout ...