Name: isolation and cultivation of neural progenitors followed by chromatin-immunoprecipitation of histone 3 lysine 79 dimethylation mark
Uploaded: 2018-01-26T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark at JoVE.com

Henriette Bertemes laboratuar CGN ekimi protokolde kurmak için yardım ettiğin için teşekkür ederim. Bu yöntem kağıt DFG tarafından finanse edilen CRC992 tıbbi epigenetik tarafından TV için fon tarafından desteklenmiştir. Yazarlar Freiburg Galaxy takım destek kabul: Pavankumar Videm, Björn Grüning ve Prof. Dr. Rolf Backofen, Biyoinformatik, Freiburg Üniversitesi, Almanya ortak araştırma merkezi 992 tıbbi epigenetik tarafından (DFG grant SFB 992/1 2012) finanse ve Alman Federal Bakanlığı Eğitim ve araştırma (BMBF grant 031 A538A RBC (de. NBI)).

Hayvan refahı Komiteler Freiburg Üniversitesi ve yerel yönetimler aşağıdaki iletişim kuralında belirtilen tüm hayvan deneyleri (G12/13, G16/11) onayladı.
1. hazırlıkları
<ol><li>
TBM yalıtım hazırlıkları
	<ol>
<li>(E11.5-E14.5 arası) korteks gelişiminin farklı aşamalarında embriyo elde etmek için çiftleşme Zamanı ayarlanmış kurmak. En az 8 hafta eski olan fareler baskı NMRI (deniz Tıbbi Araştırma Enstitüsü) kullanın. Çiftleşmeden sonra e...

<ol>
	<li>Molyneaux, B. J., Arlotta, P., Menezes, J. R. L., Macklis, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuronal+subtype+specification+in+the+cerebral+cortex.">Neuronal subtype specification in the cerebral cortex.</a> Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 8, 427-437 (2007).</li><li>Kandel, E. R., Squire, L. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuroscience:+breaking+down+scientific+barriers+to+the+study+of+brain+and+mind.">Neuroscience: breaking down scientific barriers to the study of brain and mind.</a> Science. 290, 1113-1120 (2000).</li><li>G&#246;tz, M., Sommer, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cortical+development:+the+art+of+generating+cell+diversity.">Cortical development: the art of generating cell diversity.</a> Dev. Camb. Engl. 132, 3327 (2005).</li><li>Hirabayashi, Y., Gotoh, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epigenetic+control+of+neural+precursor+cell+fate+during+development.">Epigenetic control of neural precursor cell fate during development.</a> Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 11, 377-388 (2010).</li><li>Davis, A. A., Temple, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+self-renewing+multipotential+stem+cell+in+embryonic+rat+cerebral+cortex.">A self-renewing multipotential stem cell in embryonic rat cerebral cortex.</a> Nature. 372, 263-266 (1994).</li><li>Sauvageot, C. M., Stiles, C. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+mechanisms+controlling+cortical+gliogenesis.">Molecular mechanisms controlling cortical gliogenesis.</a> Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 12, 244-249 (2002).</li><li>McConnell, S. K., Kaznowski, C. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+cycle+dependence+of+laminar+determination+in+developing+neocortex.">Cell cycle dependence of laminar determination in developing neocortex.</a> Science. 254, 282-285 (1991).</li><li>Desai, A. R., McConnell, S. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progressive+restriction+in+fate+potential+by+neural+progenitors+during+cerebral+cortical+development.">Progressive restriction in fate potential by neural progenitors during cerebral cortical development.</a> Dev. Camb. Engl. 127, 2863-2872 (2000).</li><li>Glickstein, M., Strata, P., Voogd, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebellum:+history.">Cerebellum: history.</a> Neuroscience. 162, 549-559 (2009).</li><li>Marzban, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cellular+commitment+in+the+developing+cerebellum.">Cellular commitment in the developing cerebellum.</a> Front. Cell. Neurosci. 8, (2015).</li><li>Azevedo, F. A. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Equal+numbers+of+neuronal+and+nonneuronal+cells+make+the+human+brain+an+isometrically+scaled-up+primate+brain.">Equal numbers of neuronal and nonneuronal cells make the human brain an isometrically scaled-up primate brain.</a> J. Comp. Neurol. 513, 532-541 (2009).</li><li>Machold, R., Fishell, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Math1+is+expressed+in+temporally+discrete+pools+of+cerebellar+rhombic-lip+neural+progenitors.">Math1 is expressed in temporally discrete pools of cerebellar rhombic-lip neural progenitors.</a> Neuron. 48, 17-24 (2005).</li><li>Luger, K., M&#228;der, A. W., Richmond, R. K., Sargent, D. F., Richmond, T. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Crystal+structure+of+the+nucleosome+core+particle+at+2.8+A+resolution.">Crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle at 2.8 A resolution.</a> Nature. 389, 251-260 (1997).</li><li>Kouzarides, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chromatin+modifications+and+their+function.">Chromatin modifications and their function.</a> Cell. 128, 693-705 (2007).</li><li>Zhang, Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histone+modification+mapping+in+human+brain+reveals+aberrant+expression+of+histone+H3+lysine+79+dimethylation+in+neural+tube+defects.">Histone modification mapping in human brain reveals aberrant expression of histone H3 lysine 79 dimethylation in neural tube defects.</a> Neurobiol. Dis. 54, 404-413 (2013).</li><li>Zhang, Y., Reinberg, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcription+regulation+by+histone+methylation:+interplay+between+different+covalent+modifications+of+the+core+histone+tails.">Transcription regulation by histone methylation: interplay between different covalent modifications of the core histone tails.</a> Genes Dev. 15, 2343-2360 (2001).</li><li>Sanders, S. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methylation+of+histone+H4+lysine+20+controls+recruitment+of+Crb2+to+sites+of+DNA+damage.">Methylation of histone H4 lysine 20 controls recruitment of Crb2 to sites of DNA damage.</a> Cell. 119, 603-614 (2004).</li><li>Martin, C., Zhang, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+diverse+functions+of+histone+lysine+methylation.">The diverse functions of histone lysine methylation.</a> Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 6, 838-849 (2005).</li><li>Greer, E. L., Shi, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histone+methylation:+a+dynamic+mark+in+health,+disease+and+inheritance.">Histone methylation: a dynamic mark in health, disease and inheritance.</a> Nat. Rev. Genet. 13, 343-357 (2012).</li><li>Ng, H. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lysine+methylation+within+the+globular+domain+of+histone+H3+by+Dot1+is+important+for+telomeric+silencing+and+Sir+protein+association.">Lysine methylation within the globular domain of histone H3 by Dot1 is important for telomeric silencing and Sir protein association.</a> Genes Dev. 16, 1518-1527 (2002).</li><li>Kebede, A. F., Schneider, R., Daujat, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+types+and+sites+of+histone+modifications+emerge+as+players+in+the+transcriptional+regulation+contest.">Novel types and sites of histone modifications emerge as players in the transcriptional regulation contest.</a> FEBS J. 282, 1658-1674 (2015).</li><li>Roidl, D., Hacker, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histone+methylation+during+neural+development.">Histone methylation during neural development.</a> Cell Tissue Res. 356, 539-552 (2014).</li><li>Mersfelder, E. L., Parthun, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+tale+beyond+the+tail:+histone+core+domain+modifications+and+the+regulation+of+chromatin+structure.">The tale beyond the tail: histone core domain modifications and the regulation of chromatin structure.</a> Nucleic Acids Res. 34, 2653-2662 (2006).</li><li>van Leeuwen, F., Gafken, P. R., Gottschling, D. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dot1p+Modulates+Silencing+in+Yeast+by+Methylation+of+the+Nucleosome+Core.">Dot1p Modulates Silencing in Yeast by Methylation of the Nucleosome Core.</a> Cell. 109, 745-756 (2002).</li><li>Jones, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+histone+H3K79+methyltransferase+Dot1L+is+essential+for+mammalian+development+and+heterochromatin+structure.">The histone H3K79 methyltransferase Dot1L is essential for mammalian development and heterochromatin structure.</a> PLoS Genet. 4, e1000190 (2008).</li><li>Woo Park, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RE-IIBP+Methylates+H3K79+and+Induces+MEIS1-mediated+Apoptosis+via+H2BK120+Ubiquitination+by+RNF20.">RE-IIBP Methylates H3K79 and Induces MEIS1-mediated Apoptosis via H2BK120 Ubiquitination by RNF20.</a> Sci. Rep. 5, 12485 (2015).</li><li>Vlaming, H., van Leeuwen, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+upstreams+and+downstreams+of+H3K79+methylation+by+DOT1L.">The upstreams and downstreams of H3K79 methylation by DOT1L.</a> Chromosoma. , (2016).</li><li>Jones, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+histone+H3K79+methyltransferase+Dot1L+is+essential+for+mammalian+development+and+heterochromatin+structure.">The histone H3K79 methyltransferase Dot1L is essential for mammalian development and heterochromatin structure.</a> PLoS Genet. 4, e1000190 (2008).</li><li>Feng, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+mammalian+erythropoiesis+requires+the+Dot1L+methyltransferase.">Early mammalian erythropoiesis requires the Dot1L methyltransferase.</a> Blood. 116, 4483-4491 (2010).</li><li>Cattaneo, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DOT1L-mediated+H3K79me2+modification+critically+regulates+gene+expression+during+cardiomyocyte+differentiation.">DOT1L-mediated H3K79me2 modification critically regulates gene expression during cardiomyocyte differentiation.</a> Cell Death Differ. 23, 555-564 (2016).</li><li>Zhang, Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histone+modification+mapping+in+human+brain+reveals+aberrant+expression+of+histone+H3+lysine+79+dimethylation+in+neural+tube+defects.">Histone modification mapping in human brain reveals aberrant expression of histone H3 lysine 79 dimethylation in neural tube defects.</a> Neurobiol. Dis. 54, 404-413 (2013).</li><li>B&#252;ttner, N., Johnsen, S. A., K&#252;gler, S., Vogel, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Af9/Mllt3+interferes+with+Tbr1+expression+through+epigenetic+modification+of+histone+H3K79+during+development+of+the+cerebral+cortex.">Af9/Mllt3 interferes with Tbr1 expression through epigenetic modification of histone H3K79 during development of the cerebral cortex.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 107, 7042-7047 (2010).</li><li>Roidl, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DOT1L+Activity+Promotes+Proliferation+and+Protects+Cortical+Neural+Stem+Cells+from+Activation+of+ATF4-DDIT3-Mediated+ER+Stress+In+Vitro.">DOT1L Activity Promotes Proliferation and Protects Cortical Neural Stem Cells from Activation of ATF4-DDIT3-Mediated ER Stress In Vitro.</a> Stem Cells Dayt. Ohio. 34, 233-245 (2016).</li><li>Robinson, J. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Integrative+genomics+viewer.">Integrative genomics viewer.</a> Nat. Biotechnol. 29, 24-26 (2011).</li><li>Langmead, B., Salzberg, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fast+gapped-read+alignment+with+Bowtie+2.">Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2.</a> Nat. Methods. 9, 357-359 (2012).</li><li>Zhang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Model-based+Analysis+of+ChIP-Seq+(MACS).">Model-based Analysis of ChIP-Seq (MACS).</a> Genome Biol. 9, R137 (2008).</li><li>Ram&#237;rez, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=deepTools2:+a+next+generation+web+server+for+deep-sequencing+data+analysis.">deepTools2: a next generation web server for deep-sequencing data analysis.</a> Nucleic Acids Res. 44, W160-W165 (2016).</li><li>Roidl, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Histone modifications during cerebral cortex development. , (2015).</li><li>Turner, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ChIP+with+Native+Chromatin:+Advantages+and+Problems+Relative+to+Methods+Using+Cross-Linked+Material.">ChIP with Native Chromatin: Advantages and Problems Relative to Methods Using Cross-Linked Material.</a> Mapping Protein/DNA Interactions by Cross-Linking. , (2001).</li><li>Dincman, T. A., Beare, J. E., Ohri, S. S., Whittemore, S. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+cortical+mouse+oligodendrocyte+precursor+cells.">Isolation of cortical mouse oligodendrocyte precursor cells.</a> J. Neurosci. Methods. 209, 219-226 (2012).</li></ol>

Histon değişiklikler, transkripsiyon faktörleri, Histon Kodu okuyucular, yazarlar veya silgi genomik doluluk algılamaya Kromatin immunoprecipitation gerçekleştirmek için iki ana yolu vardır. Bir sindirilmiş, nükleaz için immunoprecipitation, yerel Kromatin kullanarak yerel çip yöntem ve diğer içinde oluşturarlar ve diğer DNA bağlı proteinler kovalent DNA'yı bağlı olduğu İngiltere'de yılın sabit, yamultulmuş Kromatin kullanarak sunulan yöntemdir 39. yerli küçük parça...

Beynin duyusal, motor ve Bilişsel işlevler son derece karmaşık ve fiziksel ve çevresel değişikliklere duyarlı. Beyin üç genel parçalar hind-, orta-ve ön, hangi derin bağlı oluşur. Ön içinde telencephalon dorsal telencephalon (DT) ve ventral telencephalon (VT) bölünmüş olabilir. DT farelerin, E11.5 ve E18.5 arasında bir "Inside-out" şekilde1' de kurulan altı kortikal Katmanlar oluşur. VT ganglionic efendiler gelişmede, daha sonra Bazal gangliyon2,3formu içerir. Çeşitli hücre tiplerinin nöronlar, astrocytes veya oligodendrocytes4, gibi memeli merkez sinir sisteminde temporo-kayma şekilde5' te geliştirmek sınıflandırılabilir. İlk olarak, nöral progenitör hücre (NPCs) nöronlar, interneurons VT ve projeksiyon nöronların farklı türde DT ve daha sonra üzerine gliyal hücreler (örneğin, astrocytes6) ortaya çıkmasına. Sırasında kortikal gelişim, en yüzeysel Katmanı (katman ben), hangi Cajal Retzius hücreleri içeren ilk oluşturulur. O zaman, E12.5 ve E14.5 arasında NPCs derin nöronal katmanları (VI, V) iken üst katmanı (IV-II) nöronlar7,814.5 ve 16.5, ataları vermek yükselişi arasında oluşturmak. Nöronal kimlik farklı morphogen kaynaklı temporo-kayma transkripsiyon program tarafından ve ayrıca epigenetik programları2tarafından belirtilir.
Motor koordinasyon içinde karıştığı, beyincik, arka beyin içinde yer alan ve E10 ve kabaca P20 arasında fare9' geliştirir. Serebellar korteksin ve serebellar çekirdeği10içerir. Yetişkin serebellar korteksin üç kat, en dıştaki moleküler katmanı, Purkinje hücre katmanı ve taneli nöronlar10içeren en içteki taneli katman oluşur. Serebellar granül hücre en küçük nöronlar vardır ve tüm omurgalı beyin11nöronlarda yaklaşık % 80'i temsil eder. Onlar üzerinden dış germinal bölgede bulunan öncüleri geliştirmek ve onların hedef12Purkinje hücre katmanı üzerinden göç. Telencephalon, beyincik geliştirilmesi birkaç önemli morfojenlerdeki tarafından düzenlenmiştir gibi hangi-si olmak belirli zaman ve uzay bağımlı görev ve başlatmak transkripsiyon programlar10tanımlı.
Kortikal ve serebellar katmanları gelişimi belirli morfojenlerdeki transkripsiyon ifadesi tarafından ve böylece, DNA'ın Kromatin devlet tarafından kontrol edilir. Basitleştirilmiş bir görünümde, Kromatin Birleşik transcriptionally etkin olarak euchromatin ve heterochromatin transcriptionally sessiz bölgeleri olarak ayrılabilir. Kromatin temel birim olarak nucleosome her çekirdek Histon H2A, H2B, H3 ve H4, DNA13147 baz çifti tarafından çevrili iki kopyasını içerir. Histon metilasyonu, asetilasyon, fosforilasyon, ubiquitination, sumoylation, ADP-ribosylation, Deaminasyon ve prolin isomerization14,15tarafından son derece post-translationally değiştirilir. Histon lizin metilasyonu transkripsiyon, çoğaltma, Rekombinasyon16, DNA hasarı yanıt17ve genomik sürecinden18denetler en istikrarlı Histon değişiklik olarak kabul edilir. Lysines mono-, di- veya üç metillenmiş19 olması ve sadece erişilebilir Histon kuyrukları üzerinde aynı zamanda Histon20küresel etki alanı içinde görünür. H3K4 ve H3K36 belirli methylations euchromatin ile ilişkili, belirli methylations H3K9, H3K27 veya H4K20-esas olarak bulundu heterochromatic bölgelerde, her ne kadar tüm artıkları Histon kuyruk14içinde, yer alan 19,21. H3K79 metilasyonu Histon küresel etki alanı içinde yer alan ve transkripsiyon etkinlik, ama aynı zamanda transcriptionally etkisiz genomik bölgeleri22ile ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Maya, buzağı timus, tavuk ve insan23gözlenmiştir beri değişiklik örümceklerle korunmuş. H3K79 mono, di ve trimethylation (H3K79me1, me2, me3), Histon methyltransferases DOT1L24,25 ve26nükleer SET etki alanını içeren Protein 2 (Nsd2) tarafından katalize. DOT1L nükleer silahların yayılmasına karşı DNA tamiri ve27REPROGRAMING hücresel karıştığı. Dot1l kaybı farelerde çevresinde gelişimsel sahne E10.528,29doğum öncesi bir ölüme yol açar. Kalp Geliştirme sırasında ve myocardiocyte ayrımında DOT1L gen ifade Yönetmeliği30için esastır. Merkezi sinir sistemi DOT1L işlevi Nöral tüp geliştirme31' karıştığı, Tbr1bastırmak ilgilenmektedir-ön geliştirme32sırasında ifade ve ER-stres yönetmelikte çalışmayabilir Yanıt genler33. İçerik bağımlı etkinleştirme veya özellikle merkezi sinir sistemi gelişimi gibi vivo içinde durumlar ile H3K79me, bastırmak eylem için kısmen32anladım sadece tarihidir. H3K79 metilasyonu Histon 3 küresel etki alanında bulunduğundan, bu sterically daha az esnek Histon kuyrukları23değişiklikler ile karşılaştırıldığında erişilemez. H3K79 metilasyonu işlevini anlamak için güvenilir ve tekrarlanabilir analiz yöntemleri konumu ve genomik çevre belirlemek için gereklidir. Bu yöntemleri yazıda, biz izolasyon yöntemleri farklı sinirsel ataları (korteks için TBM'ler) ve CGNPs için beyincik, etkili DOT1L inhibitörü tedavisi ve bir çip yöntem H3K79 metilasyonu yolu ile qPCR ya da sıralama farklı zamanda analiz etmek için mevcut Puan kortikal ve serebellar geliştirme sırasında. Protokol ve olanakların genel bakış için bkz: şekil 1.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-GAPDH</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab8245</td>
			<td>Category: Antibody 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Immunoblot dilution 1:5000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-H3</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab1791</td>
			<td>Category: Antibody 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Immunoblot dilution 1:3000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-H3K79me2</td>
			<td>Diagenode</td>
			<td>pAb-051-050</td>
			<td>Category: Antibody 
			Abbreviation/Comment: ChIP antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-H3K79me2</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab-051-050</td>
			<td>Category: Antibody 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Immunoblot dilution 1:1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-rabbit-IgG</td>
			<td>Diagenode</td>
			<td>C15410206</td>
			<td>Category: Antibody 
			Abbreviation/Comment: ChIP Ctrl antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Tubulin alpha</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab108629</td>
			<td>Category: Antibody 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Immunoblot dilution 1:3000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Apo-Transferrin (1 mg/ml)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T1147</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CCM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>B27 Supplement (50x)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>17504044</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CCM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bioanalyzer</td>
			<td>Agilent technologies</td>
			<td>G2940CA</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For analysis of sheared chromatin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bioruptor NextGen</td>
			<td>Diagenode</td>
			<td>B01020001</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Ultrasonicator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Boric acid pH 8.4</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>B6768</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CPC culturing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CFX Connect RT PCR Detection System</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1855201</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP Analysis 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Detection system for qPCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM-F12</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11320-033</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CGM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dynabeads Protein A</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10001D</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Magnetic beads, for ChIP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EPZ-5676</td>
			<td>Selleckchem</td>
			<td>S7062</td>
			<td>Category: DOT1L inhibition 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For DOT1L inhibition in cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid</td>
			<td>SERVA</td>
			<td>39760.01</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: EDTA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum 10% (v/v)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10082147</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CPC isolation and CGM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glucose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G5767</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CGNP isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glutathione (1.25 mg/ml)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G4251</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CCM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycine</td>
			<td>Carl Roth</td>
			<td>3187</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For cell fixation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GoTaq mastermix</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>A6002</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP Analysis 
			Abbreviation/Comment: DNA polymerase master mix for qPCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hank&#8217;s Balanced Salt Solution</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>14025-100</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: HBSS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutamine (200 mM)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>25030081</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CCM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laminin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>L2020</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CPC culturing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lithium chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>L4408</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: LiCl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N2 supplement</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>17502048</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CGM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NanoDrop 3300</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>3300</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Fluorospectrometer for DNA quantification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NEB Next Ultra DNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina</td>
			<td>NEB</td>
			<td>E7645S</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP Analysis 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Kit for Library preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NEBNext Multiplex Oligos for Illumina</td>
			<td>NEB</td>
			<td>E7335</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP Analysis 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Oligos for Library preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neurobasal medium</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>21103049</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CCM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NP-40 Alternative</td>
			<td>Calbiochem</td>
			<td>492016</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For ChIP buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Carl Roth</td>
			<td>335</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: PFA, for cell fixation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin-Neomycin 1% (v/v)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15640055</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: PSN, for CCM and CGM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate buffered saline</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>10010023</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: PBS, for CPC isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PicoGreen Kit</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>P11496</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP Analysis 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Visualizing dye for DNA quantification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly-D-lysine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P6407</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CGNP isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly-L-ornithine hydrobromide</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P3655</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CPC culturing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium chloride</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>AM9640G</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: KCl, for CGM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Protease inhibitor</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>4693159001</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For ChIP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Proteinase K</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>3115879001</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For ChIP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Qiagen MinElute</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>28004</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: Kit for DNA purification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RNAse</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>R6513</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For ChIP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SGC0946</td>
			<td>Selleckchem</td>
			<td>S7079</td>
			<td>Category: DOT1L inhibition 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For DOT1L inhibition in cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td>
			<td>Carl Roth</td>
			<td>8551.1</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: for Elution buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium chloride</td>
			<td>Carl Roth</td>
			<td>9265</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: NaCl, for ChIP buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium deoxycholate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>30970</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For ChIP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium dodecylsulfate</td>
			<td>Carl Roth</td>
			<td>183</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: SDS, for ChIP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sonic hedgehock (SHH)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>SRP6004</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CGNP isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Superoxide dismutase (1mg/ml)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S7571</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CCM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane</td>
			<td>Carl Roth</td>
			<td>9090</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: TRIS, for ChIP buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Carl Roth</td>
			<td>X100</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For ChIP buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin-EDTA 0,05% (w/v)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>59417C</td>
			<td>Category: Cell culture 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For CPC isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween20</td>
			<td>Carl Roth</td>
			<td>28320</td>
			<td>Category: ChIP 
			Abbreviation/Comment: For bead preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">Other Lab devices: Neubauer counting chamber, Incubator, Rotator, Shaker, Disection set, Water bath</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CCM: Cortical cell medium</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CGM: CGNP cell culture medium</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation and cultivation of neural progenitors followed by chromatin-immunoprecipitation of histone 3 lysine 79 dimethylation mark

Beyin gelişimi temporo-kayma bir şekilde morfojenlerdeki ve farklı transkripsiyon programları gradyanlar tarafından kontrol edilir karmaşık bir süreçtir. Ayrıca, gibi Histon metilasyonu, epigenetik Kromatin değişiklikler kurulması ve belirli hücre kaderi bu işlemde sürdürmek için önemli bir role sahiptir. Histon metilasyonu büyük çoğunluğu Histon değiştiriciler, silgi ve Histon okuyucu proteinlerin erişilebilen esnek Histon kuyruk üzerinde oluşur. Buna ek olarak, H3K79 metilasyonu Histon 3 küresel etki alanında bulunan ve farklı gelişim işlevlerinde karıştığı. H3K79 metilasyonu örümceklerle korunmuş ve türlerin geniş bir Homo sapiens Saccharomyces cerevisiaeiçin bulunabilir. Farklı hücre popülasyonlarının sinirsel ataları da dahil içinde değişiklik oluşur. Histon 3 küresel etki alanında H3K79 metilasyonu konumunu değerlendirmek zorlaştırır. Burada, biz izole etmek için yöntemler mevcut ve embriyonik kortikal beyin dokusu (E11.5-E14.5) veya serebellar taneli nöron ataları (CGNPs) Doğum sonrası doku (P5-P7) ve verimli bir şekilde immunoprecipitate (TBM) kültür kortikal progenitör hücre Kantitatif PCR (qPCR) ve genom çapındaki sıralama için H3K79me2.

Nöral progenitör yalıtım, ekimi, H3K79me2 ChIP ve çipi analiz yöntemleri genel düzeni: H3K79me2 çip kortikal progenitör hücre embriyonik beyin gelişimi sırasında farklı zaman noktalarda veya serebellar taneli nöron ataları, postnatal aşamalarında gerçekleştirmek için bir akış şeması şekil 1 gösterir. Bir ilk adım olarak beyin izole olmak zorunda ve telencephalon (E11.5-E14.5 arası) veya beyincik (P5-P7) alınması...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark at JoVE.com

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

Yalıtım ve sinirsel ataları Kromatin-Immunoprecipitation Histon 3 lizin 79 Dimethylation Mark tarafından takip tarımı

Biz yalıtmak ve nöral progenitör hücreler embriyonik ve postnatal beyin dokusundan Kromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Histon 3 lizin 79 dimethylation (H3K79me2) - içinde yer alan bir Histon işareti için kültür için etkili ve tekrarlanabilir bir yöntem mevcut Histon 3 küresel etki alanı.

Brain development is a complex process, which is controlled in a temporo-spatial manner by gradients of morphogens and different transcriptional programs. ...

Research

Education

JoVE Journal

JoVE Core

Molecular Biology

Neuroscience

Unit 2

Analyzing Gene Expression and Function

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

Production of Chick Embryo Extract for the Cultivation of Murine Neural Crest Stem Cells

Civciv Embriyo Özü murin Sinir Crest Kök Hücre Yetiştiriciliği Üretimi

The neural crest arises from the neuro-ectoderm during embryogenesis and persists only temporarily. Early experiments already proofed pluripotent ...

Physiological, Morphological and Neurochemical Characterization of Neurons Modulated by Movement

Hareketi tarafından Modülasyonlu Nöronlar Fizyolojik, Morfolojik ve nörokimyasal Karakterizasyonu

The role of individual neurons and their function in neuronal circuits is fundamental to understanding the neuronal mechanisms of sensory and motor ...

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Dorsal Root Ganglia Tissue following Axonal Injury

Kromatin Aksonal Yaralanma Dorsal Kök Ganglia Doku Immunoprecipitation

Axons in the central nervous system (CNS) do not regenerate while those in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) do regenerate 
to a limited extent after ...

Detection of Microregional Hypoxia in Mouse Cerebral Cortex by Two-photon Imaging of Endogenous NADH Fluorescence

Endojen NADH Floresans iki-foton Imaging tarafından Fare Serebral Korteks olarak Microregional Hipoksi Algılama

The brain's ability to function at high levels of metabolic demand depends on continuous oxygen supply through blood flow and tissue oxygen diffusion. ...

Reproducible Mouse Sciatic Nerve Crush and Subsequent Assessment of Regeneration by Whole Mount Muscle Analysis

Tüm Dağı Muscle Analizi ile tekrarlanabilir Fare Siyatik Sinir Ezilme ve Rejenerasyon daha sonraki Değerlendirme

Regeneration in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is widely studied both for its relevance to human disease and to understand the robust regenerative ...

Isolation and Culture of Rat Embryonic Neural Cells: A Quick Protocol

Sıçan Embriyonik Nöral Hücre İzolasyonu ve Kültür: Bir Hızlı Protokol

We are describing a quick method to dissociate and culture hippocampal or cortical neurons from E15-17 rat embryos. The procedure can be applied ...

Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Cells from Embryonic Murine Neural Tube

Embriyonik Mürin Nöral Tüp çıkan sinirsel Crest Hücre İzolasyonu ve Kültür

The embryonic neural crest (NC) is a multipotent progenitor population that originates at the dorsal aspect of the neural tube, undergoes an epithelial to ...

An Optimized Procedure for Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting (FACS) Isolation of Autonomic Neural Progenitors from Visceral Organs of Fetal Mice

An Optimized Procedure for Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting FACS Isolation of Autonomic Neural Progenitors from Visceral Organs of Fetal Mice

Fetal Fare Visseral Organlardan Otonom Sinir progenitörlerin Floresans aktive Hücre Sıralama (FACS) İzolasyon için bir optimize Prosedürü

During development neural crest (NC)-derived neuronal progenitors migrate away from the neural tube to form autonomic ganglia in visceral organs like the ...

Promotion of Survival and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells with Fibrin and Growth Factor Cocktails after Severe Spinal Cord Injury

Şiddetli Spinal Kord Yaralanması sonra fibrin ve Büyüme Faktörü kokteyller ile Nöral Kök Hücre Survival ve Farklılaşma Tanıtım

Neural stem cells (NSCs) can self-renew and differentiate into neurons and glia. Transplanted NSCs can replace lost neurons and glia after spinal cord ...

A Quantitative Cell Migration Assay for Murine Enteric Neural Progenitors

Kemirgen Enterik Sinir progenitörlerin için Kantitatif Hücre Göç Tahlili

Neural crest cells (NCC) are a transient and multipotent cell population that originates from the dorsal neural tube and migrates extensively throughout ...