Name: spatial and temporal control of t cell activation using a photoactivatable agonist
Uploaded: 2018-04-25T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist at JoVE.com

我们感谢下院实验室的成员提供咨询和协助。得到美国国立卫生研究院 (R01-AI087644 M.H. 和 P30-CA008748 的支持, 纪念斯隆-凯特林癌症中心)。

1. 制备刺激性玻璃表面
<ol><li>涂层八井腔 coverglass 与生物素化聚 l-赖氨酸 (生物锁相环) 稀释1:500 在蒸馏, 去离子水 (ddH2 O)。室温下孵育30分钟 (RT)。</li>
	<li>使用 H2进行清洗。</li>
	<li>在 RT 干燥2小时。</li>
	<li>块生物锁相环涂层表面与阻塞缓冲 (HEPES 缓冲盐水 [10 毫米 HEPES pH 值 7.4, 150 毫米氯化钠], 与 2% BSA) 为30分钟在 RT。<ol>
<li>将5毫克的聚 l-赖氨酸氢溴酸盐溶于1毫升的10毫米矫正?...

<ol>
	<li>Dustin, M. L., Chakraborty, A. K., Shaw, A. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Understanding+the+structure+and+function+of+the+immunological+synapse.">Understanding the structure and function of the immunological synapse.</a> Cold Spring Harb.Perspect.Biol. 2, a002311 (2010).</li><li>Liu, X., Huse, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunological+Synapse+Formation:+Cell+Polarity+During+T+Cell-APC+Interaction.">Immunological Synapse Formation: Cell Polarity During T Cell-APC Interaction.</a> Cell Polarity 1. , 247-275 (2015).</li><li>Bunnell, S. C., Kapoor, V., Trible, R. P., Zhang, W., Samelson, L. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+actin+polymerization+drives+T+cell+receptor-induced+spreading:+A+role+for+the+signal+transduction+adaptor+LAT.">Dynamic actin polymerization drives T cell receptor-induced spreading: A role for the signal transduction adaptor LAT.</a> Immunity. 14, 315-329 (2001).</li><li>Dustin, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Insights+into+Function+of+the+Immunological+Synapse+from+Studies+with+Supported+Planar+Bilayers.">Insights into Function of the Immunological Synapse from Studies with Supported Planar Bilayers.</a> Current topics in microbiology and immunology. 340, (2010).</li><li>Chauveau, A., Le Floc'h, A., Bantilan, N. S., Koretzky, G. a., Huse, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diacylglycerol+kinase+&#945;+establishes+T+cell+polarity+by+shaping+diacylglycerol+accumulation+at+the+immunological+synapse.">Diacylglycerol kinase &#945; establishes T cell polarity by shaping diacylglycerol accumulation at the immunological synapse.</a> Sci. Signal. 7, ra82 (2014).</li><li>Huse, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatial+and+Temporal+Dynamics+of+T+Cell+Receptor+Signaling+with+a+Photoactivatable+Agonist.">Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of T Cell Receptor Signaling with a Photoactivatable Agonist.</a> Immunity. 27, 76-88 (2007).</li><li>Quann, E. J., Merino, E., Furuta, T., Huse, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Localized+diacylglycerol+drives+the+polarization+of+the+microtubule-organizing+center+in+T+cells.">Localized diacylglycerol drives the polarization of the microtubule-organizing center in T cells.</a> Nat Immunol. 10, 627-635 (2009).</li><li>Basu, R., Chen, Y., Quann, E. J., Huse, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+variable+hinge+region+of+novel+PKCs+determines+localization+to+distinct+regions+of+the+immunological+synapse.">The variable hinge region of novel PKCs determines localization to distinct regions of the immunological synapse.</a> PLoS One. 9, 1-8 (2014).</li><li>Liu, X., Kapoor, T. M., Chen, J. K., Huse, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diacylglycerol+promotes+centrosome+polarization+in+T+cells+via+reciprocal+localization+of+dynein+and+myosin+II.">Diacylglycerol promotes centrosome polarization in T cells via reciprocal localization of dynein and myosin II.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 110, 11976-11981 (2013).</li><li>Quann, E. J., Liu, X., Altan-Bonnet, G., Huse, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+cascade+of+protein+kinase+C+isozymes+promotes+cytoskeletal+polarization+in+T+cells.">A cascade of protein kinase C isozymes promotes cytoskeletal polarization in T cells.</a> Nat. Immunol. 12, 647-654 (2011).</li><li>Boniface, J. J., Reich, Z., Lyons, D. S., Davis, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thermodynamics+of+T+cell+receptor+binding+to+peptide-MHC:+evidence+for+a+general+mechanism+of+molecular+scanning.">Thermodynamics of T cell receptor binding to peptide-MHC: evidence for a general mechanism of molecular scanning.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96, 11446-11451 (1999).</li><li>Garboczi, D. N., Hung, D. T., Wiley, D. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HLA-A2-peptide+complexes:+refolding+and+crystallization+of+molecules+expressed+in+Escherichia+coli+and+complexed+with+single+antigenic+peptides.">HLA-A2-peptide complexes: refolding and crystallization of molecules expressed in Escherichia coli and complexed with single antigenic peptides.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 89, 3429-3433 (1992).</li><li>Huse, M., Lillemeier, B. F., Kuhns, M. S., Chen, D. S., Davis, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=T+cells+use+two+directionally+distinct+pathways+for+cytokine+secretion.">T cells use two directionally distinct pathways for cytokine secretion.</a> Nat. Immunol. 7, 247-255 (2006).</li><li>Abeyweera, T. P., Merino, E., Huse, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibitory+signaling+blocks+activating+receptor+clustering+and+induces+cytoskeletal+retraction+in+natural+killer+cells.">Inhibitory signaling blocks activating receptor clustering and induces cytoskeletal retraction in natural killer cells.</a> J. Cell Biol. 192, 675-690 (2011).</li><li>Nguyen Duc, T., Huse, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Generalizable+Platform+for+the+Photoactivation+of+Cell+Surface+Receptors.">A Generalizable Platform for the Photoactivation of Cell Surface Receptors.</a> ACS Chem. Biol. 10, 2435-2440 (2015).</li><li>Airan, R. D., Thompson, K. R., Fenno, L. E., Bernstein, H., Deisseroth, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temporally+precise+in+vivo+control+of+intracellular+signalling.">Temporally precise in vivo control of intracellular signalling.</a> Nature. 458, 1025-1029 (2009).</li><li>Xu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optogenetic+control+of+chemokine+receptor+signal+and+T-cell+migration.">Optogenetic control of chemokine receptor signal and T-cell migration.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 111, 6371-6376 (2014).</li><li>Levskaya, A., Weiner, O. D., Lim, W. A., Voigt, C. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatiotemporal+control+of+cell+signalling+using+a+light-switchable+protein+interaction.">Spatiotemporal control of cell signalling using a light-switchable protein interaction.</a> Nature. 461, 997-1001 (2009).</li><li>Guntas, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Engineering+an+improved+light-induced+dimer+(iLID)+for+controlling+the+localization+and+activity+of+signaling+proteins.">Engineering an improved light-induced dimer (iLID) for controlling the localization and activity of signaling proteins.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 112, 112-117 (2015).</li><li>Wu, Y. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+genetically+encoded+photoactivatable+Rac+controls+the+motility+of+living+cells.">A genetically encoded photoactivatable Rac controls the motility of living cells.</a> Nature. 461, 104-108 (2009).</li><li>Pathak, G. P., Vrana, J. D., Tucker, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optogenetic+control+of+cell+function+using+engineered+photoreceptors.">Optogenetic control of cell function using engineered photoreceptors.</a> Biol. cell/under auspices Eur. Cell Biol. Organ. 105, 59-72 (2014).</li><li>Grusch, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatio-temporally+precise+activation+of+engineered+receptor+tyrosine+kinases+by+light.">Spatio-temporally precise activation of engineered receptor tyrosine kinases by light.</a> EMBO J. 33, 1713-1726 (2014).</li><li>Yi, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Centrosome+repositioning+in+T+cells+is+biphasic+and+driven+by+microtubule+end-on+capture-shrinkage.">Centrosome repositioning in T cells is biphasic and driven by microtubule end-on capture-shrinkage.</a> J. Cell Biol. 202, 779-792 (2013).</li></ol>

近年来, 光已成为 spatiotemporally 控制激活细胞过程的绝佳工具。开发了各种方法, 各有关联的优缺点。这里描述的系统, 这是基于 decaging 的固定化, 胞外配体, 是非常适合分析快速, 亚细胞, 极化信号响应。这种方法已被应用于检测 T 细胞的形成, 如上文所述。此外, 其他受体的笼型配体已被设计, 使我们能够应用同样的策略来评估自然杀伤细胞中的抑制信号和转录因子 NF-nf-κb 的核易位, 以回应像受体...

t 淋巴细胞 (t 细胞) 通过识别细胞表面 MHC 的抗原肽, 在细胞免疫中起重要作用。抗原识别是由 TCR 介导的, 它驱动了幼稚 T 细胞的分化, 促进了溶细胞的传递, 并推动了效应人群的交际反应。TCR 的参与也诱发了细胞结构的戏剧性变化。在几分钟内, T 细胞 gloms 到抗原呈现细胞 (APC) 的一侧, 形成一个极化接口, 称为免疫突触 (是)1,2。增强 t 细胞效应反应通过使细胞因子的定向释放, 或者, 在细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞 (CTLs), 裂解蛋白, 破坏 APC。
TCR 参与抵押贷款公司诱导了多个下游适配器分子的快速磷酸化, 包括连接器的活化 T 细胞 (LAT), 这最终促进强健的重塑突触细胞骨架2。皮质丝状肌动蛋白 (F 肌动蛋白) 驱动 T 细胞传播在 APC 表面, 然后解决成环状结构的特点是 F 肌动蛋白积累在外围和耗尽从中心。F-肌动蛋白环形成紧密耦合到重新定位微管组织中心 (MTOC, 也称为中心体在 T 细胞) 到一个位置只是在界面的中心。这两种事件都发生在初始抗原识别的几分钟内, 并建立了随后激活事件和效应响应发生的体系结构上下文。
研究的是形成, 各种实验室已经开发的方法, 其中 APC 被一个玻璃表面取代, 其中包括固定化 TCR 配体或支持脂双层, 本身包含配体3,4。t 细胞形成类似的接触在这些表面上, 可以通过全内反射荧光显微镜 (TIRF) 或共聚焦显微成像, 使高分辨率研究早期 T 细胞活化和形成。
虽然这些方法已经允许充分组装的优秀可视化是, 许多信号跟随 TCR: 抵押贷款公司结扎发生在几秒钟之内, 复杂化努力确定事件序列在 TCR 活化以后准确地.为了规避此问题, 开发了一种 photoactivation 方法, 其中 photoactivatable 抵押贷款公司用于实现 TCR激活5、6、7的时空控制.在这一系统中, T 细胞附着在含有 photoactivatable 抵押贷款公司的玻璃表面上, 而非刺激 TCR 直到紫外线 (UV) 光照射。在 t 细胞下的微米尺寸区域的紫外线照射会使 photocage 产生一个可由 t 细胞识别的刺激区。随后的信号事件和骨架重塑, 然后监测使用基因编码荧光记者。两个 photoactivatable 版本的抗原肽, 蛾细胞色素 c88-103 (MCC) 和卵清蛋白257-264 (卵), 这是在第二类 mhc I-Ek和类 I mhc H2-Kb分别提出, 已已开发 (图 1)。这样, 就可以对 CD4k中特定的+ T 单元格进行分析 (表示5C。C7、2B4 或 TCRs) 和 CD8 OVA-H2-Kb (表示 OT1 TCR) 的+ T 单元格。
在过去的十年中, TCR photoactivation 和成像方法已被用来建立早期 TCR 信号步骤的精确动力学, 并确定的分子路径控制极化骨架重塑5,6,7,8,9,10. 例如, 这项化验有助于确定中心体转向 APC 的方向是由甘油中心的脂质第二信使的局部梯度介导的。预计这种方法将继续对要求高分辨率的 T 细胞功能成像分析的应用有价值。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1152">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:379px;">Nunc Lab-Tek Chambered Coverglass</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Thermofischer Scientific</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">155361</td>
			<td style="width:443px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Poly-L-lysine hydrobromide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P2636</td>
			<td>Will need to make Biotinylated Poly-L-Lysine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">EZ-Link NHS-Biotin</td>
			<td>Thermofischer Scientific</td>
			<td align="right">20217</td>
			<td>Will need to make Biotinylated Poly-L-Lysine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Streptavidin</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Thermofischer Scientific</td>
			<td align="right">434301</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BirA-500: BirA biotin-protein ligase standard reaction kit</td>
			<td>Avidity</td>
			<td>BirA500</td>
			<td>Will be used to biotinylate proteins</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;">Biotinylated Hb I-EK&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:211px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>For protein folding, see reference 6. For biotinylation, use BirA kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;">Biotinylated NPE-MCC I-EK&#160;</td>
			<td>Anaspec</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Custom NPE-MCC (H-ANERADLIAYL-K(Nvoc)-QATK-OH) can be purchased from Anaspec</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;">Biotinylated &#945;H2-Kk antibody</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td align="right">553591</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;">Biotinylated NPE-OVA H2-Kb</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Anaspec</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Custom NPE-OVA (H-SIINFE-K(Nvoc)-L-OH) can be purchased from Anaspec</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;">Biotinylated KAVY H2-Db&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Anaspec</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Custom synthesized protein (KAVYDFATL) can be purchased from Anaspec</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Biotinylated ICAM1&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:211px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>For protein folding, see reference in protocol. For biotinylation, use BirA kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:379px;">Hand held UV lamp</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">UVP</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">UVGL-25</td>
			<td>Lamp is held &#60; 1 cm from the sample.&#160; 30 s of 365 light is sufficient for detectable decaging, 20 min for quantitative decaging.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:379px;">Olympus IX-81 OMAC TIRF system.</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Additional information about the imaging system can be found in Figure 6</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:379px;">Mosaic digital diaphragm</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Andor</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:379px;">Slidebook software</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Intelligent Imaging Innovations</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

spatial and temporal control of t cell activation using a photoactivatable agonist

T 淋巴细胞参与快速, 极化信号, 发生在几分钟后 TCR 激活。这诱发了免疫突触的形成, 一种定型的细胞间结, 调节 T 细胞活化和定向靶效应反应。为了有效地研究这些过程, 需要一种适合捕获快速、极化响应的成像方法。该协议描述了这样一个系统, 它是基于 photoactivatable 肽-主要的组织相容性复合物 (抵押贷款公司), 它是不刺激的, 直到它暴露在紫外线。该试剂的靶 decaging 在 videomicroscopy 实验中, 通过全内反射 (TIRF) 成像, 实现对 TCR 活化和对后续细胞反应的高分辨率监测的精确时空控制。这种方法也符合遗传和药理的摄动策略。这允许组装明确定义的分子通路, 将 TCR 信号与免疫突触的极化骨架结构的形成联系起来。

photoactivation 和成像方法允许观察和简便量化快速, 极化信号响应。为了说明它的能力, 这里转载的是一个实验, 研究了 TCR 诱导的中心体的时空关系。5C。C7 T 细胞爆炸是 retrovirally 转基因与两个荧光记者: 一项由蛋白激酶 C-θ链接到与 GFP (C1-GFP) 和 RFP 蛋白的串联 C1 域的一台检测生物传感器, 以监测中心体。然后将 T 细胞连接到包含 photoactivatable coverglassk的腔内。C1-GFP ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist at JoVE.com

Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist

Photoactivatable 激动剂对 T 细胞活化的时空控制

该协议描述了一种基于成像的方法, 激活 t 淋巴细胞使用 photoactivatable 肽 MHC, 使精确的时空控制 t 细胞活化。

T lymphocytes engage in rapid, polarized signaling, occurring within minutes following TCR activation. This induces formation of the immunological ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Retroviral Transduction of T-cell Receptors in Mouse T-cells

T细胞受体在小鼠T细胞的逆转录病毒转导

T-cell receptors (TCRs) play a central role in the immune system. TCRs on T-cell surfaces can specifically recognize peptide antigens presented by antigen ...

科研

免疫与感染

Induction of Graft-versus-host Disease and In Vivo T Cell Monitoring Using an MHC-matched Murine Model

Induction of Graft-versus-host Disease and In Vivo T Cell Monitoring Using an MHC-matched Murine Model

移植物抗宿主病的诱导和<em在体内</em&gt; T细胞监测中的应用MHC匹配的小鼠模型

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the limiting barrier to the broad use of bone marrow transplant as a curative therapy for a variety of hematological ...

Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell (aAPC) Mediated Activation and Expansion of Natural Killer T Cells

Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell aAPC Mediated Activation and Expansion of Natural Killer T Cells

人工抗原提呈细胞（AAPC）的自然杀伤T细胞介导的​​激活和扩展

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a unique subset of T cells that display markers characteristic of both natural killer (NK) cells and T cells1. Unlike ...

Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes

静电粘附实验对整合素激活的T细胞研究

T lymphocyte adhesion is required for multiple T cell functions, including migration to sites of inflammation and formation of immunological synapses with ...

Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Mouse NaÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¯ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

鼠标朴素CD4<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; T细胞分离和<em&gt;在体外</em&gt;分化为T细胞亚群

Antigen inexperienced (na&#239;ve) CD4+ T cells undergo expansion and differentiation to effector subsets at the time of T cell receptor (TCR) recognition ...

Cortical Actin Flow in T Cells Quantified by Spatio-temporal Image Correlation Spectroscopy of Structured Illumination Microscopy Data

皮层肌动蛋白流通过结构照明显微镜数据的时空图像相关光谱量化性T细胞

Filamentous-actin plays a crucial role in a majority of cell processes including motility and, in immune cells, the formation of a key cell-cell ...

An In Vitro Model of the Blood-brain Barrier Using Impedance Spectroscopy: A Focus on T Cell-endothelial Cell Interaction

An In Vitro Model of the Blood-brain Barrier Using Impedance Spectroscopy: A Focus on T Cell-endothelial Cell Interaction

一个<em&gt;体外</em&gt;血 - 脑屏障使用阻抗谱型号：对T细胞，内皮细胞的相互作用为中心

Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical step in the development of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal ...

Measurement of T Cell Alloreactivity Using Imaging Flow Cytometry

使用成像流式细胞仪T细胞同种异体反应性测定

The measurement of immunological reactivity to donor antigens in transplant recipients is likely to be crucial for the successful reduction or withdrawal ...

Highly Multiplexed, Super-resolution Imaging of T Cells Using madSTORM

使用madSTORM进行高分辨率，超分辨率的T细胞成像

Imaging heterogeneous cellular structures using single molecule localization microscopy has been hindered by inadequate localization precision and ...

In Vivo Assay for Detection of Antigen-specific T-cell Cytolytic Function Using a Vaccination Model

In Vivo Assay for Detection of Antigen-specific T-cell Cytolytic Function Using a Vaccination Model

在体内应用免疫模型检测抗原特异性 T 细胞细胞功能的试验

Current methodologies for antigen-specific killing are limited to in vitro use or utilized in infectious disease models. However, there is not a protocol ...