Name: fabrication of spherical and worm-shaped micellar nanocrystals by combining electrospray, self-assembly, and solvent-based structure control
Uploaded: 2018-02-11T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Spherical and Worm-shaped Micellar Nanocrystals by Combining Electrospray, Self-assembly, and Solvent-based Structure Control at JoVE.com

作者感谢来自中国中央政府的 "千少年全球人才" 奖的资助, 来自江苏省政府的 "双创" 奖、工程学院创办基金和应用科学, 南京大学, 中国, 由 "天基" 基金会授予, 由江苏省自然科学基金 (PAPD) 优先学术项目发展基金资助。

注意: 由于使用有机溶剂, 所有操作都应在化学油烟机中进行。由于使用了高电压, 避免在电源通电时与设备进行身体接触。使用所有适当的安全做法, 如使用个人防护设备 (安全眼镜, 手套, 实验室大衣, 全长长裤, 和闭合脚趾鞋)。查阅所有相关的材料安全数据表 (MSDS)。
1. 材料的设置
<ol><li>要准备 QDs 溶液, 溶解10毫克疏水性 (荧光发射峰值波长 = 605 nm, 用作这里的模型纳米晶) ?...

<ol>
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本工作所描述的胶束纳米晶的制备方法是将自顶向下的电喷雾、自下而上的自我组装和溶剂型结构控制相结合。采用同轴喷嘴尖端形成的泰勒锥, 是一种有效、方便的质量控制方法。这是因为一个正确形成的泰勒锥表示在电力和表面张力之间的平衡 (或接近平衡), 这反过来表明, 成功形成的微型反应堆 (均匀超细滴) 为自组装反应发生自发.如果泰勒锥没有正确的形成, 你应该调整电源电压和注射器泵...

纳米晶如半导体量子点 (QDs) 和超顺磁性氧化铁纳米粒子 (SPIONs) 显示了生物检测、成像、操作和治疗的巨大潜力1, 2, 3,4,5,6。将一个或多个纳米晶封装成胶束已成为一种广泛使用的方法, 用于将纳米晶与生物环境 (3,6) 接口。由此形成的胶束纳米晶 (胶束与纳米晶封装) 已成为一个新兴的类 nanobiomaterials7,8,9,10。通常使用的方法来制造封装各种材料的胶束 (例如, 纳米晶, 小分子药物和染料) 包括膜水化, 透析, 和其他几个7,11。
本工作描述了一种基于自顶向下的电喷雾, 自下而上的自我组装和溶剂介导的结构控制的制备胶束纳米晶的方法。与胶束纳米晶的其它制备方法相比, 本方法具有以下几个有益的特点: (1) 它是一个很大的连续生产过程。这一特点主要是因为我们的方法中使用了电喷雾形成乳液滴。相比之下, 一些其他方法使用涡流或超声波来形成乳化液滴, 从而使这些方法在自然界中的批处理过程为12。(2) 产生的产品具有水分散性高、胶体稳定性好、封装纳米晶的完好的物理功能。与其它胶束封装方法相比, 该工艺往往能使产品具有优异的质量, 在很大程度上是因为电喷雾能形成超细和均匀的乳化液滴。(3) 产品的结构, 包括胶束形状和封装的纳米晶的数量, 可以由溶剂控制, 这比其他控制方式, 如改变所使用的两亲聚合物, 更便宜, 并能产生不仅是通常可用的球形胶束形状, 但蠕虫样胶束的形状通过胶束融合13。由此形成的蜗杆状胶束纳米晶可大大减少非特异的细胞吸收比球形对应物13。另一方面, 值得指出的是, 这种方法需要安装一个电喷雾装置, 它在技术上比其他方法的需要更严格 (虽然远不受禁止)。
本发明的方法包括首先生成具有均匀尺寸的超细液体 (通常为水中乳化液) 液滴, 其次是有机溶剂的蒸发, 导致自组装形成胶束纳米晶 (图1).电喷雾装置具有同轴构型使用同心针: 油相, 其中含有两亲嵌段共聚物和疏水性纳米晶溶解于有机溶剂, 被送到内针 (27 克不锈钢毛细管) 用注射器泵;水相, 其中含有溶解在水中的表面活性剂, 被交付到外针 (20 克不锈钢三路连接器) 与第二注射器泵。高压适用于同轴喷嘴。由于电动力克服了液体中的表面张力和惯性应力, 产生了均匀尺寸的超细水滴。每个液滴基本上都是一个 ' 微反应器 ', 在其中, 当有机溶剂蒸发后, 自组装的反应会自发地由于疏水性的相互作用而发生。使用不同的有机溶剂导致不同结构的胶束纳米晶: 水不溶性有机溶剂氯仿导致球形胶束形状, 而水混溶有机溶剂 THF 长反应时间导致蠕虫样胶束形状随着增强的纳米晶封装。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrophobic quantum dots</td>
			<td>Ocean Nanotech</td>
			<td>QSP</td>
			<td>Solid hydrophobic CdSe/ZnS quantum dots. Peak fluorescence emission wavelength is 605 nm.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly(styrene)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PS-PEG)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>666476-500MG</td>
			<td>Molecular weight of PS segment is 9.5 kDa and that of PEG segment is 18.0 kDa.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>363170-500G</td>
			<td>Molecular weight 13&#8211;23 kDa, 87&#8211;89% hydrolyzed.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tetrahydrofuran (THF)</td>
			<td>Sinopharma Chemical Reagent</td>
			<td>80124418</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chloroform</td>
			<td>Sinopharma Chemical Reagent</td>
			<td>40007960</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe pumps</td>
			<td>Bao Ding Shen Chen</td>
			<td>SPLab01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tubing</td>
			<td>Shanghei Lai Xing</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>2 mm outer diameter and 1.8 mm inner diameter PTFE tubing.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringes</td>
			<td>Yi Ming</td>
			<td>5.CC</td>
			<td>5 mL disposable syringe made of PTFE.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High voltage power supply</td>
			<td>Dong Wen</td>
			<td>DW Series</td>
			<td>Direct current power supply (0&#8211;50 kV range).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrospray coaxial nozzle</td>
			<td>Hunan Chang Sha Na Yi</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Stainless steel assembly. Inner capillary needle was a 27 gauge (outer diameter 500 &#956;m; inner diameter 300 &#956;m). Outer capillary was a 20 gauge (outer diameter 1,000 &#956;m; inner diameter 500 &#956;m).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vortexer</td>
			<td>Xi&#39;an HEB Biotechnology Co., Ltd. China</td>
			<td>MX-S</td>
			<td>MX-S with wide speed range of 0&#8211;2,500 rpm, stepless speed regulation, touch and continuous operations.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Steel ring</td>
			<td>Yiwu Wan Tu</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Rings with a range of diameters (0.8&#8211;1.8 cm) can be constructued. For example, a 1.3 cm diameter ring was constructed by curling an approximately 25 cm (length) of 0.5-mm diamter (24 gauge, AWG) steel wire.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass collecting dish</td>
			<td>Grainger</td>
			<td>1u5084</td>
			<td>25-mm height and 120-mm diameter glass dish.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 mL centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>Jiangsu Xinkang Medical Instrument Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>X-407</td>
			<td>Centrifuge tube is made of transparent polypropylene (PP).</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

fabrication of spherical and worm-shaped micellar nanocrystals by combining electrospray, self-assembly, and solvent-based structure control

胶束纳米晶 (胶束与封装纳米晶) 已成为一个新兴的主要类的 nanobiomaterials。本文介绍了一种基于自顶向下的电喷雾, 自下而上的自我装配和溶剂型结构控制的胶束纳米晶制备方法。该方法首先使用电喷雾产生均匀的超细液滴, 每一个都作为一个微型反应器, 在其中产生自组装反应形成胶束纳米晶, 与结构 (胶束形状和纳米晶封装) 由使用的有机溶剂控制。该方法在很大程度上是连续的, 生产高质量的胶束纳米晶产品, 结构控制方法低廉。利用水溶性有机溶剂四氢呋喃 (THF), 可以产生由溶剂诱导/促进胶束融合的蜗杆状胶束纳米晶。与普通球形胶束纳米晶相比, 蜗杆状胶束纳米晶能提供最小的非特异细胞吸收, 从而增强生物靶向性。通过将多个纳米晶共同封装到每个胶束中, 可以实现多功能或协同效应。目前这种制造方法的局限性将成为未来工作的一部分, 主要包括胶束纳米晶产品中的不完美封装和过程的不完全连续性质。

图 1显示了一个示意图, 概述了生产过程中使用的有机溶剂对胶束纳米晶的结构 (形状和封装) 的控制。简单地, 二氯甲烷导致球形胶束不封装纳米晶;氯仿导致球形胶束与低封装数量的纳米晶;THF 在短反应时间和蜗杆状胶束中, 在较长的反应时间内, 具有高封装数纳米晶的球形胶束。
用氯仿作为有机溶剂产生...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Spherical and Worm-shaped Micellar Nanocrystals by Combining Electrospray, Self-assembly, and Solvent-based Structure Control at JoVE.com

Fabrication of Spherical and Worm-shaped Micellar Nanocrystals by Combining Electrospray, Self-assembly, and Solvent-based Structure Control

目前的工作描述了一种制造胶束纳米晶的方法, 这是一个新兴的 nanobiomaterials 类。该方法结合自顶向下的电喷雾, 自下而上的自我装配和溶剂型结构控制。制造方法主要是连续的, 能生产出高质量的产品, 并具有低廉的结构控制手段。

结合电喷雾、自组装和溶剂型结构控制制备球形和蜗杆状胶束纳米晶

Micellar nanocrystals (micelles with encapsulated nanocrystals) have become an emerging major class of nanobiomaterials. We describe a method of ...

Research

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Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles

折纸灵感的图案和可重构颗粒自组装

There are numerous techniques such as photolithography, electron-beam lithography and soft-lithography that can be used to precisely pattern two ...

科研

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Seeded Synthesis of CdSe/CdS Rod and Tetrapod Nanocrystals

硒化镉/硫化镉棒和纳米四脚合成种子

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of multicomponent nanostructures consisting of CdS and CdSe with rod and tetrapod morphologies. A seeded ...

Formation of Ordered Biomolecular Structures by the Self-assembly of Short Peptides

生物分子有序结构由短肽的自组装形成

In nature, complex functional structures are formed by the self-assembly of biomolecules under mild conditions. Understanding the forces that control ...

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles

复杂的二维形状的从单链DNA的瓷砖自组装

Current methods in DNA nano-architecture have successfully engineered a variety of 2D and 3D structures using principles of self-assembly. In this ...

A Study of the Complexation of Mercury(II) with Dicysteinyl Tetrapeptides by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

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汞（II）与Dicysteinyl四肽的络合的电喷雾质​​谱研究

In this study we evaluated a method for the characterization of complexes, formed in different relative ratios of mercury(II) to dicysteinyl tetrapeptide, ...

Green and Low-cost Production of Thermally Stable and Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals and Nanofibrils Using Highly Recyclable Dicarboxylic Acids

热稳定和羧基化纤维素纳米晶和纳米原纤维使用高度可回收的二元羧酸绿色和低成本生产

Here we demonstrate potentially low cost and green productions of high thermally stable and carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and nanofibrils ...

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance

上成膜钙钛矿型混合制造方法，电子结构和太阳能电池性能的影响

Hybrid organic/inorganic halide perovskites have lately been a topic of great interest in the field of solar cell applications, with the potential to ...

Grafting Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Polystyrene to Enable Self-Assembly and Anisotropic Patchiness

用聚苯乙烯接枝多壁纳米碳纳米管使自组装和各向异性斑块

We demonstrate a straightforward protocol to graft pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with polystyrene (PS) chains at the sidewalls through a ...

Liquid-cell Transmission Electron Microscopy for Tracking Self-assembly of Nanoparticles

用于跟踪纳米粒子自组装的液体细胞透射电子显微镜

Drying a nanoparticle dispersion is a versatile way to create self-assembled structures of nanoparticles, but the mechanism of this process is not fully ...