Name: chronic transcranial electrical stimulation and intracortical recording in rats
Uploaded: 2018-05-11T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Chronic Transcranial Electrical Stimulation and Intracortical Recording in Rats at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af EU-FP7-ERC-2013-starter grant (No.337075), 'Dynamik' Program for det ungarske akademi for Videnskaber (LP2013-62), og GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00018 tilskud. Vi takker Máté Kozák til at dokumentere stimulation og optagelse elektroder og Mihály Vöröslakos for de frugtbare drøftelser under protokollen design.

Alle metoder beskrevet her er i henhold til direktiverne af de Europæiske Fællesskabers Råd (86/609 ECC) og er blevet godkendt af det etiske udvalg for Animal forskning på Albert Szent-Györgyi medicinske og farmaceutiske Center på University of Szeged (XIV/218/2016).
1. fabrikation af Stimulation elektroder
<ol><li>For at gøre en stimulation fjerne elektrode, skære seks 10 cm lange stykker af miniature hook-up ledninger, 2 cm af beklædning på ene ende og 1 cm i anden enden.</li>
	<...

<ol>
	<li>Ozen, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcranial+electric+stimulation+entrains+cortical+neuronal+populations+in+rats.">Transcranial electric stimulation entrains cortical neuronal populations in rats.</a> The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 30 (34), 11476-11485 (2010).</li><li>Ali, M. M., Sellers, K. K., Frohlich, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcranial+alternating+current+stimulation+modulates+large-scale+cortical+network+activity+by+network+resonance.">Transcranial alternating current stimulation modulates large-scale cortical network activity by network resonance.</a> The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 33 (27), 11262-11275 (2013).</li><li>Helfrich, R. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Entrainment+of+brain+oscillations+by+transcranial+alternating+current+stimulation.">Entrainment of brain oscillations by transcranial alternating current stimulation.</a> Current biology : CB. 24 (3), 333-339 (2014).</li><li>Bikson, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+for+major+depression:+a+general+system+for+quantifying+transcranial+electrotherapy+dosage.">Transcranial direct current stimulation for major depression: a general system for quantifying transcranial electrotherapy dosage.</a> Current treatment options in neurology. 10 (5), 377-385 (2008).</li><li>Lefaucheur, J. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence-based+guidelines+on+the+therapeutic+use+of+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+(tDCS).">Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).</a> Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. 128 (1), 56-92 (2017).</li><li>Kuo, M. F., Nitsche, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+transcranial+electrical+stimulation+on+cognition.">Effects of transcranial electrical stimulation on cognition.</a> Clinical EEG and neuroscience. 43 (3), 192-199 (2012).</li><li>Sandrini, M., Fertonani, A., Cohen, L. G., Miniussi, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Double+dissociation+of+working+memory+load+effects+induced+by+bilateral+parietal+modulation.">Double dissociation of working memory load effects induced by bilateral parietal modulation.</a> Neuropsychologia. 50 (3), 396-402 (2012).</li><li>Berenyi, A., Belluscio, M., Mao, D., Buzsaki, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Closed-loop+control+of+epilepsy+by+transcranial+electrical+stimulation.">Closed-loop control of epilepsy by transcranial electrical stimulation.</a> Science. 337 (6095), 735-737 (2012).</li><li>Kozak, G., Berenyi, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sustained+efficacy+of+closed+loop+electrical+stimulation+for+long-term+treatment+of+absence+epilepsy+in+rats.">Sustained efficacy of closed loop electrical stimulation for long-term treatment of absence epilepsy in rats.</a> Scientific reports. 7 (1), 6300 (2017).</li><li>Fertonani, A., Ferrari, C., Miniussi, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=What+do+you+feel+if+I+apply+transcranial+electric+stimulation?+Safety,+sensations+and+secondary+induced+effects.">What do you feel if I apply transcranial electric stimulation? Safety, sensations and secondary induced effects.</a> Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. 126 (11), 2181-2188 (2015).</li><li>Marshall, L., Binder, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contribution+of+transcranial+oscillatory+stimulation+to+research+on+neural+networks:+an+emphasis+on+hippocampo-neocortical+rhythms.">Contribution of transcranial oscillatory stimulation to research on neural networks: an emphasis on hippocampo-neocortical rhythms.</a> Frontiers in human neuroscience. 7, 614 (2013).</li><li>Reato, D., Rahman, A., Bikson, M., Parra, L. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+weak+transcranial+alternating+current+stimulation+on+brain+activity-a+review+of+known+mechanisms+from+animal+studies.">Effects of weak transcranial alternating current stimulation on brain activity-a review of known mechanisms from animal studies.</a> Frontiers in human neuroscience. 7, 687 (2013).</li><li>Thut, G., Miniussi, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+insights+into+rhythmic+brain+activity+from+TMS-EEG+studies.">New insights into rhythmic brain activity from TMS-EEG studies.</a> Trends in cognitive sciences. 13 (4), 182-189 (2009).</li><li>Gage, G. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+implantation+of+chronic+neural+electrodes+for+recording+single+unit+activity+and+electrocorticographic+signals.">Surgical implantation of chronic neural electrodes for recording single unit activity and electrocorticographic signals.</a> Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE. (60), (2012).</li><li>Vandecasteele, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large-scale+recording+of+neurons+by+movable+silicon+probes+in+behaving+rodents.">Large-scale recording of neurons by movable silicon probes in behaving rodents.</a> Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE. (61), e3568 (2012).</li><li>Zayachkivsky, A., Lehmkuhle, M. J., Dudek, F. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+Continuous+EEG+Monitoring+in+Small+Rodent+Models+of+Human+Disease+Using+the+Epoch+Wireless+Transmitter+System.">Long-term Continuous EEG Monitoring in Small Rodent Models of Human Disease Using the Epoch Wireless Transmitter System.</a> Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE. (101), e52554 (2015).</li><li>Ung, K., Arenkiel, B. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fiber-optic+implantation+for+chronic+optogenetic+stimulation+of+brain+tissue.">Fiber-optic implantation for chronic optogenetic stimulation of brain tissue.</a> Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE. (68), e50004 (2012).</li><li>Mostany, R., Portera-Cailliau, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+craniotomy+surgery+procedure+for+chronic+brain+imaging.">A craniotomy surgery procedure for chronic brain imaging.</a> Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE. (12), (2008).</li></ol>

Det mest afgørende skridt i denne protokol er limning af pakken elektrode på knoglen overfladen. I tilfælde af uretmæssig forsegling, et hul er dannet mellem elektroderne og knoglen og sekundære arvæv kan vokse ind i denne kløft, som mindsker kvaliteten af stimulation. Knoglen overfladen skal være helt tørt under trin af stikning på pakken, og for så vidt angår oplever ustabilitet af elektroderne, det skal fjernes og erstattes med en ny pakke til at opnå de bedste resultater.
En b...

Transkranial elektrisk stimulation (TES) er en værdifuld metodiske tilgang til at påvirke hjerneaktiviteten i et tidsligt begrænset måde. Afhængig af størrelse og placering af elektroderne for stimulation, TES kan påvirke store hjerne diskenheder og entrain neuronal populationer diffust1,2,3. Transkranial jævnstrøm stimulation er allerede lægeligt godkendt til behandling af depressiv lidelse4,5, og mange undersøgelser fokus på viser de kognitive effekter af transkranial stimulation i mennesker6 , 7. i øvrigt, lovende resultater blev rapporteret om potentialet i TES i kontrollerende epileptiske anfald8,9.
Trods den intensive forskning er der stadig mange åbne spørgsmål vedrørende de nærmere regler, potentielle bivirkninger, og de langsigtede resultat af at anvende denne metode10,11,12. Det er derfor afgørende vigtigt at have en robust, reproducerbare protokol til at undersøge virkningerne af TES i dyremodeller. Mange forstyrrelser (fx, depression, epilepsi, skizofreni) kan kun undersøges grundigt i vågen dyr, og arten af disse medicinske tilstande som regel kræver langvarig behandling, vi leverer en protokol til kronisk implantation af transkranial elektroder i rotter. Metoden præsenteres her kan bruges til adfærdsmæssige undersøgelser eller kan kombineres med implantation af optagelse elektroder (dvs.ledninger, silikone sonder, juxtacellular elektroder) eller med kronisk kraniel windows for elektrofysiologiske eksperimenter og billeddiagnostiske undersøgelser, henholdsvis. Afhængigt af det eksperimentelle design, kan timingen af stimuli være enten tilfældigt eller Hændelsesudløst specifikke adfærdsmæssige stikord eller elektrofysiologiske kendetegnende for særlige hjernen stater (anfald, theta svingninger)8, 11 , 13.
Det er vigtigt at nævne, at i modsætning til den aktuelt anvendte menneskelige tilgang, der bruger en legemliggørelse af elektroder placeret på huden, her viser vi en metode, der beskæftiger subkutane implantation højre over overfladen af den tidsmæssige knoglen, siden rotter knap tolerere noget placeret på deres hud, som er let tilgængelige ved hjælp af deres poter.
I overensstemmelse med principperne om erstatning, reduktion og raffinement, på grund af kronisk karakter af implantation, denne metode hjælper med at reducere antallet af dyr, da hvert dyr kan være ansat i forskellige eksperimentelle betingelser for måneder, tillader anvendelse færre dyr til at teste forskellige hypoteser.
I den foreliggende undersøgelse, vi leverer en detaljeret, trinvis protokol af transkranial stimulation elektrode manufacturing (figur 1A-B) og demonstrere den kroniske implantation af disse elektroder over temporal knoglerne af en seks-måned-forhenværende mandlige Long-Evans rotte.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Cyanoacrylate liquid</td>
			<td>Henkel</td>
			<td>Loctite 401</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cyanoacrylate gel</td>
			<td>Henkel</td>
			<td>Loctite 454</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wire for stimulation electrodes</td>
			<td>Phoenix Wire Inc.</td>
			<td>36744MHW - PTFE Microminiature Hook-Up Wire</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Board spacer</td>
			<td>E-tec Interconnect</td>
			<td>SP1-020-S378/01-55</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Connector</td>
			<td>E-tec Interconnect</td>
			<td>P2510I-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tape packaging for stimulation electrodes</td>
			<td>Nexperia</td>
			<td>74HC1G00GW</td>
			<td>Tape packaging of any integrated circuit with SOT-353 case can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Grip Cement Industrial Grade</td>
			<td>Caulk Dentsply</td>
			<td>675571 (powder) 675572 (solvent)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electroconductive gel</td>
			<td>Rextra</td>
			<td>ECG Gel</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recording electrode wire</td>
			<td>California Fine Wire Co.</td>
			<td>.002 (50 micron) Tungsten 99.95% (CFW Material #: 100-211), HMl-Natural, cut to 3.0 inch pieces, Round, Cut length piece wire</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultrafine scissors</td>
			<td>Hammacher Instrumente</td>
			<td>Stainless HSB 544-09</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless steel tube</td>
			<td>Vita Needle Company</td>
			<td>29 RW, 304SS Tubing, T.I.G. Welded and Plug</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High speed rotary saw</td>
			<td>Dremel</td>
			<td>Model # 395</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rotary saw holder</td>
			<td>Dremel</td>
			<td>Model # 220</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rotary saw cut-off wheel</td>
			<td>Dremel</td>
			<td>Model # 409</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ocular sticks</td>
			<td>Lohmann-Rauscher</td>
			<td>Pro-ophta Ocular Sticks</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wet disinfectant</td>
			<td>Egis</td>
			<td>Betadine</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dry disinfectant</td>
			<td>Wagner Pharma</td>
			<td>Reseptyl-urea</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drilling machine</td>
			<td>NSK-Nakanishi United Kingdom</td>
			<td>Vmax35RV Pack</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anchoring screws</td>
			<td>Antrin Miniature Specialties, Inc.</td>
			<td>000-120x1/16 SL BIND MS SS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

chronic transcranial electrical stimulation and intracortical recording in rats

Transkranial elektrisk stimulation (TES) er en kraftfuld og relativt enkle tilgang til diffust påvirke hjerneaktivitet, enten tilfældigt eller i en lukket loop Hændelsesudløst måde. Selv om mange undersøgelser fokuserer på de mulige fordele og bivirkninger af TES i sund og patologiske hjerner, er der stadig mange grundlæggende uafklarede spørgsmål vedrørende virkningsmekanisme af stimulering. Der er derfor et klart behov for en robust og reproducerbar metode til at teste den akutte og kroniske virkninger af TES i gnavere. TES kan kombineres med regelmæssig adfærdsmæssige, elektrofysiologiske og Billeddannende teknikker til at undersøge neuronal netværk in vivo. Implantation af transkranial stimulation elektroder pålægger ikke ekstra begrænsninger på det eksperimentelle design, mens der tilbydes et alsidigt og fleksibelt værktøj til at manipulere hjerneaktivitet. Her giver vi en detaljeret, trinvis protokol for at fabrikere og implantat transkranial stimulation elektroder for at påvirke hjerneaktivitet i et tidsligt begrænset måde i månedsvis.

Implantation af kronisk stimulering elektroder (figur 1B) kan kombineres med yderligere implantation af optagelse elektroder (figur 1 c-D). Disse indstillinger er egnet til at danne oven på-anfordring optagelse og stimulation systemer til at blande sig med specifikke hjernen aktiviteter. Her præsenterer vi repræsentative resultater af et lukket kredsløb epilepsi påvisning og interventionsordningen, anvendes ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Chronic Transcranial Electrical Stimulation and Intracortical Recording in Rats at JoVE.com

Chronic Transcranial Electrical Stimulation and Intracortical Recording in Rats

Denne detaljerede protokol beskriver transkranial stimulation elektrode placering på den tidsmæssige knoglen for at undersøge de kort - og langsigtede virkninger af transkranial elektrisk stimulation i frit flytte rotter.

Kronisk transkranial elektrisk Stimulation og Intracortical optagelse i rotter

Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) is a powerful and relatively simple approach to diffusely influence brain activity either randomly or in a ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and fMRI to Examine the Default Mode Network

The default mode network is a group of brain regions that are active when an individual is not focused on the outside world and the brain is at "wakeful ...

Electrode Positioning and Montage in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a technique that has been intensively investigated in the past decade as this method offers a ...

Assessment of Neuromuscular Function Using Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Vurdering af neuromuskulære funktion Brug Perkutan elektrisk nervestimulation

Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is a non-invasive method commonly used to evaluate neuromuscular function from brain to muscle (supra-spinal, ...

Simultaneous Recording of Electroretinography and Visual Evoked Potentials in Anesthetized Rats

Samtidig optagelse af Elektroretinografi og Visual evoked potentials i bedøvede rotter

The electroretinogram (ERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) are commonly used to assess the integrity of the visual pathway. The ERG measures the ...

Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Virkningerne af transkranial vekselstrøm Stimulation på den primære Motor Cortex af Online kombineret tilgang med transkranial magnetisk Stimulation

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) is a neuromodulatory technique able to act through sinusoidal electrical waveforms in a specific ...

Transcranial Electrical Brain Stimulation in Alert Rodents

Transkranial elektriske Brain Stimulation i Alert gnavere

Transcranial electrical brain stimulation can modulate cortical excitability and plasticity in humans and rodents. The most common form of stimulation in ...

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Kombinerede transkranial magnetisk Stimulation og electroencefalografi i den Dorsolateral præfrontale Cortex

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method that produces neural excitation in the cortex by means of brief, time-varying magnetic ...

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Mice

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Mice

Transkranial jævnstrøm Stimulation (TDC'er) i mus

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique proposed as an alternative or complementary treatment for ...

Establishment of Acute Pontine Infarction in Rats by Electrical Stimulation

Etablering af akut Pontine Infarkt hos rotter ved elektrisk stimulation

Pontine infarction is the most common stroke subtype in the posterior circulation, while there lacks a rodent model mimicking pontine infarction. Provided ...

Preparation of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Electrodes for Chronic Implantation in Rats

Forberedelse af perifere nervestimulationselekder til kronisk implantation hos rotter

Peripheral nerve cuff electrodes have long been used in the neurosciences and related fields for stimulation of, for example, vagus or sciatic nerves. ...