Name: a microcontroller operated device for the generation of liquid extracts from conventional cigarette smoke and electronic cigarette aerosol
Uploaded: 2018-01-18T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol at JoVE.com

作者感谢杜兰大学细胞和分子生物学系的 Dr. 罗伯特. Dotson 协助编辑杜兰大学化学系的手稿和 Dr. 詹姆斯. 布林协助采用质谱法设计。作者进一步承认杜兰大学细胞和分子生物学系和杜兰大学化学系的支持和使用空间和设备。这项工作得到了烟草产品管理科学研究金和杜兰大学科学与工程学院安德森的支持。

1. 装置的装配
<ol><li>将100毫升傅书礼烧瓶 (图 1, #4) 固定在钢制圆环架上, 并通过填充50克氯化钙来形成一个真空阱, 作为干燥剂。用橡胶通孔塞子密封烧瓶, 用石蜡膜包裹塞子接合处, 并在孔中运行吸管。</li>
	<li>使用乙烯基油管, 将吸管从塞子延伸到 t 形交叉软管连接器。</li>
	<li>使用乙烯基油管, 连接两个器 (图 1, #2 & #3), 并将第二个器的输出连接到 t ...

<ol>
	<li>World Health Organization. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2011. , (2011).</li><li>Weaver, S. R., Majeed, B. A., Pechacek, T. F., Nyman, A. L., Gregory, K. R., Eriksen, M. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+electronic+nicotine+delivery+systems+and+other+tobacco+products+among+USA+adults,+2014:+results+from+a+national+survey.">Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems and other tobacco products among USA adults, 2014: results from a national survey.</a> Int. J. Public Health. 61 (2), 177-188 (2016).</li><li>Singh, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tobacco+Use+Among+Middle+and+High+School+Students+-+United+States,+2011–2015.">Tobacco Use Among Middle and High School Students - United States, 2011–2015.</a> MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 65 (14), 361-367 (2016).</li><li>Corey, C. G., Ambrose, B. K., Apelberg, B. J., King, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flavored+Tobacco+Product+Use+Among+Middle+and+High+School+Students--United+States,+2014.">Flavored Tobacco Product Use Among Middle and High School Students--United States, 2014.</a> MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 64 (38), 1066-1070 (2015).</li><li>Pisinger, C., D&#248;ssing, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+systematic+review+of+health+effects+of+electronic+cigarettes.">A systematic review of health effects of electronic cigarettes.</a> Prev. Med. 69, 248-260 (2014).</li><li>Callahan-Lyon, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electronic+cigarettes:+human+health+effects.">Electronic cigarettes: human health effects.</a> Tob. Control. 23 (Suppl 2), ii36-ii40 (2014).</li><li>Dinakar, C., O'Connor, G. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Health+Effects+of+Electronic+Cigarettes.">The Health Effects of Electronic Cigarettes.</a> N. Engl. J. Med. 375 (14), 1372-1381 (2016).</li><li>Anderson, C., Majeste, A., Hanus, J., Wang, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=E-cigarette+aerosol+exposure+induces+reactive+oxygen+species,+DNA+damage,+and+cell+death+in+vascular+endothelial+cells.">E-cigarette aerosol exposure induces reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and cell death in vascular endothelial cells.</a> Toxicol. Sci. Off. J. Soc. Toxicol. , (2016).</li><li>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Health Consequences of Smoking: 50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General. , (2014).</li><li>Farsalinos, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+the+Cytotoxic+Potential+of+Cigarette+Smoke+and+Electronic+Cigarette+Vapour+Extract+on+Cultured+Myocardial+Cells.">Comparison of the Cytotoxic Potential of Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapour Extract on Cultured Myocardial Cells.</a> Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. 10 (10), 5146-5162 (2013).</li><li>Schweitzer, K. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endothelial+disruptive+proinflammatory+effects+of+nicotine+and+e-cigarette+vapor+exposures.">Endothelial disruptive proinflammatory effects of nicotine and e-cigarette vapor exposures.</a> Am. J. Physiol. - Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 309 (2), L175-L187 (2015).</li><li>Putzhammer, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vapours+of+US+and+EU+Market+Leader+Electronic+Cigarette+Brands+and+Liquids+Are+Cytotoxic+for+Human+Vascular+Endothelial+Cells.">Vapours of US and EU Market Leader Electronic Cigarette Brands and Liquids Are Cytotoxic for Human Vascular Endothelial Cells.</a> PLOS ONE. 11 (6), e0157337 (2016).</li><li>Crooks, I., Dillon, D. M., Scott, J. K., Ballantyne, M., Meredith, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+long+term+storage+on+tobacco+smoke+particulate+matter+in+in+vitro+genotoxicity+and+cytotoxicity+assays.">The effect of long term storage on tobacco smoke particulate matter in in vitro genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assays.</a> Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 65 (2), 196-200 (2013).</li><li>Roemer, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mainstream+Smoke+Chemistry+and+in+Vitro+and+In+Vivo+Toxicity+of+the+Reference+Cigarettes+3R4F+and+2R4F.">Mainstream Smoke Chemistry and in Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity of the Reference Cigarettes 3R4F and 2R4F.</a> Beitr. Zur Tab. Contrib. Tob. Res. 25 (1), (2014).</li><li>International Organization for Standards. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> ISO 3088:2012 Routine analytical cigarette smoking machine – Definitions and standard conditions. , (2012).</li><li>World Health Organization. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Standard Operating Procedure for Intense Smoking of Cigarettes. , (2012).</li><li>Brown, C. J., Cheng, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electronic+cigarettes:+product+characterisation+and+design+considerations.">Electronic cigarettes: product characterisation and design considerations.</a> Tob. Control. 23 (Suppl 2), ii4-ii10 (2014).</li><li>Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> CRM No. 81 - Routine Analytical Machine for E-Cigarette Aerosol Generation and Collection - Definitions and Standard Conditions. , (2015).</li><li>Thorne, D., Adamson, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+of+in+vitro+cigarette+smoke+exposure+systems.">A review of in vitro cigarette smoke exposure systems.</a> Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 65 (7-8), 1183-1193 (2013).</li><li>Klus, H., Boenke-Nimphius, B., M&#252;ller, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cigarette+Mainstream+Smoke:+The+Evolution+of+Methods+and+Devices+for+Generation,+Exposure+and+Collection.">Cigarette Mainstream Smoke: The Evolution of Methods and Devices for Generation, Exposure and Collection.</a> Beitr. Zur Tab. Contrib. Tob. Res. 27 (4), (2016).</li><li>Baker, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Development+and+Significance+of+Standards+for+Smoking-Machine+Methodology.">The Development and Significance of Standards for Smoking-Machine Methodology.</a> Beitr. Zur Tab. Contrib. Tob. Res. 20 (1), (2014).</li><li>Thorne, D., Crooks, I., Hollings, M., Seymour, A., Meredith, C., Gaca, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+mutagenic+assessment+of+an+electronic-cigarette+and+reference+cigarette+smoke+using+the+Ames+assay+in+strains+TA98+and+TA100.">The mutagenic assessment of an electronic-cigarette and reference cigarette smoke using the Ames assay in strains TA98 and TA100.</a> Mutat. Res. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. 812, 29-38 (2016).</li><li>Thorne, D., Larard, S., Baxter, A., Meredith, C., Ga&#1195;a, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+comparative+in+vitro+assessment+of+e-cigarette+and+cigarette+smoke+aerosols+using+the+&#947;H2AX+assay+and+applied+dose+measurements.">The comparative in vitro assessment of e-cigarette and cigarette smoke aerosols using the &#947;H2AX assay and applied dose measurements.</a> Toxicol. Lett. 265, 170-178 (2017).</li><li>Herrington, J. S., Myers, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electronic+cigarette+solutions+and+resultant+aerosol+profiles.">Electronic cigarette solutions and resultant aerosol profiles.</a> J. Chromatogr. A. 1418, 192-199 (2015).</li><li>Yu, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electronic+cigarettes+induce+DNA+strand+breaks+and+cell+death+independently+of+nicotine+in+cell+lines.">Electronic cigarettes induce DNA strand breaks and cell death independently of nicotine in cell lines.</a> Oral Oncol. 52, 58-65 (2016).</li><li>Ji, E. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+Electronic+Cigarette+Aerosol+and+Its+Induction+of+Oxidative+Stress+Response+in+Oral+Keratinocytes.">Characterization of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol and Its Induction of Oxidative Stress Response in Oral Keratinocytes.</a> PLOS ONE. 11 (5), e0154447 (2016).</li><li>Morgan, D. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+Reactivity+and+Respiratory+Toxicity+of+the+-Diketone+Flavoring+Agents:+2,3-Butanedione,+2,3-Pentanedione,+and+2,3-Hexanedione.">Chemical Reactivity and Respiratory Toxicity of the -Diketone Flavoring Agents: 2,3-Butanedione, 2,3-Pentanedione, and 2,3-Hexanedione.</a> Toxicol. Pathol. 44 (5), 763-783 (2016).</li><li>Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> CRM No. 84 - Determination of Glycerin, Propylene Glycol, Water, and Nicotine in the Aerosol of E-Cigarettes by Gas Chromatographic Analysis. , (2017).</li></ol>

本协议最关键的元素是确保设备在每次提取的开始和结束时都是干净的, 并确保所有的密封都保持稳定, 以使气流保持一致。如果设备没有被正确地清洗, 有风险在样品之间运载。此外, 如果设备在长时间内不洁, 凝结气溶胶和干溶剂就会堵塞系统。请注意, 这是正常的, 有一个压力下降时, 膨化一个传统的卷烟和气流表应调整, 以提供所需的气流期间的粉扑, 而不是当设备是拉动房间空气。该方法的?...

尽管保健组织作出了集中的努力, 但烟草产品的使用仍然是全世界可预防死亡的主要原因, 其中大多数死亡归因于吸烟的1。自2003年进入市场以来, 电子卷烟在烟草产品用户中的知名度越来越高。目前, 电子香烟是最流行的替代传统香烟在美国成年人 (〜 5%)2和最流行的尼古丁传递系统中间 (〜 5.3%) 和高中生 (〜 16%)3。如果目前的趋势继续下去, 电子卷烟有望取代传统的香烟, 为子孙后代。然而, 电子卷烟使用的健康后果仍不清楚。
电子卷烟的研究直到 2013年3,4的电子卷烟普及程度迅速增加, 才开始认真。自那时以来, 采用了一些不同的模式来解决其毒性问题。然而, 许多研究的结果是相互矛盾的, 虽然电子卷烟的毒性一般低于传统卷烟, 但目前没有就电子香烟的健康后果达成共识使用5,6,7. 我们以前的研究表明, 电子卷烟对血管内皮的毒性要比传统的香烟低得多, 尽管它们有能力引起 DNA 损伤和诱导氧化应激和细胞死亡,8.然而, 在我们得出关于电子卷烟使用的健康后果的确切结论之前, 需要进行更多的研究。
由于常规卷烟是可预防的血管疾病的主要病因9, 因此对电子卷烟使用的血管健康风险的兴趣与日俱增, 如10、11、12。为了研究电子香烟对血管系统的影响, 我们的实验室开发了一个单片机操作的冒烟/vaping 设备 (图 1)8。该装置能够在水或有机溶剂中产生传统卷烟烟雾或电子香烟气溶胶的液体萃取物。由于气流由可调式气流调节器和 PBASIC 定时程序的组合控制, 因此该装置可根据任意数量的用户定义的协议来生成提取物。在这里, 我们详细介绍了该设备的组装和操作以及两个潜在的应用:体外细胞活力评估和气相色谱质谱。
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56709/56709fig1.jpg"> 图 1: 吸烟/Vaping 设备.为吸烟/vaping 装置的物理装配示意图在香烟或香烟象电子香烟 (电子烟) 配置 (A) 和坦克电子香烟配置 (B)。组件键: 1) 吸入口;2) 初级收藏器;3) 溢流器;4) 傅书礼瓶真空疏水阀;5) 一般开式电磁阀;6) BS1 单片机;7) 气流调节器;8) 510 螺纹电子烟罐底座。<a href="//cloudflare.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/56709/56709fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">请单击此处查看此图的较大版本.</a>

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>12 V AC/DC Wall Mount Adaptor</td>
			<td>Digi-Key</td>
			<td>T1099-P5P-ND</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2.2 Ohm Resistors</td>
			<td>Digi-Key</td>
			<td>A105635-ND</td>
			<td>Used in tandem to generate the 4.4 Ohm resistance in Figure 2A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>330 Ohm Resistors</td>
			<td>Digi-Key</td>
			<td>330QBK-ND</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>510 Threaded Base</td>
			<td>NJoy</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Recovered by dismantalling a second generation NJoy electronic cigarette</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetic Acid, Glacial</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldritch</td>
			<td>A6283</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetone (Chromatography Grade)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldritch</td>
			<td>34850</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Basic Stamp Project Board</td>
			<td>Digi-Key</td>
			<td>27112-ND</td>
			<td>This board contains the BS1 Microcontroller, serial adaptor, power switch, and a barrel pin connector for the AC/DC Wall Mount Adaptor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Basic Stamp USB to Serial Adapter</td>
			<td>Digi-Key</td>
			<td>28030-ND</td>
			<td>An optional component to allow the BS1 serial adaptor to communicate through USB</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buchner Flask (Vacuum Flask) 250 mL</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>10545-854</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Clear Tape</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>S-9783</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Clear Vinyl Tubing, 3/8&#34; ID</td>
			<td>Watts</td>
			<td>443064</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EGM-2 Endothelial Cell Culture Medium</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>CC-3162</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Pharmco-Aaper</td>
			<td>111000200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flow Regulator</td>
			<td>Dwyer</td>
			<td>VFA-23-BV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gas Chromatograph</td>
			<td>Varian</td>
			<td>450-GC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass Syringe, 10 mL</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldritch</td>
			<td>Z314552</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass Syringe, 10 &#181;L</td>
			<td>Hamilton</td>
			<td>80300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High Vacuum Silicon Grease</td>
			<td>Dow Corning</td>
			<td>146355D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hose Clamp</td>
			<td>Precision Brand</td>
			<td>35125</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>PCS-100-013&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mass Spectrometer</td>
			<td>Varian</td>
			<td>300-MS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Midget Impinger</td>
			<td>Chemglass</td>
			<td>CG-1820-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neutral Red</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldritch</td>
			<td>N4638</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraffin Film</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>PM-992</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plate Seal Roller</td>
			<td>BioRad</td>
			<td>MSR0001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plate Seal; Foil</td>
			<td>Thermo</td>
			<td>276014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ring Stand 20&#34;</td>
			<td>American Educational Products</td>
			<td>7-G15-A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Solenoid Valve (normally open)</td>
			<td>US Solid</td>
			<td>USS2-00081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Solid State Relay</td>
			<td>Digi-Key</td>
			<td>CLA279-ND</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stand Clamp</td>
			<td>Eisco</td>
			<td>CH0688</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe Filter, PES, 0.22 um</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>SLGP033RS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe, 10 mL</td>
			<td>BD Syringe</td>
			<td>309604</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Through Hole Stopper, Size 6</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>59581-287</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vacuum Pump</td>
			<td>KNF Neuberger</td>
			<td>N86KTP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a microcontroller operated device for the generation of liquid extracts from conventional cigarette smoke and electronic cigarette aerosol

电子卷烟是中、高中学生最受欢迎的烟草产品, 是成人中最受欢迎的替代烟草产品。对电子卷烟使用的后果进行高质量、重复性的研究, 对于了解新出现的公共卫生问题和制定基于证据的监管政策至关重要。虽然越来越多的论文讨论电子卷烟, 但在各组的方法上几乎没有一致性, 对结果的共识也很少。在这里, 我们描述一个可编程的实验室设备, 可用于创建传统卷烟烟雾和电子香烟气溶胶提取物。本协议详细说明了该设备的组装和操作, 并演示了在两个示例应用程序中使用生成的提取物: 一个体外细胞活力测定和气相色谱质谱。该方法提供了一种直接比较传统卷烟和电子卷烟的工具, 是电子卷烟研究中一个容易进入的切入点。

在24小时内, 人类脐静脉内皮细胞暴露于传统的卷烟烟雾提取物 (EAE) 或电子香烟气溶胶提取物 (的), 有一个显着的 (控制与...... 控件 vs. EAE p< 0.01;n = 6) 细胞存活率降低 (图 3A)。提取物产生的膨化轮廓为 2, 2 秒, 55 毫升喷泡每分钟和正常化的基础上的摩尔浓度尼古丁的设备。暴露于500µM 消耗的尼古丁当量的学会极大地减少了活细胞到11.06 ±...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol at JoVE.com

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol

在这里, 我们描述一个可编程的实验室设备, 可用于创建传统卷烟烟雾和电子香烟气溶胶提取物。这种方法为直接比较传统卷烟和电子卷烟提供了一个有用的工具, 是电子卷烟研究中一个容易进入的切入点。

一种单片机操作装置, 用于生成传统卷烟烟雾和电子烟气溶胶中的液体萃取物

Electronic cigarettes are the most popular tobacco product among middle and high schoolers and are the most popular alternative tobacco product among ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

A Protocol for Detecting and Scavenging Gas-phase Free Radicals in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke

卷烟主流烟气中检测和清除气相自由基议定书

Cigarette smoking is associated with human cancers. It has been reported that most of the lung cancer deaths are caused by cigarette smoking 5,6,7,12.  ...

科研

生物工程

Bridging the Bio-Electronic Interface with Biofabrication

生物电子界面衔接与Biofabrication

Advancements in lab-on-a-chip technology promise to revolutionize both research and medicine through lower costs, better sensitivity, portability, and ...

Impact Assessment of Repeated Exposure of Organotypic 3D Bronchial and Nasal Tissue Culture Models to Whole Cigarette Smoke

反复接触器官的3D支气管及鼻部组织文化模型对整个卷烟烟雾的影响评估

Cigarette smoke (CS) has a major impact on lung biology and may result in the development of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ...

Generation of a Three-dimensional Full Thickness Skin Equivalent and Automated Wounding

三维全层皮肤的生成等效和自动伤人

In vitro models are a cost effective and ethical alternative to study cutaneous wound healing processes. Moreover, by using human cells, these models ...

Generation of Scalable, Metallic High-Aspect Ratio Nanocomposites in a Biological Liquid Medium

可扩展的，金属的高宽比纳米复合材料在生物液体中产生

The goal of this protocol is to describe the synthesis of two novel biocomposites with high-aspect ratio structures. The biocomposites consist of copper ...

Fabrication and Characterization of a Conformal Skin-like Electronic System for Quantitative, Cutaneous Wound Management

制作定量，皮肤伤口管理一个形皮肤般的电子系统与表征

Recent advances in the development of electronic technologies and biomedical devices offer opportunities for non-invasive, quantitative assessment of ...

Double Emulsion Generation Using a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Co-axial Flow Focus Device

Double Emulsion Generation Using a Polydimethylsiloxane PDMS Co-axial Flow Focus Device

复乳代使用聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）同轴流量聚焦设备

Double emulsions are useful in a number of biological and industrial applications in which it is important to have an aqueous carrier fluid. This paper ...

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

与复用电子检测的粒子的空间跟踪微流体平台

Microfluidic processing of biological samples typically involves differential manipulations of suspended particles under various force fields in order to ...

A Simple and Scalable Fabrication Method for Organic Electronic Devices on Textiles

关于纺织品有机电子设备的简单和可扩展的制作方法

Today, wearable electronics devices combine a large variety of functional, stretchable, and flexible technologies. However, in many cases, these devices ...

Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures

生物相容的液晶弹性体泡沫的合成中用作细胞支架的三维空间细胞培养

Here, we present a step-by-step preparation of a 3D, biodegradable, foam-like cell scaffold. These scaffolds were prepared by cross-linking star block ...