Name: a microcontroller operated device for the generation of liquid extracts from conventional cigarette smoke and electronic cigarette aerosol
Uploaded: 2018-01-18T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol at JoVE.com

Forfatterne anerkender assistance fra Dr. Robert Dotson Tulane University afdeling for celle og molekylærbiologi for hans hjælp i redigering håndskriftet og Dr. James Bollinger af Tulane Universitet Institut for kemi for sin assistance med massespektrometri protokol design. Forfatterne yderligere anerkender Tulane University afdeling for celle og Molekylærbiologi og Tulane Universitet Institut for kemi for deres støtte og brug af plads og udstyr. Dette arbejde blev støttet af en tobak produkt regulerende Science Research Fellowship til C. Anderson fra Tulane University School of Science og teknik.

1. montering af enheden
<ol><li>Sikre en 100 mL Buchner kolbe (figur 1, #4) til en stålring stå og skabe et vakuum fælde ved at udfylde det med 50 g af calcium chlorid kan fungere som et tørremiddel. Forsegle kolben med en gummiprop gennem hullet, wrap prop krydset med paraffin film, og køre en pipette gennem hullet.</li>
	<li>Brug vinyl slangen, Tilslut pipette strækker sig fra proppen til et t-kryds slange stik.</li>
	<li>Brug vinyl slangen, forbinde de to impinger (<strong class="...

<ol>
	<li>World Health Organization. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2011. , (2011).</li><li>Weaver, S. R., Majeed, B. A., Pechacek, T. F., Nyman, A. L., Gregory, K. R., Eriksen, M. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+electronic+nicotine+delivery+systems+and+other+tobacco+products+among+USA+adults,+2014:+results+from+a+national+survey.">Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems and other tobacco products among USA adults, 2014: results from a national survey.</a> Int. J. Public Health. 61 (2), 177-188 (2016).</li><li>Singh, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tobacco+Use+Among+Middle+and+High+School+Students+-+United+States,+2011–2015.">Tobacco Use Among Middle and High School Students - United States, 2011–2015.</a> MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 65 (14), 361-367 (2016).</li><li>Corey, C. G., Ambrose, B. K., Apelberg, B. J., King, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flavored+Tobacco+Product+Use+Among+Middle+and+High+School+Students--United+States,+2014.">Flavored Tobacco Product Use Among Middle and High School Students--United States, 2014.</a> MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 64 (38), 1066-1070 (2015).</li><li>Pisinger, C., D&#248;ssing, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+systematic+review+of+health+effects+of+electronic+cigarettes.">A systematic review of health effects of electronic cigarettes.</a> Prev. Med. 69, 248-260 (2014).</li><li>Callahan-Lyon, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electronic+cigarettes:+human+health+effects.">Electronic cigarettes: human health effects.</a> Tob. Control. 23 (Suppl 2), ii36-ii40 (2014).</li><li>Dinakar, C., O'Connor, G. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Health+Effects+of+Electronic+Cigarettes.">The Health Effects of Electronic Cigarettes.</a> N. Engl. J. Med. 375 (14), 1372-1381 (2016).</li><li>Anderson, C., Majeste, A., Hanus, J., Wang, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=E-cigarette+aerosol+exposure+induces+reactive+oxygen+species,+DNA+damage,+and+cell+death+in+vascular+endothelial+cells.">E-cigarette aerosol exposure induces reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and cell death in vascular endothelial cells.</a> Toxicol. Sci. Off. J. Soc. Toxicol. , (2016).</li><li>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Health Consequences of Smoking: 50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General. , (2014).</li><li>Farsalinos, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+the+Cytotoxic+Potential+of+Cigarette+Smoke+and+Electronic+Cigarette+Vapour+Extract+on+Cultured+Myocardial+Cells.">Comparison of the Cytotoxic Potential of Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapour Extract on Cultured Myocardial Cells.</a> Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. 10 (10), 5146-5162 (2013).</li><li>Schweitzer, K. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endothelial+disruptive+proinflammatory+effects+of+nicotine+and+e-cigarette+vapor+exposures.">Endothelial disruptive proinflammatory effects of nicotine and e-cigarette vapor exposures.</a> Am. J. Physiol. - Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 309 (2), L175-L187 (2015).</li><li>Putzhammer, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vapours+of+US+and+EU+Market+Leader+Electronic+Cigarette+Brands+and+Liquids+Are+Cytotoxic+for+Human+Vascular+Endothelial+Cells.">Vapours of US and EU Market Leader Electronic Cigarette Brands and Liquids Are Cytotoxic for Human Vascular Endothelial Cells.</a> PLOS ONE. 11 (6), e0157337 (2016).</li><li>Crooks, I., Dillon, D. M., Scott, J. K., Ballantyne, M., Meredith, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+long+term+storage+on+tobacco+smoke+particulate+matter+in+in+vitro+genotoxicity+and+cytotoxicity+assays.">The effect of long term storage on tobacco smoke particulate matter in in vitro genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assays.</a> Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 65 (2), 196-200 (2013).</li><li>Roemer, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mainstream+Smoke+Chemistry+and+in+Vitro+and+In+Vivo+Toxicity+of+the+Reference+Cigarettes+3R4F+and+2R4F.">Mainstream Smoke Chemistry and in Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity of the Reference Cigarettes 3R4F and 2R4F.</a> Beitr. Zur Tab. Contrib. Tob. Res. 25 (1), (2014).</li><li>International Organization for Standards. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> ISO 3088:2012 Routine analytical cigarette smoking machine – Definitions and standard conditions. , (2012).</li><li>World Health Organization. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Standard Operating Procedure for Intense Smoking of Cigarettes. , (2012).</li><li>Brown, C. J., Cheng, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electronic+cigarettes:+product+characterisation+and+design+considerations.">Electronic cigarettes: product characterisation and design considerations.</a> Tob. Control. 23 (Suppl 2), ii4-ii10 (2014).</li><li>Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> CRM No. 81 - Routine Analytical Machine for E-Cigarette Aerosol Generation and Collection - Definitions and Standard Conditions. , (2015).</li><li>Thorne, D., Adamson, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+of+in+vitro+cigarette+smoke+exposure+systems.">A review of in vitro cigarette smoke exposure systems.</a> Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 65 (7-8), 1183-1193 (2013).</li><li>Klus, H., Boenke-Nimphius, B., M&#252;ller, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cigarette+Mainstream+Smoke:+The+Evolution+of+Methods+and+Devices+for+Generation,+Exposure+and+Collection.">Cigarette Mainstream Smoke: The Evolution of Methods and Devices for Generation, Exposure and Collection.</a> Beitr. Zur Tab. Contrib. Tob. Res. 27 (4), (2016).</li><li>Baker, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Development+and+Significance+of+Standards+for+Smoking-Machine+Methodology.">The Development and Significance of Standards for Smoking-Machine Methodology.</a> Beitr. Zur Tab. Contrib. Tob. Res. 20 (1), (2014).</li><li>Thorne, D., Crooks, I., Hollings, M., Seymour, A., Meredith, C., Gaca, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+mutagenic+assessment+of+an+electronic-cigarette+and+reference+cigarette+smoke+using+the+Ames+assay+in+strains+TA98+and+TA100.">The mutagenic assessment of an electronic-cigarette and reference cigarette smoke using the Ames assay in strains TA98 and TA100.</a> Mutat. Res. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. 812, 29-38 (2016).</li><li>Thorne, D., Larard, S., Baxter, A., Meredith, C., Ga&#1195;a, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+comparative+in+vitro+assessment+of+e-cigarette+and+cigarette+smoke+aerosols+using+the+&#947;H2AX+assay+and+applied+dose+measurements.">The comparative in vitro assessment of e-cigarette and cigarette smoke aerosols using the &#947;H2AX assay and applied dose measurements.</a> Toxicol. Lett. 265, 170-178 (2017).</li><li>Herrington, J. S., Myers, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electronic+cigarette+solutions+and+resultant+aerosol+profiles.">Electronic cigarette solutions and resultant aerosol profiles.</a> J. Chromatogr. A. 1418, 192-199 (2015).</li><li>Yu, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electronic+cigarettes+induce+DNA+strand+breaks+and+cell+death+independently+of+nicotine+in+cell+lines.">Electronic cigarettes induce DNA strand breaks and cell death independently of nicotine in cell lines.</a> Oral Oncol. 52, 58-65 (2016).</li><li>Ji, E. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+Electronic+Cigarette+Aerosol+and+Its+Induction+of+Oxidative+Stress+Response+in+Oral+Keratinocytes.">Characterization of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol and Its Induction of Oxidative Stress Response in Oral Keratinocytes.</a> PLOS ONE. 11 (5), e0154447 (2016).</li><li>Morgan, D. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+Reactivity+and+Respiratory+Toxicity+of+the+-Diketone+Flavoring+Agents:+2,3-Butanedione,+2,3-Pentanedione,+and+2,3-Hexanedione.">Chemical Reactivity and Respiratory Toxicity of the -Diketone Flavoring Agents: 2,3-Butanedione, 2,3-Pentanedione, and 2,3-Hexanedione.</a> Toxicol. Pathol. 44 (5), 763-783 (2016).</li><li>Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> CRM No. 84 - Determination of Glycerin, Propylene Glycol, Water, and Nicotine in the Aerosol of E-Cigarettes by Gas Chromatographic Analysis. , (2017).</li></ol>

De mest kritiske elementer i denne protokol er at sikre, at enheden er rene i starten og slut af hvert udvinding, og at sikre, at alle sæler bevares så at luft flow forbliver konsistent. Hvis enheden ikke er ordentligt rengjort, er der en risiko for bære mellem prøver. Desuden, hvis enheden er venstre urene i en længere periode af tid kondenseret aerosol og tørret kan opløsningsmiddel blokere systemet. Bemærk at det er normalt for der for at være et trykfald ved puffing en konventionel cigaret og luftstrømmen m...

Trods en koncentreret indsats af sundhedsorganisationer forbliver brug af tobak produkt den førende årsag til forebyggelige dødsfald på verdensplan, med fleste af disse dødsfald tilskrives cigaret rygning1. Siden ind på markedet i 2003, har elektroniske cigaretter været stigende i popularitet blandt tobak produkt brugere. Elektroniske cigaretter er i øjeblikket den mest populære alternativ til konventionelle cigaretter blandt amerikanske voksne (~ 5%)2 og den mest populære nikotin delivery system blandt midten (~ 5,3%) og høj skoleelever (~ 16%)3. Hvis den nuværende udvikling fortsætter, kan elektroniske cigaretter forventes at erstatte konventionelle cigaretter for fremtidige generationer. Men de sundhedsmæssige konsekvenser af elektronisk cigaret brug stadig uklart.
Forskning i elektroniske cigaretter startede ikke for alvor, indtil elektronisk cigaret popularitet hurtigt steg i 20133,4. Siden dengang, har været ansat et antal forskellige modeller til at behandle spørgsmålet om deres toksicitet. Men resultaterne af mange undersøgelser er modstridende, og mens elektroniske cigaretter er generelt mindre giftige end konventionelle cigaretter er der tilsyneladende ingen nuværende konsensus om de sundhedsmæssige konsekvenser af elektronisk cigaret bruger5, 6 , 7. vores tidligere forskning viser, at elektroniske cigaretter er betydeligt mindre giftige for den vaskulære endotel end konventionelle cigaretter, trods deres evne til at forårsage DNA-skader og induktion af oxidativt stress og celle død8 . Men mere forskning er nødvendig før vi kan drage faste konklusioner om de sundhedsmæssige konsekvenser af elektronisk cigaret brug.
Som konventionelle cigaretter er en førende årsag til forebyggelige karsygdom9, der er en voksende interesse for vaskulær sundhedsrisikoen for elektroniske cigaret bruge10,11,12. For at studere virkningerne af elektroniske cigaretter på det vaskulære system, udviklet vores lab en microcontroller drives rygning/vaping enhed (figur 1)8. Denne enhed er i stand til at generere Flydende ekstrakter af enten konventionel cigaret røg eller elektronisk cigaret aerosol i enten vandige eller organiske opløsningsmidler. Som airflow styres af kombinationen af en justerbar air flow regulator og en PBASIC timing program, kan enheden bruges til at generere uddrag efter et vilkårligt antal brugerdefinerede protokoller. Her vi detalje forsamling og drift af denne enhed samt to potentielle anvendelser: i vitro celle levedygtighed vurdering og gaskromatografi massespektrometri.
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56709/56709fig1.jpg"> Figur 1: rygning/Vaping enhed. Skematisk til fysisk samling af rygning/vaping enheden i både cigaret/cigaret som elektroniske cigaretter (e-cig) konfiguration (A) og tank elektroniske cigaret konfiguration (B). Komponent nøgle: 1) indånding port; 2) primære samling impinger; 3) overløb impinger; 4) Buchner kolbe vakuum fælde; 5) normalt åbne magnetventil; 6) BS1 microcontroller; 7) air flow regulator; 8) 510 gevind elektronisk cigaret tank base. <a href="//cloudflare.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/56709/56709fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">Venligst klik her for at se en større version af dette tal.</a>

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>12 V AC/DC Wall Mount Adaptor</td>
			<td>Digi-Key</td>
			<td>T1099-P5P-ND</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2.2 Ohm Resistors</td>
			<td>Digi-Key</td>
			<td>A105635-ND</td>
			<td>Used in tandem to generate the 4.4 Ohm resistance in Figure 2A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>330 Ohm Resistors</td>
			<td>Digi-Key</td>
			<td>330QBK-ND</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>510 Threaded Base</td>
			<td>NJoy</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Recovered by dismantalling a second generation NJoy electronic cigarette</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetic Acid, Glacial</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldritch</td>
			<td>A6283</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetone (Chromatography Grade)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldritch</td>
			<td>34850</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Basic Stamp Project Board</td>
			<td>Digi-Key</td>
			<td>27112-ND</td>
			<td>This board contains the BS1 Microcontroller, serial adaptor, power switch, and a barrel pin connector for the AC/DC Wall Mount Adaptor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Basic Stamp USB to Serial Adapter</td>
			<td>Digi-Key</td>
			<td>28030-ND</td>
			<td>An optional component to allow the BS1 serial adaptor to communicate through USB</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buchner Flask (Vacuum Flask) 250 mL</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>10545-854</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Clear Tape</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>S-9783</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Clear Vinyl Tubing, 3/8&#34; ID</td>
			<td>Watts</td>
			<td>443064</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EGM-2 Endothelial Cell Culture Medium</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>CC-3162</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Pharmco-Aaper</td>
			<td>111000200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flow Regulator</td>
			<td>Dwyer</td>
			<td>VFA-23-BV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gas Chromatograph</td>
			<td>Varian</td>
			<td>450-GC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass Syringe, 10 mL</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldritch</td>
			<td>Z314552</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass Syringe, 10 &#181;L</td>
			<td>Hamilton</td>
			<td>80300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High Vacuum Silicon Grease</td>
			<td>Dow Corning</td>
			<td>146355D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hose Clamp</td>
			<td>Precision Brand</td>
			<td>35125</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>PCS-100-013&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mass Spectrometer</td>
			<td>Varian</td>
			<td>300-MS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Midget Impinger</td>
			<td>Chemglass</td>
			<td>CG-1820-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neutral Red</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldritch</td>
			<td>N4638</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraffin Film</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>PM-992</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plate Seal Roller</td>
			<td>BioRad</td>
			<td>MSR0001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plate Seal; Foil</td>
			<td>Thermo</td>
			<td>276014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ring Stand 20&#34;</td>
			<td>American Educational Products</td>
			<td>7-G15-A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Solenoid Valve (normally open)</td>
			<td>US Solid</td>
			<td>USS2-00081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Solid State Relay</td>
			<td>Digi-Key</td>
			<td>CLA279-ND</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stand Clamp</td>
			<td>Eisco</td>
			<td>CH0688</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe Filter, PES, 0.22 um</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>SLGP033RS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe, 10 mL</td>
			<td>BD Syringe</td>
			<td>309604</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Through Hole Stopper, Size 6</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>59581-287</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vacuum Pump</td>
			<td>KNF Neuberger</td>
			<td>N86KTP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a microcontroller operated device for the generation of liquid extracts from conventional cigarette smoke and electronic cigarette aerosol

Elektroniske cigaretter er det mest populære tobak produkt blandt midten og høj skoleelever og er den mest populære alternative tobaksvare blandt voksne. Høj kvalitet, reproducerbare forskning i følgerne af elektroniske cigaret brug er afgørende for forståelse emerging hensynet til folkesundheden og crafting beviser baseret lovgivningspolitik. Mens et stigende antal papirer diskutere elektroniske cigaretter, er der lidt sammenhæng i metoder på tværs af grupper og meget lidt konsensus om resultaterne. Her, beskriver vi en programmerbar laboratorium enhed, der kan bruges til at oprette ekstrakter af konventionelle cigaret røg og elektronisk cigaret aerosol. Denne protokol detaljer instruktioner til forsamling og drift af nævnte enhed og demonstrerer brugen af den genererede ekstrakt i to prøve applikationer: en in vitro- celle levedygtighed assay og gaskromatografi massespektrometri. Denne metode giver et værktøj til at foretage direkte sammenligninger mellem konventionelle cigaretter og elektronisk cigaretter, og er en tilgængelig indgang til elektronisk cigaret forskning.

Senest 24 timer efter eksponering af menneskelige umbilical vene endotelceller til enten konventionel cigaretrøg ekstrakt (CSE) eller elektronisk cigaret aerosol ekstrakt (EAE), der er en betydelig (kontrol vs. CSE P < 0,001; kontrol vs. EAE Pedersen < 0,01; n = 6) reduktion i cellernes levedygtighed (figur 3A). Uddrag blev genereret med en stønnen profil af 2, 2 sekunder, 55 mL puffs pr minut og normaliserede baseret på molære koncentra...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol at JoVE.com

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol

Her, beskriver vi en programmerbar laboratorium enhed, der kan bruges til at oprette ekstrakter af konventionelle cigaret røg og elektronisk cigaret aerosol. Denne metode giver et nyttigt værktøj til at foretage direkte sammenligninger mellem konventionelle cigaretter og elektronisk cigaretter, og er en tilgængelig indgang til elektronisk cigaret forskning.

En Microcontroller drives enhed for Generation af flydende ekstrakter fra konventionelle cigaret røg og elektronisk cigaret Aerosol

Electronic cigarettes are the most popular tobacco product among middle and high schoolers and are the most popular alternative tobacco product among ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

A Protocol for Detecting and Scavenging Gas-phase Free Radicals in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke

En protokol til Afsløring og latrintømning Gas-fase frie radikaler i Mainstream cigaretrøg

Cigarette smoking is associated with human cancers. It has been reported that most of the lung cancer deaths are caused by cigarette smoking 5,6,7,12.  ...

Bridging the Bio-Electronic Interface with Biofabrication

Bridging Bio-elektroniske grænseflade med Biofabrication

Advancements in lab-on-a-chip technology promise to revolutionize both research and medicine through lower costs, better sensitivity, portability, and ...

Impact Assessment of Repeated Exposure of Organotypic 3D Bronchial and Nasal Tissue Culture Models to Whole Cigarette Smoke

Konsekvensanalyse af gentagen eksponering af organotypisk 3D bronchiale og Nasal vævskultur Modeller til Whole Cigarette Smoke

Cigarette smoke (CS) has a major impact on lung biology and may result in the development of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ...

Generation of a Three-dimensional Full Thickness Skin Equivalent and Automated Wounding

Generation af en tre-dimensionel fuld tykkelse Skin Equivalent og Automated Anskydning

In vitro models are a cost effective and ethical alternative to study cutaneous wound healing processes. Moreover, by using human cells, these models ...

Generation of Scalable, Metallic High-Aspect Ratio Nanocomposites in a Biological Liquid Medium

Generation af skalerbare, Metallic High-Aspect Ratio nanokompositter i en biologisk Liquid Medium

The goal of this protocol is to describe the synthesis of two novel biocomposites with high-aspect ratio structures. The biocomposites consist of copper ...

Fabrication and Characterization of a Conformal Skin-like Electronic System for Quantitative, Cutaneous Wound Management

Fremstilling og karakterisering af en Conformal Hud-lignende elektroniske system for kvantitativ, Kutan Wound Management

Recent advances in the development of electronic technologies and biomedical devices offer opportunities for non-invasive, quantitative assessment of ...

Double Emulsion Generation Using a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Co-axial Flow Focus Device

Double Emulsion Generation Using a Polydimethylsiloxane PDMS Co-axial Flow Focus Device

Dobbelt Emulsion Generation Ved hjælp af en Polydimethylsiloxan (PDMS) Co-axial Flow Focus Device

Double emulsions are useful in a number of biological and industrial applications in which it is important to have an aqueous carrier fluid. This paper ...

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

Mikrofluid Platform med Multiplexed Elektronisk Detection for fysisk sporing af partikler

Microfluidic processing of biological samples typically involves differential manipulations of suspended particles under various force fields in order to ...

A Simple and Scalable Fabrication Method for Organic Electronic Devices on Textiles

En simpel og skalerbar Fabrication Metode til Økologisk Elektroniske enheder om tekstiler

Today, wearable electronics devices combine a large variety of functional, stretchable, and flexible technologies. However, in many cases, these devices ...

Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures

Syntese af Biokompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Skum som Cell Stilladser til 3D Spatial Cell Cultures

Here, we present a step-by-step preparation of a 3D, biodegradable, foam-like cell scaffold. These scaffolds were prepared by cross-linking star block ...