Name: a microcontroller operated device for the generation of liquid extracts from conventional cigarette smoke and electronic cigarette aerosol
Uploaded: 2018-01-18T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol at JoVE.com

Forfatterne bekrefter hjelp av Dr. Robert Dotson Tulane University avdeling av cellen og molekylærbiologi hans hjelp med redigering manuskriptet og Dr. James Bollinger av Tulane University Institutt for kjemi for hans hjelp med massespektrometri protokollen design. Forfatterne videre erkjenner Tulane University avdeling av cellen og molekylærbiologi og Tulane University Institutt for kjemi for deres støtte og bruk av plass og utstyr. Dette arbeidet ble støttet av et tobakk produkt regulatoriske vitenskap forskning fellesskap å C. Anderson fra Tulane University School of Science og Engineering.

1. montering av enheten
<ol><li>Sikre en 100 mL Buchner kolbe (figur 1, #4) til en stål ring stå og lage et vakuum overtrykk ved å fylle den med 50 g av veisalt å tjene som en tørkemiddel. Forsegle flasken en gummipropp gjennom hull, bryte disables krysset med parafin film og kjøre en pipette gjennom hullet.</li>
	<li>Bruker vinyl slangen, koble pipette strekker seg fra stopperen på en t-kryss slangen kobling.</li>
	<li>Bruke vinyl slangen, koble to impinger (fi...

<ol>
	<li>World Health Organization. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2011. , (2011).</li><li>Weaver, S. R., Majeed, B. A., Pechacek, T. F., Nyman, A. L., Gregory, K. R., Eriksen, M. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+electronic+nicotine+delivery+systems+and+other+tobacco+products+among+USA+adults,+2014:+results+from+a+national+survey.">Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems and other tobacco products among USA adults, 2014: results from a national survey.</a> Int. J. Public Health. 61 (2), 177-188 (2016).</li><li>Singh, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tobacco+Use+Among+Middle+and+High+School+Students+-+United+States,+2011–2015.">Tobacco Use Among Middle and High School Students - United States, 2011–2015.</a> MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 65 (14), 361-367 (2016).</li><li>Corey, C. G., Ambrose, B. K., Apelberg, B. J., King, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flavored+Tobacco+Product+Use+Among+Middle+and+High+School+Students--United+States,+2014.">Flavored Tobacco Product Use Among Middle and High School Students--United States, 2014.</a> MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 64 (38), 1066-1070 (2015).</li><li>Pisinger, C., D&#248;ssing, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+systematic+review+of+health+effects+of+electronic+cigarettes.">A systematic review of health effects of electronic cigarettes.</a> Prev. Med. 69, 248-260 (2014).</li><li>Callahan-Lyon, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electronic+cigarettes:+human+health+effects.">Electronic cigarettes: human health effects.</a> Tob. Control. 23 (Suppl 2), ii36-ii40 (2014).</li><li>Dinakar, C., O'Connor, G. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Health+Effects+of+Electronic+Cigarettes.">The Health Effects of Electronic Cigarettes.</a> N. Engl. J. Med. 375 (14), 1372-1381 (2016).</li><li>Anderson, C., Majeste, A., Hanus, J., Wang, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=E-cigarette+aerosol+exposure+induces+reactive+oxygen+species,+DNA+damage,+and+cell+death+in+vascular+endothelial+cells.">E-cigarette aerosol exposure induces reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and cell death in vascular endothelial cells.</a> Toxicol. Sci. Off. J. Soc. Toxicol. , (2016).</li><li>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Health Consequences of Smoking: 50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General. , (2014).</li><li>Farsalinos, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+the+Cytotoxic+Potential+of+Cigarette+Smoke+and+Electronic+Cigarette+Vapour+Extract+on+Cultured+Myocardial+Cells.">Comparison of the Cytotoxic Potential of Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapour Extract on Cultured Myocardial Cells.</a> Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. 10 (10), 5146-5162 (2013).</li><li>Schweitzer, K. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endothelial+disruptive+proinflammatory+effects+of+nicotine+and+e-cigarette+vapor+exposures.">Endothelial disruptive proinflammatory effects of nicotine and e-cigarette vapor exposures.</a> Am. J. Physiol. - Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 309 (2), L175-L187 (2015).</li><li>Putzhammer, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vapours+of+US+and+EU+Market+Leader+Electronic+Cigarette+Brands+and+Liquids+Are+Cytotoxic+for+Human+Vascular+Endothelial+Cells.">Vapours of US and EU Market Leader Electronic Cigarette Brands and Liquids Are Cytotoxic for Human Vascular Endothelial Cells.</a> PLOS ONE. 11 (6), e0157337 (2016).</li><li>Crooks, I., Dillon, D. M., Scott, J. K., Ballantyne, M., Meredith, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+long+term+storage+on+tobacco+smoke+particulate+matter+in+in+vitro+genotoxicity+and+cytotoxicity+assays.">The effect of long term storage on tobacco smoke particulate matter in in vitro genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assays.</a> Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 65 (2), 196-200 (2013).</li><li>Roemer, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mainstream+Smoke+Chemistry+and+in+Vitro+and+In+Vivo+Toxicity+of+the+Reference+Cigarettes+3R4F+and+2R4F.">Mainstream Smoke Chemistry and in Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity of the Reference Cigarettes 3R4F and 2R4F.</a> Beitr. Zur Tab. Contrib. Tob. Res. 25 (1), (2014).</li><li>International Organization for Standards. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> ISO 3088:2012 Routine analytical cigarette smoking machine – Definitions and standard conditions. , (2012).</li><li>World Health Organization. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Standard Operating Procedure for Intense Smoking of Cigarettes. , (2012).</li><li>Brown, C. J., Cheng, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electronic+cigarettes:+product+characterisation+and+design+considerations.">Electronic cigarettes: product characterisation and design considerations.</a> Tob. Control. 23 (Suppl 2), ii4-ii10 (2014).</li><li>Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> CRM No. 81 - Routine Analytical Machine for E-Cigarette Aerosol Generation and Collection - Definitions and Standard Conditions. , (2015).</li><li>Thorne, D., Adamson, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+of+in+vitro+cigarette+smoke+exposure+systems.">A review of in vitro cigarette smoke exposure systems.</a> Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 65 (7-8), 1183-1193 (2013).</li><li>Klus, H., Boenke-Nimphius, B., M&#252;ller, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cigarette+Mainstream+Smoke:+The+Evolution+of+Methods+and+Devices+for+Generation,+Exposure+and+Collection.">Cigarette Mainstream Smoke: The Evolution of Methods and Devices for Generation, Exposure and Collection.</a> Beitr. Zur Tab. Contrib. Tob. Res. 27 (4), (2016).</li><li>Baker, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Development+and+Significance+of+Standards+for+Smoking-Machine+Methodology.">The Development and Significance of Standards for Smoking-Machine Methodology.</a> Beitr. Zur Tab. Contrib. Tob. Res. 20 (1), (2014).</li><li>Thorne, D., Crooks, I., Hollings, M., Seymour, A., Meredith, C., Gaca, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+mutagenic+assessment+of+an+electronic-cigarette+and+reference+cigarette+smoke+using+the+Ames+assay+in+strains+TA98+and+TA100.">The mutagenic assessment of an electronic-cigarette and reference cigarette smoke using the Ames assay in strains TA98 and TA100.</a> Mutat. Res. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. 812, 29-38 (2016).</li><li>Thorne, D., Larard, S., Baxter, A., Meredith, C., Ga&#1195;a, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+comparative+in+vitro+assessment+of+e-cigarette+and+cigarette+smoke+aerosols+using+the+&#947;H2AX+assay+and+applied+dose+measurements.">The comparative in vitro assessment of e-cigarette and cigarette smoke aerosols using the &#947;H2AX assay and applied dose measurements.</a> Toxicol. Lett. 265, 170-178 (2017).</li><li>Herrington, J. S., Myers, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electronic+cigarette+solutions+and+resultant+aerosol+profiles.">Electronic cigarette solutions and resultant aerosol profiles.</a> J. Chromatogr. A. 1418, 192-199 (2015).</li><li>Yu, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electronic+cigarettes+induce+DNA+strand+breaks+and+cell+death+independently+of+nicotine+in+cell+lines.">Electronic cigarettes induce DNA strand breaks and cell death independently of nicotine in cell lines.</a> Oral Oncol. 52, 58-65 (2016).</li><li>Ji, E. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+Electronic+Cigarette+Aerosol+and+Its+Induction+of+Oxidative+Stress+Response+in+Oral+Keratinocytes.">Characterization of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol and Its Induction of Oxidative Stress Response in Oral Keratinocytes.</a> PLOS ONE. 11 (5), e0154447 (2016).</li><li>Morgan, D. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+Reactivity+and+Respiratory+Toxicity+of+the+-Diketone+Flavoring+Agents:+2,3-Butanedione,+2,3-Pentanedione,+and+2,3-Hexanedione.">Chemical Reactivity and Respiratory Toxicity of the -Diketone Flavoring Agents: 2,3-Butanedione, 2,3-Pentanedione, and 2,3-Hexanedione.</a> Toxicol. Pathol. 44 (5), 763-783 (2016).</li><li>Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> CRM No. 84 - Determination of Glycerin, Propylene Glycol, Water, and Nicotine in the Aerosol of E-Cigarettes by Gas Chromatographic Analysis. , (2017).</li></ol>

De viktigste elementene i denne protokollen er enheten er rent i starten og fullføre hver utvinning, og sikrer at alle sel vedlikeholdes slik at luftstrømmen forblir konsekvent. Hvis enheten ikke er riktig renset, er det en risiko for bære over mellom eksempler. I tillegg, hvis enheten forlates urent for lengre tid kondensert aerosol og tørket kan løsemiddel blokkere systemet. Merk at det er vanlig for det for å være et trykkfall når puffing en tradisjonell sigarett og luftstrømmen måleren skal justeres for å ...

Til tross for en konsentrert innsats av helseorganisasjoner er tobakk produktbruk den ledende årsaken til forebygges død over hele verden, med fleste av disse dødsfallene tilskrives sigarett røyking1. Siden inn i markedet i 2003, har elektroniske sigaretter vært økende i popularitet blant tobakk produkt. Elektroniske sigaretter er for tiden den mest populære alternativet til vanlige sigaretter blant amerikanske voksne (~ 5%)2 og de mest populære nikotin leveringssystemet blant midten (~ 5,3%) og høy schoolers (~ 16%)3. Hvis dagens tendenser fortsetter, kan elektroniske sigaretter forventes å erstatte konvensjonelle sigaretter for fremtidige generasjoner. Helsekonsekvensene av elektronisk sigarett bruk beholdes imidlertid uklart.
Forskning på elektroniske sigaretter ble ikke startet for alvor til elektronisk sigarett popularitet økte raskt i 20133,4. Siden den gangen har har en rekke forskjellige modeller vært ansatt å ta opp spørsmålet om giftigheten. Men resultatene av mange studier er i konflikt, og mens det synes at elektroniske sigaretter er generelt mindre toksiske enn konvensjonelle sigaretter det er ingen gjeldende konsensus på helsekonsekvensene av elektroniske sigaretten bruker5, 6 , 7. vår tidligere forskning indikerer at elektroniske sigaretter er betydelig mindre giftig for vaskulære endotelet enn konvensjonelle sigaretter, til tross for deres evne til å føre DNA skade og induksjon av oksidativt stress og celle død8 . Men er mer forskning nødvendig før vi kan trekke bastante konklusjoner om helsemessige konsekvenser av elektroniske sigaretten.
Som vanlige sigaretter er en ledende årsak til forebygges karsykdom9, det er en økende interesse i vaskulær helserisiko for elektronisk sigarett Bruk10,11,12. For å studere effekten av elektroniske sigaretter på vaskulære system, utviklet vår lab microcontroller drives røyking/vaping enheten (figur 1)8. Denne enheten er i stand til å generere flytende ekstrakter av enten konvensjonelle sigarett røyk eller elektronisk sigarett aerosol i vandig eller organiske løsemidler. Som luftstrømmen er kontrollert av en kombinasjon av en Regulerbar air flow regulator og PBASIC timing program, kan enheten brukes til å generere utdrag noen antall brukerdefinerte protokoller. Her vi detalj til montering og drift av enheten samt to bruksmuligheter: i vitro celle levedyktighet vurdering og gass-Ture massespektrometri.
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56709/56709fig1.jpg"> Figur 1: røyking/Vaping enheten. Skjematisk for fysisk montering av røyking/vaping enheten i både sigarett/sigarett som elektronisk sigarett (e-cig) konfigurasjon (A) og tank elektronisk sigarett konfigurasjonen (B). Komponenten nøkkel: 1) innånding havnen. 2) primære samling impinger; 3) overflyt impinger; 4) Buchner kolbe vakuum felle; 5) normalt åpen magnetventil; 6) BS1 microcontroller; 7) luft flyt regulator; 8) 510 gjenget elektronisk sigarett tank base. <a href="//cloudflare.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/56709/56709fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">Klikk her for å se en større versjon av dette tallet.</a>

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>12 V AC/DC Wall Mount Adaptor</td>
			<td>Digi-Key</td>
			<td>T1099-P5P-ND</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2.2 Ohm Resistors</td>
			<td>Digi-Key</td>
			<td>A105635-ND</td>
			<td>Used in tandem to generate the 4.4 Ohm resistance in Figure 2A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>330 Ohm Resistors</td>
			<td>Digi-Key</td>
			<td>330QBK-ND</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>510 Threaded Base</td>
			<td>NJoy</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Recovered by dismantalling a second generation NJoy electronic cigarette</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetic Acid, Glacial</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldritch</td>
			<td>A6283</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetone (Chromatography Grade)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldritch</td>
			<td>34850</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Basic Stamp Project Board</td>
			<td>Digi-Key</td>
			<td>27112-ND</td>
			<td>This board contains the BS1 Microcontroller, serial adaptor, power switch, and a barrel pin connector for the AC/DC Wall Mount Adaptor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Basic Stamp USB to Serial Adapter</td>
			<td>Digi-Key</td>
			<td>28030-ND</td>
			<td>An optional component to allow the BS1 serial adaptor to communicate through USB</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buchner Flask (Vacuum Flask) 250 mL</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>10545-854</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Clear Tape</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>S-9783</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Clear Vinyl Tubing, 3/8&#34; ID</td>
			<td>Watts</td>
			<td>443064</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EGM-2 Endothelial Cell Culture Medium</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>CC-3162</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Pharmco-Aaper</td>
			<td>111000200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flow Regulator</td>
			<td>Dwyer</td>
			<td>VFA-23-BV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gas Chromatograph</td>
			<td>Varian</td>
			<td>450-GC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass Syringe, 10 mL</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldritch</td>
			<td>Z314552</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass Syringe, 10 &#181;L</td>
			<td>Hamilton</td>
			<td>80300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High Vacuum Silicon Grease</td>
			<td>Dow Corning</td>
			<td>146355D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hose Clamp</td>
			<td>Precision Brand</td>
			<td>35125</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>PCS-100-013&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mass Spectrometer</td>
			<td>Varian</td>
			<td>300-MS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Midget Impinger</td>
			<td>Chemglass</td>
			<td>CG-1820-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neutral Red</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldritch</td>
			<td>N4638</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraffin Film</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>PM-992</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plate Seal Roller</td>
			<td>BioRad</td>
			<td>MSR0001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plate Seal; Foil</td>
			<td>Thermo</td>
			<td>276014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ring Stand 20&#34;</td>
			<td>American Educational Products</td>
			<td>7-G15-A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Solenoid Valve (normally open)</td>
			<td>US Solid</td>
			<td>USS2-00081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Solid State Relay</td>
			<td>Digi-Key</td>
			<td>CLA279-ND</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stand Clamp</td>
			<td>Eisco</td>
			<td>CH0688</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe Filter, PES, 0.22 um</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>SLGP033RS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe, 10 mL</td>
			<td>BD Syringe</td>
			<td>309604</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Through Hole Stopper, Size 6</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>59581-287</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vacuum Pump</td>
			<td>KNF Neuberger</td>
			<td>N86KTP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a microcontroller operated device for the generation of liquid extracts from conventional cigarette smoke and electronic cigarette aerosol

Elektroniske sigaretter er det mest populære produktet blant midten og høye schoolers og det mest populære alternative produktet blant voksne. Høy kvalitet, reproduserbar oppslag på konsekvensene av elektronisk sigarett bruk er viktig for forståelse nye helse bekymringer og laging bevis basert regulerende politikk. Mens et økende antall artikler diskutere elektroniske sigaretter, er det litt konsistens i metoder på tvers av grupper og lite konsensus om resultatene. Her beskriver vi en programmerbar laboratorium enhet som kan brukes til å opprette ekstrakter av konvensjonelle sigarett røyk og elektronisk sigarett aerosol. Denne protokollen detaljer instruksjoner for montering og drift av sa enheten, og demonstrerer bruken av genererte ekstrakt i to eksempelprogrammer: en i vitro celle levedyktighet analysen og gass-Ture massespektrometri. Denne metoden gir et verktøy for å lage sammenlikninger mellom tradisjonell sigaretter og elektroniske sigaretter, og er en tilgjengelig inngangspunkt til elektronisk sigarett forskning.

Innen 24 timer etter eksponering for menneskelig umbilical blodåre endotelceller konvensjonelle sigarettrøyk ekstrakt (CSE) eller elektronisk sigarett aerosol ekstrakt (EAE), det er en betydelig (kontroll vs CSE P < 0,001; kontroll vs EAE P < 0.01; n = 6) reduksjon i cellen levedyktighet (figur 3A). Ekstrakter ble generert med en puffing profil av 2, to andre, 55 mL puffs per minutt og normalisert basert på molar konsentrasjon av nikotin ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol at JoVE.com

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol

Her beskriver vi en programmerbar laboratorium enhet som kan brukes til å opprette ekstrakter av konvensjonelle sigarett røyk og elektronisk sigarett aerosol. Denne metoden gir et nyttig verktøy for å lage sammenlikninger mellom tradisjonell sigaretter og elektroniske sigaretter, og er en tilgjengelig inngangspunkt til elektronisk sigarett forskning.

En Microcontroller drives enhet for generering av flytende ekstrakter fra konvensjonelle sigarett røyk og elektronisk sigarett Aerosol

Electronic cigarettes are the most popular tobacco product among middle and high schoolers and are the most popular alternative tobacco product among ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

A Protocol for Detecting and Scavenging Gas-phase Free Radicals in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke

En protokoll for å oppdage og scavenging Gass-fase frie radikaler i Mainstream sigarettrøyk

Cigarette smoking is associated with human cancers. It has been reported that most of the lung cancer deaths are caused by cigarette smoking 5,6,7,12.  ...

Bridging the Bio-Electronic Interface with Biofabrication

Bridging the Bio-elektronisk grensesnitt med Biofabrication

Advancements in lab-on-a-chip technology promise to revolutionize both research and medicine through lower costs, better sensitivity, portability, and ...

Impact Assessment of Repeated Exposure of Organotypic 3D Bronchial and Nasal Tissue Culture Models to Whole Cigarette Smoke

Konsekvensutredning av gjentatt eksponering av organotypiske 3D Bronkitt og Nasal Tissue Kultur Modeller til Whole sigarettrøyk

Cigarette smoke (CS) has a major impact on lung biology and may result in the development of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ...

Generation of a Three-dimensional Full Thickness Skin Equivalent and Automated Wounding

Generering av en Tredimensjonal Full Tykkelse hudekvivalent og Automated såret

In vitro models are a cost effective and ethical alternative to study cutaneous wound healing processes. Moreover, by using human cells, these models ...

Generation of Scalable, Metallic High-Aspect Ratio Nanocomposites in a Biological Liquid Medium

Generering av skalerbare, Metallic høy Aspect Ratio Nanocomposites i en biologisk væske Medium

The goal of this protocol is to describe the synthesis of two novel biocomposites with high-aspect ratio structures. The biocomposites consist of copper ...

Fabrication and Characterization of a Conformal Skin-like Electronic System for Quantitative, Cutaneous Wound Management

Fabrikasjon og karakterisering av en Conformal Skin-lignende Electronic System for Quantitative, Kutan sårbehandling

Recent advances in the development of electronic technologies and biomedical devices offer opportunities for non-invasive, quantitative assessment of ...

Double Emulsion Generation Using a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Co-axial Flow Focus Device

Double Emulsion Generation Using a Polydimethylsiloxane PDMS Co-axial Flow Focus Device

Double Emulsion Generation Ved hjelp av en Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Koaksial Flow Focus Device

Double emulsions are useful in a number of biological and industrial applications in which it is important to have an aqueous carrier fluid. This paper ...

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

Microfluidic Plattform med multiplekset Electronic Detection for Spatial Sporing av partikler

Microfluidic processing of biological samples typically involves differential manipulations of suspended particles under various force fields in order to ...

A Simple and Scalable Fabrication Method for Organic Electronic Devices on Textiles

En enkel og skalerbar Fabrication Metode for Organiske Elektroniske enheter på Tekstil

Today, wearable electronics devices combine a large variety of functional, stretchable, and flexible technologies. However, in many cases, these devices ...

Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures

Syntese av Biokompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Skum som Cell Stillas for 3D Spatial cellekulturer

Here, we present a step-by-step preparation of a 3D, biodegradable, foam-like cell scaffold. These scaffolds were prepared by cross-linking star block ...