Name: observation and analysis of blinking surface-enhanced raman scattering
Uploaded: 2018-01-11T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Observation and Analysis of Blinking Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering at JoVE.com

Forfatteren Takk Prof Y. Ozaki (Kwansei Gakuin University) og Dr. T. Itoh (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology) for deres fruktbar diskusjon av dette arbeidet. Dette arbeidet ble støttet av KAKENHI (Grant-in-Aid for vitenskapelig forskning C) fra Kunnskapsdepartementet, kultur, sport, vitenskap og teknologi (nr. 16K 05671).

1. sample forberedelse
<ol><li>
Utarbeidelse av sølv kolloidalt nanopartikler 20<ol>
<li>For å utvikle silver kolloidalt nanopartikler, løses 0.030 g av sølv nitrat og 0.030 g trisodium citrate dihydrate i 150 mL vann i en 200-mL runde bunnen kolbe.</li>
		<li>Kombiner flasken med en reflux (Dimroth) kondensator.</li>
		<li>Rør løsningen i flasken med en magnetisk rørestang og rør. Deretter varme den gripende løsningen i flasken i et bad av olje på 150 ° C for 60 min....

<ol>
	<li>Qian, X. M., Nie, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-molecule+and+single-nanoparticle+SERS:+from+fundamental+mechanisms+to+biomedical+applications.">Single-molecule and single-nanoparticle SERS: from fundamental mechanisms to biomedical applications.</a> Chem. Soc. Rev. 37, 912-920 (2008).</li><li>Pieczonka, N. P. W., Aroca, R. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single+molecule+analysis+by+surfaced-enhanced+Raman+scattering.">Single molecule analysis by surfaced-enhanced Raman scattering.</a> Chem. Soc. Rev. 37, 946-954 (2008).</li><li>Kneipp, J., Kneipp, H., Kneipp, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SERS+-a+single-molecule+and+nanoscale+tool+for+bioanalytics.">SERS -a single-molecule and nanoscale tool for bioanalytics.</a> Chem. Soc. Rev. 37, 1052-1060 (2008).</li><li>Kitahama, Y., Ozaki, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+blinking+SERS+by+a+power+law+with+an+exponential+function.">Analysis of blinking SERS by a power law with an exponential function.</a> Frontiers of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering: Single-Nanoparticles and Single Cells. , (2014).</li><li>Kitahama, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Truncated+Power+Law+Analysis+of+Blinking+SERS.">Truncated Power Law Analysis of Blinking SERS.</a> Frontiers of Plasmon Enhanced Spectroscopy Volume 1 (ACS Symposium series Vol. 1245). , (2016).</li><li>Bizzarri, A. R., Cannistraro, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=L&#233;vy+Statistics+of+Vibrational+Mode+Fluctuations+of+Single+Molecules+from+Surface-Enhanced+Raman+Scattering.">L&#233;vy Statistics of Vibrational Mode Fluctuations of Single Molecules from Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering.</a> Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 068303 (2005).</li><li>Kitahama, Y., Tanaka, Y., Itoh, T., Ozaki, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Power-law+analysis+of+surface-plasmon-enhanced+electromagnetic+field+dependence+of+blinking+SERS+of+thiacyanine+or+thiacarbocyanine+adsorbed+on+single+silver+nanoaggregates.">Power-law analysis of surface-plasmon-enhanced electromagnetic field dependence of blinking SERS of thiacyanine or thiacarbocyanine adsorbed on single silver nanoaggregates.</a> Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13, 7439-7448 (2011).</li><li>Kitahama, Y., Tanaka, Y., Itoh, T., Ozaki, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+excitation+laser+intensity+dependence+of+blinking+SERRS+of+thiacarbocyanine+adsorbed+on+single+silver+nanoaggregates+by+using+a+power+law+with+an+exponential+function.">Analysis of excitation laser intensity dependence of blinking SERRS of thiacarbocyanine adsorbed on single silver nanoaggregates by using a power law with an exponential function.</a> Chem. Commun. 47, 3888-3890 (2011).</li><li>Kitahama, Y., Enogaki, A., Tanaka, Y., Itoh, T., Ozaki, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Truncated+power+law+analysis+of+blinking+SERS+of+thiacyanine+molecules+adsorbed+on+single+silver+nanoaggregates+by+excitation+at+various+wavelengths.">Truncated power law analysis of blinking SERS of thiacyanine molecules adsorbed on single silver nanoaggregates by excitation at various wavelengths.</a> J. Phys. Chem. C. 117, 9397-9403 (2013).</li><li>Kitahama, Y., Araki, D., Yamamoto, Y. S., Itoh, T., Ozaki, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Different+behaviour+of+molecules+in+dark+SERS+state+on+colloidal+Ag+nanoparticles+estimated+by+truncated+power+law+analysis+of+blinking+SERS.">Different behaviour of molecules in dark SERS state on colloidal Ag nanoparticles estimated by truncated power law analysis of blinking SERS.</a> Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17, 21204-21210 (2015).</li><li>Kitahama, Y., Nagahiro, T., Tanaka, Y., Itoh, T., Ozaki, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+blinking+from+multicoloured+SERS-active+Ag+colloidal+nanoaggregates+with+poly-L-lysine+via+truncated+power+law.">Analysis of blinking from multicoloured SERS-active Ag colloidal nanoaggregates with poly-L-lysine via truncated power law.</a> J. Raman. Spectrosc. 48, 570-577 (2017).</li><li>Habuchi, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-Molecule+Surface+Enhanced+Resonance+Raman+Spectroscopy+of+the+Enhanced+Green+Fluorescent+Protein.">Single-Molecule Surface Enhanced Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of the Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein.</a> J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 8446-8447 (2003).</li><li>Weiss, A., Haran, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Time-Dependent+Single-Molecule+Raman+Scattering+as+a+Probe+of+Surface+Dynamics.">Time-Dependent Single-Molecule Raman Scattering as a Probe of Surface Dynamics.</a> J. Phys. Chem. B. 105, 12348-12354 (2001).</li><li>Emory, S. R., Jensen, R. A., Wenda, T., Han, M., Nie, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Re-examining+the+origins+of+spectral+blinking+in+single-molecule+and+single-nanoparticle+SERS.">Re-examining the origins of spectral blinking in single-molecule and single-nanoparticle SERS.</a> Faraday Discuss. 132, 249-259 (2006).</li><li>Itoh, T., Iga, M., Tamaru, H., Yoshida, K., Biju, V., Ishikawa, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+evaluation+of+blinking+in+surface+enhanced+resonance+Raman+scattering+and+fluorescence+by+electromagnetic+mechanism.">Quantitative evaluation of blinking in surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering and fluorescence by electromagnetic mechanism.</a> J. Chem. Phys. 136, 024703 (2012).</li><li>Willets, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Super-resolution+imaging+of+SERS+hot+spots.">Super-resolution imaging of SERS hot spots.</a> Chem. Soc. Rev. 43, 3854-3864 (2014).</li><li>Dieringer, J. A., Lettan, R. B., Scheidt, K. A., Van Duyne, R. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Frequency+Domain+Existence+Proof+of+Single-Molecule+Surface-Enhanced+Raman+Spectroscopy.">A Frequency Domain Existence Proof of Single-Molecule Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.</a> J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 16249-16256 (2007).</li><li>Cichos, F., von Borczyskowski, C., Orrit, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Power-law+intermittency+of+single+emitters.">Power-law intermittency of single emitters.</a> Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 12, 272-284 (2007).</li><li>Tang, J., Marcus, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+of+fluorescence+blinking+in+semiconductor+nanocrystal+quantum+dots.">Mechanisms of fluorescence blinking in semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots.</a> J. Chem. Phys. 123, 054704 (2005).</li><li>Lee, P. C., Meisel, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adsorption+and+surface-enhanced+Raman+of+dyes+on+silver+and+gold+sols.">Adsorption and surface-enhanced Raman of dyes on silver and gold sols.</a> J. Phys. Chem. 86, 3391-3395 (1982).</li><li>Krichevsky, O., Bonnet, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescence+correlation+spectroscopy:+the+technique+and+its+applications.">Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy: the technique and its applications.</a> Rep. Prog. Phys. 65, 251-297 (2002).</li><li>Hess, S. T., Huang, S., Heikal, A. A., Webb, W. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biological+and+Chemical+Applications+of+Fluorescence+Correlation+Spectroscopy:+A+Review.">Biological and Chemical Applications of Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy: A Review.</a> Biochemistry. 41, 697-705 (2002).</li></ol>

Fra en nanoaggregate veikryss slippes SERS. Derfor trenger vi å forberede nanoaggregates i stedet for kolloidalt nanopartikler, som er dekket med citrate anioner. Sølv aggregater er dannet av salting ut effekten skapt av tillegg av poly-L-lysin, som har -NH3+ og er opphavet til SERS, eller Na+ kasjoner fra NaCl, som vist i Figur S2 av supplerende materiale. Videre for å belyse de mange stedene i området bredt, leveres ufokusert laserstrålen i en vinkel på 30° i for...

Overflaten forbedret Raman spredning (SERS) er svært følsom Raman spektroskopi fra en noble metall-overflate. Siden Raman spekteret gir detaljert informasjon om molekylære struktur basert på de skarpe peak stillingene, gjennom vibrasjonsmedisin moduser av funksjonelle grupper i molekylene, kan informasjon om et enkel molekyl på metall undersøkes bruke SERS1,2,3. Fra en sølv nanoaggregate med en adsorbate på enkelt-molekylet nivå, er en blinkende signal observert1,2,3,4,5,6, 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16og spekteret svinger1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 9,,10,,11,,12,,13,,14. Blinker kan være forårsaket av et eneste molekyl som tilfeldig flytter inn og ut av en forbedret elektromagnetiske (EM)-feltet på en nanometer størrelse sølv nanoaggregate junction. Derfor anses blinker enkel bevis for single-molekylet oppdagelsen, sammenlignet med en teknikken bruker en Poisson-fordelingen av SERS intensitet og en bi-analytt2,3,17. Detaljert mekanismer for blinkende og varierende spekteret, kan sterkt avhengig molekylær atferd på Ag overflaten, er imidlertid fortsatt kontroversielt.
I tidligere studier er blinker SERS analysert ved hjelp av funksjonen autokorrelasjon, som kan beregne diffusjon koeffisient og konsentrasjonen av molekyler flytting av en forbedret EM feltet12,13,14 . Videre er en normalisert standardavvik score, som representerer ustabilitet i totale intensiteten, avledet fra tid profilen av signal15. Men kan disse analytiske tilnærminger være basert på oppførselen til noen molekyler. Derimot i en super-oppløsning avbildning av blinkende SERS, kan enkelt-molekylet situasjonen i et forbedret EM-felt være identifisert16. Disse teknikkene kan imidlertid få slike parametre i en forbedret EM-feltet. Tilfeldig virkemåten til et enkel molekyl innenfor (for eksempel i blinker SERS) kan representeres som en strøm lov i stedet for en gjennomsnittlig4,5,6,7,8 ,9,10,11, ligner blinkende fluorescens fra en enkelt semiconductor quantum dot (QD)18,19. Ved hjelp av en strøm lov analyse4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11, molekylær atferd kan anslås i både lyse tilstand (i feltet for forbedret EM) og mørk staten10; dvs kan virkemåten til molekylet over hele sølv overflaten estimeres.
Denne teknikken, sølv kolloidalt nanoaggregates er brukt4,5,6,,7,,8,,9,,10,,11. Disse nanoaggregates viser forskjellige lokaliserte overflaten plasmon resonans (LSPR) band som sterkt påvirker forbedret elektromagnetiske felt når de er spent på visse bølgelengder. Dermed kan umiddelbart SERS aktive silver nanopartikler finnes i kolloidalt suspensjon, og noen data hentes. Ved enkle nanostrukturer, som har bestemte utskriftsstørrelser, figurer og ordninger, kan LSPR avhengigheten av SERS blinker skjule andre avhengigheter7; nemlig, hvis det bra eller dårlig nanostructure til LSPR, parameterne er konstant, og de andre avhengigheter vil derfor være skjult. Power loven analyse er brukt til å oppdage ulike avhengigheter av den blinkende SERS sølv kolloidalt nanoaggregates4,5,6,7,8, 9 , 10 , 11.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:639px;" width="638">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:227px;">Silver nitrate, 99.8%</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Wako</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">194-00832</td>
			<td style="width:211px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:227px;">Trisodium citrate dihydrate, 99. %</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Wako</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">191-01785</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:227px;">Poly-L-lysine aqueous solution, 0.1%</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P8920</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="116">
			<td height="116" style="height:116px;width:227px;">3,3&#39;-disulfopropylthiacyanine triethylamine</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NK-2703</td>
			<td>a kind of thiacyanine dyes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="116">
			<td height="116" style="height:116px;width:227px;">3,3&#39;-diethyl-5,5&#39;-dichloro-9-methylthiacarbocyanine iodine salt</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SMP-9</td>
			<td>a kind of thiacarobocyanine dyes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:227px;">Sodium chloride, 99.5%</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Wako</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">191-01665</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:227px;">Dimroth condenser</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Iwaki</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">61-9722-22</td>
			<td>perchased from AS ONE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:227px;">Magnetic stirrer</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DC-420D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:227px;">Oil bath</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Advantech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">OS-220</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:227px;">Glass plate</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Matsunami</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S-1112</td>
			<td>Microscope slide</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:227px;">Blower</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Hozan</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Z-288</td>
			<td>Air duster</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="116">
			<td height="116" style="height:116px;width:227px;">Liquid blocker pen</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Daido Sangyo</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:211px;">LIQUID BLOCKER (Super Pap Pen). Ready-to-use hydrophobic barrier pen designed for immunohistochemistry applications</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:227px;">Inverted microscope</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">IX-70</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:227px;">Objective lens</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">LCPlanFl 60&#215;</td>
			<td>NA 0.7</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:227px;">Dark field condenser</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">U-DCD</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">NA 0.8&#8211;0.92</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:227px;">Cooled digital CCD camera</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Hamamatsu</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ORCA-AG</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">controlled by software Aqua Cosmos</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="59">
			<td height="59" style="height:59px;width:227px;">Software for the cooled digital CCD camera</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Hamamatsu</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AquaCosmos</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">used for also derivation of the time-profiles from the blinking spots in the video&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:227px;">Color CCD camera</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">ELMO</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TNC-C920</td>
			<td>not used for analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="59">
			<td height="59" style="height:59px;width:227px;">DPSS laser</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">RGB laser system</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NovaPro532-75</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">&#955; = 532 nm; 
			60 mW (corresponds to a power density of 600 W/cm2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:227px;">Interference filter</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Semrock</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">LL01-532-12.5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:227px;">Long pass filter</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Semrock</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BLP01-532R-25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="59">
			<td height="59" style="height:59px;width:227px;">Software for the distinguishment and counting of the bright/dark events</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">home-maid</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>programmed by C++</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:227px;">Software for the fitting by a power law</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">LightStone</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Origin6.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

observation and analysis of blinking surface-enhanced raman scattering

Fra et eneste molekyl på en sølv nanoaggregate junction, er blinker overflaten forbedret Raman spredning (SERS) observert. Her, en protokoll presenteres deg de SERS-aktive sølv nanoaggregate, spille inn en video av visse blinker i mikroskopiske bildet og analysere blinkende statistikken. I denne analysen var gjengir en strøm lov sannsynlighetsfordelinger for lyse hendelser i forhold til varigheten. Sannsynlighetsfordelinger for mørk begivenheter er utstyrt med en strøm lov med en eksponentiell funksjon. Parameterne for power loven representerer molekylær atferd i både lyse og mørke stater. Tilfeldig spasertur modellen og hastigheten på molekylet over hele sølv overflaten kan estimeres. Det er vanskelig å anslå selv når gjennomsnitt, autokorrelasjon funksjoner og super-oppløsning SERS bildebehandling. I fremtiden, bør power loven analyser kombineres med spektral imaging fordi opprinnelsen til blinker ikke bekreftes av denne analysemetode alene.

Fra den sølv nanoaggregates med poly-L-lysine utarbeidet av protokollen 1.2, er flerfargede blinkende flekker fra SERS og overflaten forbedret fluorescens observert, som vist i figur 111. Derimot ble monotont blinkende flekker fra SERS observert i sølv nanoaggregates med fargestoff molekyler utarbeidet av protokollen 1.37,8,9,<sup...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Observation and Analysis of Blinking Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering at JoVE.com

Observation and Analysis of Blinking Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering

Denne protokollen beskriver analyse av blinkende overflaten forbedret Raman spredning på grunn av random walk av et eneste molekyl på en sølv overflate med makt lover.

Observasjon og analyse av blinkende overflaten forbedret Raman spredning

From a single molecule at a silver nanoaggregate junction, blinking surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is observed. Here, a protocol is presented on ...

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We demonstrate a method to fabricate highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) substrates using a filter syringe system that can be ...

Preparation of Biopolymer Aerogels Using Green Solvents

Utarbeidelse av Biopolymer Aerogels Bruke Grønne Løsemidler

Although the first reports on aerogels made by Kistler1 in the 1930s dealt with aerogels from both inorganic oxides (silica and others) and biopolymers ...

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer

En ny teknikk for Raman analyse av høyradioaktivt Prøver Bruke noen standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer

A novel approach for the Raman measurement of nuclear materials is reported in this paper. It consists of the enclosure of the radioactive sample in a ...

Raman and IR Spectroelectrochemical Methods as Tools to Analyze Conjugated Organic Compounds

Raman og IR Spectroelectrochemical metoder som verktøy for å analysere konjugert organiske forbindelser

In the presented work, two spectroelectrochemical techniques are discussed as tools for the analysis of the structural changes occurring in the molecule ...

DNA-magnetic Particle Binding Analysis by Dynamic and Electrophoretic Light Scattering

DNA-magnetiske partikler bindende analyse av dynamisk og Electrophoretic lysspredning

Isolation of DNA using magnetic particles is a field of high importance in biotechnology and molecular biology research. This protocol describes the ...

Application of Voltage in Dynamic Light Scattering Particle Size Analysis

Anvendelse av spenning i dynamisk lys spredning partikkel størrelse analyse

Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a common method for characterizing the size distribution of polymers, proteins, and other nano- and microparticles. ...

Preparation of Nanoparticles for ToF-SIMS and XPS Analysis

Forberedelse av nanopartikler for ToF-SIMS og XPS-analyse

Nanoparticles have gained increasing attention in recent years due to their potential and application in different fields including medicine, cosmetics, ...

Neutron Crystallography Data Collection and Processing for Modelling Hydrogen Atoms in Protein Structures

Nøytronkrystallografi Datainnsamling og prosessering for modellering av hydrogenatomer i proteinstrukturer

Neutron crystallography is a structural technique that allows determination of hydrogen atom positions within biological macromolecules, yielding ...

Direct Comparison of Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Scattering and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy for Chemical Imaging

Direkte sammenligning av hyperspektral stimulert Raman-spredning og koherent anti-Stokes Raman-spredningsmikroskopi for kjemisk avbildning

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy are the most widely used coherent Raman scattering imaging ...

﻿Analyzing the Heterogeneous Performance of Single Nanoparticles with Electrochemical Methods

Tracking Electrochemistry on Single Nanoparticles with Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectroscopy and Microscopy

Tracking Electrochemistry on Single Nanoparticles with Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectroscopy and Microscopy (Video) | JoVE 

Sporing av elektrokjemi på enkle nanopartikler med overflateforbedret Raman-spredningsspektroskopi og mikroskopi

Studying electrochemical reactions on single nanoparticles is important to understand the heterogeneous performance of individual nanoparticles. This ...