Name: adult mouse drg explant and dissociated cell models to investigate neuroplasticity and responses to environmental insults including viral infection
Uploaded: 2018-03-09T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Adult Mouse DRG Explant and Dissociated Cell Models to Investigate Neuroplasticity and Responses to Environmental Insults Including Viral Infection at JoVE.co

我们衷心感谢中西部大学的影像核心设施 (MWU) 和学生组 [Chanmoly、克里斯托弗 Dipollina、达里尔 Giambalvo 和凯西 Sigerson] 在细胞培养和成像工作中的贡献。这项研究工作得到了 MWU 的内部拨款资助, 用于中频和研究开办基金 V.T。

所有的程序, 包括使用这些动物都得到了机构审查委员会批准的议定书 (IACUC-中西部大学) 的批准。
1. 从小鼠胚胎中收获根背根
<ol><li>
用窒息法弄死成年小鼠 (CO2), 然后斩首。立即进行手术切除椎体柱。
	<ol>
<li>用细剪刀切开皮肤层背, 露出椎柱。通过切开柱子两侧的肋骨, 通过骶骨将椎柱与其他动物分开, 来隔离椎柱。</li>
		<li>使用针/针将椎体柱 (腹侧向...

<ol>
	<li>Muratori, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+new+neurons+in+dorsal+root+Ganglia+in+adult+rats+after+peripheral+nerve+crush+injury.">Generation of new neurons in dorsal root Ganglia in adult rats after peripheral nerve crush injury.</a> Neural Plast. , 860546 (2015).</li><li>Dellarole, A., Grilli, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adult+dorsal+root+ganglia+sensory+neurons+express+the+early+neuronal+fate+marker+doublecortin.">Adult dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons express the early neuronal fate marker doublecortin.</a> J Comp Neurol. 511 (3), 318-328 (2008).</li><li>Devor, M., Govrin-Lippmann, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neurogenesis+in+adult+rat+dorsal+root+ganglia.">Neurogenesis in adult rat dorsal root ganglia.</a> Neurosci Lett. 61 (1-2), 189-194 (1985).</li><li>Farel, P. B., Boyer, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transient+effects+of+nerve+injury+on+estimates+of+sensory+neuron+number+in+juvenile+bullfrog.">Transient effects of nerve injury on estimates of sensory neuron number in juvenile bullfrog.</a> J Comp Neurol. 410 (2), 171-177 (1999).</li><li>Geuna, S., Borrione, P., Poncino, A., Giacobini-Robecchi, M. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Morphological+and+morphometrical+changes+in+dorsal+root+ganglion+neurons+innervating+the+regenerated+lizard+tail.">Morphological and morphometrical changes in dorsal root ganglion neurons innervating the regenerated lizard tail.</a> Int J Dev Neurosci. 16 (2), 85-95 (1998).</li><li>La Forte, R. A., Melville, S., Chung, K., Coggeshall, R. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Absence+of+neurogenesis+of+adult+rat+dorsal+root+ganglion+cells.">Absence of neurogenesis of adult rat dorsal root ganglion cells.</a> Somatosens Mot Res. 8 (1), 3-7 (1991).</li><li>Pannese, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Investigations+on+the+Ultrastructural+Changes+of+the+Spinal+Ganglion+Neurons+in+the+Course+of+Axon+Regeneration+and+Cell+Hypertrophy+I.+Changes+during+Axon+Regeneration.">Investigations on the Ultrastructural Changes of the Spinal Ganglion Neurons in the Course of Axon Regeneration and Cell Hypertrophy I. Changes during Axon Regeneration.</a> Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat. 60, 711-740 (1963).</li><li>Popken, G. J., Farel, P. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sensory+neuron+number+in+neonatal+and+adult+rats+estimated+by+means+of+stereologic+and+profile-based+methods.">Sensory neuron number in neonatal and adult rats estimated by means of stereologic and profile-based methods.</a> J Comp Neurol. 386 (1), 8-15 (1997).</li><li>Tandrup, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Unbiased+estimates+of+number+and+size+of+rat+dorsal+root+ganglion+cells+in+studies+of+structure+and+cell+survival.">Unbiased estimates of number and size of rat dorsal root ganglion cells in studies of structure and cell survival.</a> J Neurocytol. 33 (2), 173-192 (2004).</li><li>Sarikcioglu, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+severe+crush+injury+on+axonal+regeneration:+a+functional+and+ultrastructural+study.">Effect of severe crush injury on axonal regeneration: a functional and ultrastructural study.</a> J Reconstr Microsurg. 23 (3), 143-149 (2007).</li><li>Varejao, A. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+and+morphological+assessment+of+a+standardized+rat+sciatic+nerve+crush+injury+with+a+non-serrated+clamp.">Functional and morphological assessment of a standardized rat sciatic nerve crush injury with a non-serrated clamp.</a> J Neurotrauma. 21 (11), 1652-1670 (2004).</li><li>Hanack, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=GABA+blocks+pathological+but+not+acute+TRPV1+pain+signals.">GABA blocks pathological but not acute TRPV1 pain signals.</a> Cell. 160 (4), 759-770 (2015).</li><li>Pagadala, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Loss+of+NR1+subunit+of+NMDARs+in+primary+sensory+neurons+leads+to+hyperexcitability+and+pain+hypersensitivity:+involvement+of+Ca(2+)-activated+small+conductance+potassium+channels.">Loss of NR1 subunit of NMDARs in primary sensory neurons leads to hyperexcitability and pain hypersensitivity: involvement of Ca(2+)-activated small conductance potassium channels.</a> J Neurosci. 33 (33), 13425-13430 (2013).</li><li>Zhang, X. L., Albers, K. M., Gold, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inflammation-induced+increase+in+nicotinic+acetylcholine+receptor+current+in+cutaneous+nociceptive+DRG+neurons+from+the+adult+rat.">Inflammation-induced increase in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor current in cutaneous nociceptive DRG neurons from the adult rat.</a> Neuroscience. 284, 483-499 (2015).</li><li>Zhu, Y., Lu, S. G., Gold, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Persistent+inflammation+increases+GABA-induced+depolarization+of+rat+cutaneous+dorsal+root+ganglion+neurons+in+vitro.">Persistent inflammation increases GABA-induced depolarization of rat cutaneous dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro.</a> Neuroscience. 220, 330-340 (2012).</li><li>Amir, R., Devor, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+cross-excitation+between+afferent+A-+and+C-neurons+in+dorsal+root+ganglia.">Functional cross-excitation between afferent A- and C-neurons in dorsal root ganglia.</a> Neuroscience. 95 (1), 189-195 (2000).</li><li>Kim, Y. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coupled+Activation+of+Primary+Sensory+Neurons+Contributes+to+Chronic+Pain.">Coupled Activation of Primary Sensory Neurons Contributes to Chronic Pain.</a> Neuron. 91 (5), 1085-1096 (2016).</li><li>Lancaster, M. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebral+organoids+model+human+brain+development+and+microcephaly.">Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly.</a> Nature. 501 (7467), 373-379 (2013).</li><li>Qian, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Brain-Region-Specific+Organoids+Using+Mini-bioreactors+for+Modeling+ZIKV+Exposure.">Brain-Region-Specific Organoids Using Mini-bioreactors for Modeling ZIKV Exposure.</a> Cell. 165 (5), 1238-1254 (2016).</li><li>Lowery, L. A., Van Vactor, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+trip+of+the+tip:+understanding+the+growth+cone+machinery.">The trip of the tip: understanding the growth cone machinery.</a> Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 10 (5), 332-343 (2009).</li><li>Dickson, B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+mechanisms+of+axon+guidance.">Molecular mechanisms of axon guidance.</a> Science. 298 (5600), 1959-1964 (2002).</li><li>Miller, C., Shanks, H., Witt, A., Rutkowski, G., Mallapragada, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oriented+Schwann+cell+growth+on+micropatterned+biodegradable+polymer+substrates.">Oriented Schwann cell growth on micropatterned biodegradable polymer substrates.</a> Biomaterials. 22 (11), 1263-1269 (2001).</li><li>Clark, P., Connolly, P., Curtis, A. S., Dow, J. A., Wilkinson, C. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Topographical+control+of+cell+behaviour:+II.+Multiple+grooved+substrata.">Topographical control of cell behaviour: II. Multiple grooved substrata.</a> Development. 108 (4), 635-644 (1990).</li><li>Antinone, S. E., Smith, G. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retrograde+axon+transport+of+herpes+simplex+virus+and+pseudorabies+virus:+a+live-cell+comparative+analysis.">Retrograde axon transport of herpes simplex virus and pseudorabies virus: a live-cell comparative analysis.</a> J Virol. 84 (3), 1504-1512 (2010).</li><li>Holland, D. J., Miranda-Saksena, M., Boadle, R. A., Armati, P., Cunningham, A. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anterograde+transport+of+herpes+simplex+virus+proteins+in+axons+of+peripheral+human+fetal+neurons:+an+immunoelectron+microscopy+study.">Anterograde transport of herpes simplex virus proteins in axons of peripheral human fetal neurons: an immunoelectron microscopy study.</a> J Virol. 73 (10), 8503-8511 (1999).</li><li>Sharthiya, H., Seng, C., Van Kuppevelt, T. H., Tiwari, V., Fornaro, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HSV-1+interaction+to+3-O-sulfated+heparan+sulfate+in+mouse-derived+DRG+explant+and+profiles+of+inflammatory+markers+during+virus+infection.">HSV-1 interaction to 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate in mouse-derived DRG explant and profiles of inflammatory markers during virus infection.</a> J Neurovirol. 23 (3), 483-491 (2017).</li><li>Zerboni, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Herpes+simplex+virus+1+tropism+for+human+sensory+ganglion+neurons+in+the+severe+combined+immunodeficiency+mouse+model+of+neuropathogenesis.">Herpes simplex virus 1 tropism for human sensory ganglion neurons in the severe combined immunodeficiency mouse model of neuropathogenesis.</a> J Virol. 87 (5), 2791-2802 (2013).</li><li>Koyuncu, O. O., Hogue, I. B., Enquist, L. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Virus+infections+in+the+nervous+system.">Virus infections in the nervous system.</a> Cell Host Microbe. 13 (4), 379-393 (2013).</li><li>Swanson, P. A., McGavern, D. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Viral+diseases+of+the+central+nervous+system.">Viral diseases of the central nervous system.</a> Curr Opin Virol. 11, 44-54 (2015).</li><li>Tyler, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Emerging+viral+infections+of+the+central+nervous+system:+part+2.">Emerging viral infections of the central nervous system: part 2.</a> Arch Neurol. 66 (9), 1065-1074 (2009).</li><li>Preston, C., Efstathiou, S., Campadelli-Fiume, G., Arvin, A., Mocarski, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ch+33.">Ch 33.</a> Human Herpesviruses Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis. , (2007).</li><li>Roizman, B., Whitley, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+inquiry+into+the+molecular+basis+of+HSV+latency+and+reactivation.">An inquiry into the molecular basis of HSV latency and reactivation.</a> Annu Rev Microbiol. 67, 355-374 (2013).</li><li>Whitley, R., Kimberlin, . D. W., Prober, C. G., Arvin, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Human Herpesviruses: Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis. , (2007).</li><li>Fueshko, S., Wray, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=LHRH+cells+migrate+on+peripherin+fibers+in+embryonic+olfactory+explant+cultures:+an+in+vitro+model+for+neurophilic+neuronal+migration.">LHRH cells migrate on peripherin fibers in embryonic olfactory explant cultures: an in vitro model for neurophilic neuronal migration.</a> Dev Biol. 166 (1), 331-348 (1994).</li><li>Parish, C. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+heparan+sulphate+in+inflammation.">The role of heparan sulphate in inflammation.</a> Nat Rev Immunol. 6 (9), 633-643 (2006).</li><li>Zhang, X., Wang, B., Li, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Implications+of+heparan+sulfate+and+heparanase+in+neuroinflammation.">Implications of heparan sulfate and heparanase in neuroinflammation.</a> Matrix Biol. 35, 174-181 (2014).</li><li>Du, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Local+GABAergic+signaling+within+sensory+ganglia+controls+peripheral+nociceptive+transmission.">Local GABAergic signaling within sensory ganglia controls peripheral nociceptive transmission.</a> J Clin Invest. 127 (5), 1741-1756 (2017).</li><li>Hughes, C. S., Postovit, L. M., Lajoie, G. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Matrigel:+a+complex+protein+mixture+required+for+optimal+growth+of+cell+culture.">Matrigel: a complex protein mixture required for optimal growth of cell culture.</a> Proteomics. 10 (9), 1886-1890 (2010).</li></ol>

前体背节模型对于研究各种事件 (如神经元-胶质细胞相互作用) 以及微环境对神经元和胶质代谢的影响 (37) 极为有用。此外, 根背节模型可作为一种成本效益高的工具, 通过开发前体内系统进行急性慢性和潜伏感染阶段或某种疾病, 以此解决有关致病机制和相关标记的相关问题。此外, 在根背节外植体中的小分子筛查库可以利用这种植块模型进行药物开发。体外...

在这篇手稿中, 我们报告了一个方法, 以获得一个脊髓的前体模型的小鼠神经根神经节模型系统作为一种保存的组织样的微环境, 以调查广泛的生物学反应, 从神经胶质的污辱范围相互作用, 可塑性, 炎症标志物, 病毒感染。此外, 我们进一步制定了一个协议, 以建立一个主要的共同文化的根神经节衍生的单一感官神经元和卫星细胞。
根背节是位于中枢神经系统外的卫星灰色物质单元, 沿脊髓神经的脊柱脊髓根部。神经节, 位于椎间孔附近, pseudounipolar 的感觉神经元和卫星胶质细胞。pseudounipolar 神经元的特点是一个单一的突起, 它分裂成一个外围过程, 将躯体和内脏的输入从外围目标带到细胞体, 以及将感官信息从细胞体提交中枢神经系统的中心过程。结缔组织胶囊定义并分离出中枢神经系统的神经元和胶质细胞的外围簇。无产后细胞迁移到或从根背根曾经被描述和一个地方干细胞利基负责的神经性事件发生在整个生命中1。因此, 这个模型特别适合研究成人神经发生, axonogenesis, 创伤性病变的反应, 细胞死亡2,3,4,5,6,7 ,8,9 。
在 neuroregeneration 领域中, 从体内和说明体外中收获的根神经节重现 axonotmesis, 这是一种损伤状态, 其中轴突完全切断, 神经元细胞体与支配目标10 分离。 ,11。众所周知, 周围神经损伤会导致节根节内的基因表达减少和增加, 许多这些变化是再生过程的结果, 但许多可能也是由于免疫应答或来自非神经细胞的另一种反应。通过使用一个孤立的根神经节的前体系统, 这些复杂性被删除, 机械通路可以更容易地调查。
除了它在向中枢神经系统传递感官输入的中心作用外, 许多神经递质的受体丰富, 包括 GABA12,13,14,15在神经元躯体的水平以及神经元间交叉激励的证据可能表明, 根背根是成熟的感官输入的初步集成商 16, 17.这些新发现给根背节外植体提供了类似于其他 "微型脑" 模型的微型神经元网络系统的特性, 这是神经组织特异的 organoids 用于更广泛的实验领域的调查和治疗神经疾病的方法18,19。这些证据连同根背根是一个离散和明确定义的神经组织簇包围的结缔组织胶囊, 使它成为一个合适的器官为前体移植。
培养小鼠背根是一种有吸引力的多细胞选择模型的人 pathophysiologies 由于结构和遗传相似的物种之间。此外, 一个大的转基因小鼠菌株储存库, 是非常有利于未来的机械研究。突起延长在开发期间和在损伤以后需要机械相互作用在成长锥体和基体之间20,21。纳米和微阵列基材已被用作工具, 以指导突起的产物, 并表明他们的能力, 以响应地形特征在他们的微环境。神经元已经被证明可以生存, 坚持, 迁移, 并定向他们的轴突, 以导航表面特征, 如凹槽在基板22,23。然而, 这些研究通常利用培养的细胞系, 很难预测主要神经细胞将如何响应明确定义的, 物理提示在体内或前体。
本建议使用的小鼠背根的前体外植体模型模拟了生长轴突周围的真实细胞细胞相互作用和生物化学线索。在许多不同的实验范式, 从轴突再生, 干细胞生产, 到 neuroinflammation, 根背根外植体模型继续作为一个宝贵的工具来调查病毒感染和潜伏期方面的感官神经节24,25,26,27。
神经系统 (NS) 一般是病毒感染的目标28,29,30。大多数病毒感染上皮和内皮细胞表面, 并通过周围神经感觉和运动纤维从表面组织到 NS 的途径。特别是, 在上皮细胞最初感染后, 单纯疱疹病毒1型 (HSV-1) 在感觉神经节中建立终生潜伏期, 最好是31,32的背根。HSV-1 neuroptropic 的感染的能力最终导致神经系统疾病的33。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Adult Mice NIH/Swiss</td>
			<td>Harlan Laboratories</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>35mm petri dish</td>
			<td>Cell Treat</td>
			<td>229635</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matrigel ECM</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>E1270</td>
			<td>gelatinous protein mixture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>F12 Media</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11765-054</td>
			<td>*Part of SFM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase IV</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C5138</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>25200-056</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FBS</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>F6178</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.22um filter</td>
			<td>BD Falcon</td>
			<td>352350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neurobasal media</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10888-022</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>B27 supplement</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>17504-044</td>
			<td>Supplement for neuronal culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PSN antibiotics</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15640-055</td>
			<td>*Part of SFM media 
			Antibiotic mixture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutamate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G7513</td>
			<td>*Part of SFM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NGF</td>
			<td>Alomone Labs</td>
			<td>N-100</td>
			<td>Nerve growth factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laminin coated coverslide</td>
			<td>Neuvitro</td>
			<td>GG-14-Laminin</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ONPG subtrate</td>
			<td>Pierce</td>
			<td>34055</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>X-gal</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15520034</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antibody anti-B-tubulin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T8328</td>
			<td>1:2000 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antibody anti-peripherin</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>AB1530</td>
			<td>1:1000 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hoechst dye</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>62249</td>
			<td>1.5 &#181;M final concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-heparan sulfate</td>
			<td>US Biological</td>
			<td>H1890-10</td>
			<td>0.180555556</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti gD antibody</td>
			<td>Virostat</td>
			<td>196</td>
			<td>1:10 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BSA&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A2153-100G</td>
			<td>*Part of SFM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BME</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>21010-046</td>
			<td>*Part of SFM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glucose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G7021-1KG</td>
			<td>*Part of SFM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KIT (Insulin-transferrin-Selenium-A)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>51300-044</td>
			<td>*Part of SFM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vitamin-C</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A4403</td>
			<td>*Part of SFM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Putrescine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P7505</td>
			<td>*Part of SFM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>488 (goat anti-mouse)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A11029</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cy3 (goat anti-rabbit)</td>
			<td>Jackson Immunoresearch laboratories</td>
			<td>111-165-003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal Goat serum&#160;</td>
			<td>Vector</td>
			<td>S-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formalin Solution</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>HT5014-120ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10010-031</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton-X</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T9284-500ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VectaShield</td>
			<td>Vector</td>
			<td>H-1500</td>
			<td>Flurescence mount</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diamond White Glass Coverslides</td>
			<td>Globe Scientific</td>
			<td>1380-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

adult mouse drg explant and dissociated cell models to investigate neuroplasticity and responses to environmental insults including viral infection

本协议描述了鼠源性背根神经节 外植体的原生模型, 并介绍了分离的感官神经元和胶质细胞的与后向的联合培养。这些都是有用的和多才多艺的模型, 以调查各种生物学反应的生理和病理条件的周围神经系统 (三七), 从神经胶质相互作用, 可塑性,neuroinflammation 和病毒感染。与单纯的单细胞模型相比, 根背节外植体的使用具有很科学的优越性。例如, 作为一种脊髓的文化, 根背节外植体允许在整个神经元网络中进行 "前体" 转移, 包括在所有神经元和胶质功能中发挥重要作用的胞内微环境。此外, 在几天内还可以保持根背根节外植体, 并且培养条件可能会因需要而受到扰动. 此外, 收获的根背根可以进一步分离成一个体外的原始感觉神经元和卫星胶质细胞的共培养, 以研究神经元-胶质相互作用, neuritogenesis, 轴突锥相互作用与胞外微环境, 更一般, 与神经元代谢相关的任何方面。因此, 背节-外植体系统提供了极大的灵活性, 以成本效益的方式研究与生物、生理和病理条件有关的广泛事件。

可塑性和神经元-环境相互作用的多个方面可以用根神经节和一个分离细胞培养模型来研究。我们开始的研究, 通过隔离根背节外植体和根背节衍生的离解细胞, 以示意性代表在图 1。组织和单细胞模型可以通过使用多种分子技术, 如免疫荧光, 西方印迹, 基因组分析, 和其他分析技术, 取决于实验设计和目的的性质。首先, 我们使用我们的根背根外植体模型来研究生物化学线索对...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Adult Mouse DRG Explant and Dissociated Cell Models to Investigate Neuroplasticity and Responses to Environmental Insults Including Viral Infection at JoVE.co

Adult Mouse DRG Explant and Dissociated Cell Models to Investigate Neuroplasticity and Responses to Environmental Insults Including Viral Infection

在本报告中, 强调了脊髓培养和分离的原代培养的小鼠背根神经节的优势, 以调查与神经元-胶质细胞相互作用的广泛机制, 可塑性,neuroinflammation 和对病毒感染的反应。

成年小鼠背根节外植体和分离细胞模型调查可塑性和对包括病毒感染在内的环境侮辱的反应

This protocol describes an ex vivo model of mouse-derived dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explant and in vitro DRG-derived co-culture of dissociated sensory ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Mouse Models of Periventricular Leukomalacia

脑室周围白质软化的小鼠模型

We describe a protocol for establishing mouse models of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). PVL is the predominant form of brain injury in premature ...

科研

神经科学

Using a Comparative Species Approach to Investigate the Neurobiology of Paternal Responses

使用方法比较物种调查父亲的反应神经生物学

A goal of behavioral neuroscience is to identify underlying neurobiological factors that regulate specific behaviors.  Using animal models to accomplish ...

Dissection of Adult Mouse Utricle and Adenovirus-mediated Supporting-cell Infection

解剖成年小鼠的椭圆囊和腺病毒介导的支撑细胞的感染

Hearing loss and balance disturbances are often caused by death of mechanosensory hair cells, which are the receptor cells of the inner ear.  Since there ...

Isolation of CA1 Nuclear Enriched Fractions from Hippocampal Slices to Study Activity-dependent Nuclear Import of Synapto-nuclear Messenger Proteins

从海马CA1区片核富含分的分离，研究突触核信使蛋白质的活性依赖进口核

Studying activity dependent protein expression, subcellular translocation, or phosphorylation is essential to understand the underlying cellular ...

Stab Wound Injury of the Zebrafish Adult Telencephalon: A Method to Investigate Vertebrate Brain Neurogenesis and Regeneration

斑马鱼成人端脑的一刀，受伤：一个方法调查脊椎动物脑部神经发​​生与再生

Adult zebrafish have an amazing capacity to regenerate their central nervous system after injury. To investigate the cellular response and the molecular ...

Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease

嗅觉测定的神经退行性疾病的小鼠模型

In many neurodegenerative diseases and particularly in Parkinson&#8217;s disease, deficits in olfaction are reported to occur early in the disease process ...

Stripe Assay to Study the Attractive or Repulsive Activity of a Protein Substrate Using Dissociated Hippocampal Neurons

条纹分析来研究蛋白质底物使用游离海马神经元的吸引力或令人反感的活动

Growing axons develop a highly motile structure at their tip, termed the growth cone. The growth cone contacts extracellular environmental cues to ...

A Novel Behavioral Assay to Investigate Gustatory Responses of Individual, Freely-moving Bumble Bees (Bombus terrestris)

A Novel Behavioral Assay to Investigate Gustatory Responses of Individual, Freely-moving Bumble Bees Bombus terrestris

一种新的行为分析调查个人的味觉，可自由移动的熊蜂（<em&gt;欧洲熊蜂</em&gt;）

Generalist pollinators like the buff-tailed bumble bee, Bombus terrestris, encounter both nutrients and toxins in the floral nectar they collect from ...

Use of Synaptic Zinc Histochemistry to Reveal Different Regions and Laminae in the Developing and Adult Brain

利用突触锌组织化学在发育和成人大脑中揭示不同的区域和叶片

Characterization of anatomical and functional brain organization and development requires accurate identification of distinct neural circuits and regions ...

Light-Induced Molecular Adsorption of Proteins Using the PRIMO System for Micro-Patterning to Study Cell Responses to Extracellular Matrix Proteins

使用 PRIMO 微模式系统对蛋白质的光诱导分子吸附，研究细胞对细胞外基质蛋白的反应

Cells sense a variety of extracellular cues, including the composition and geometry of the extracellular matrix, which is synthesized and remodeled by the ...