Name: cavernous nerve stimulation and recording of intracavernous pressure in a rat
Uploaded: 2018-04-23T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cavernous Nerve Stimulation and Recording of Intracavernous Pressure in a Rat at JoVE.com

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Dyr har været opstaldet i Syddansk Universitet dyrs pleje facilitet som pr institutionelle retningslinjer. Alle dyreforsøg blev gennemført i overensstemmelse med National Institutes of Health vejledning i pleje og anvendelse af forsøgsdyr. Dette er en akut, ikke-overlevelse kirurgi procedure.
1. forberedelse af slanger, elektrode og instrumenter til den kirurgiske Procedure
<ol><li>Brug de følgende microsurgical instrumenter: kirurgisk saks, vinklet mikro saks, en væv pincet, et par af...

<ol>
	<li>Eckhard, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Untersuchungen &#252;ber die Erektion des Hundes In: Beitr&#228;ge zur Anatomie und Physiologie. , 123-166 (1863).</li><li>Quinlan, D. M., Nelson, R. J., Partin, A. W., Mostwin, J. L., Walsh, P. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+rat+as+a+model+for+the+study+of+penile+erection.">The rat as a model for the study of penile erection.</a> J Urol. 141 (3), 656-661 (1989).</li><li>Heaton, J. P., Varrin, S. 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L., Becker, R. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunophilin+ligands+promote+penile+neurogenesis+and+erection+recovery+after+cavernous+nerve+injury.">Immunophilin ligands promote penile neurogenesis and erection recovery after cavernous nerve injury.</a> J Urol. 171 (1), 495-500 (2004).</li><li>Yamashita, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nerve+injury-related+erectile+dysfunction+following+nerve-sparing+radical+prostatectomy:+a+novel+experimental+dissection+model.">Nerve injury-related erectile dysfunction following nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy: a novel experimental dissection model.</a> Int J Urol. 16 (11), 905-911 (2009).</li><li>Burnett, A. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=GGF2+is+neuroprotective+in+a+rat+model+of+cavernous+nerve+injury-induced+erectile+dysfunction.">GGF2 is neuroprotective in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury-induced erectile dysfunction.</a> J Sex Med. 12 (4), 897-905 (2015).</li><li>Lin, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanoparticle+Improved+Stem+Cell+Therapy+for+Erectile+Dysfunction+in+a+Rat+Model+of+Cavernous+Nerve+Injury.">Nanoparticle Improved Stem Cell Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Cavernous Nerve Injury.</a> J Urol. 195 (3), 788-795 (2016).</li><li>Kapoor, M. S., Khan, S. A., Gupta, S. K., Choudhary, R., Bodakhe, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+erectile+dysfunction.">Animal models of erectile dysfunction.</a> J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 76, 43-54 (2015).</li><li>Mehta, N., Sikka, S., Rajasekaran, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rat+as+an+animal+model+for+male+erectile+function+evaluation+in+sexual+medicine+research.">Rat as an animal model for male erectile function evaluation in sexual medicine research.</a> J Sex Med. 5 (6), 1278-1283 (2008).</li><li>Cellek, S., Bivalacqua, T. J., Burnett, A. L., Chitaley, K., Lin, C. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Common+pitfalls+in+some+of+the+experimental+studies+in+erectile+function+and+dysfunction:+a+consensus+article.">Common pitfalls in some of the experimental studies in erectile function and dysfunction: a consensus article.</a> J Sex Med. 9 (11), 2770-2784 (2012).</li><li>Chung, E., De Young, L., Brock, G. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Investigative+models+in+erectile+dysfunction:+a+state-of-the-art+review+of+current+animal+models.">Investigative models in erectile dysfunction: a state-of-the-art review of current animal models.</a> J Sex Med. 8 (12), 3291-3305 (2011).</li><li>Mullerad, M., Donohue, J. F., Li, P. S., Scardino, P. T., Mulhall, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+sequelae+of+cavernous+nerve+injury+in+the+rat:+is+there+model+dependency.">Functional sequelae of cavernous nerve injury in the rat: is there model dependency.</a> J Sex Med. 3 (1), 77-83 (2006).</li><li>Albersen, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Injections+of+adipose+tissue-derived+stem+cells+and+stem+cell+lysate+improve+recovery+of+erectile+function+in+a+rat+model+of+cavernous+nerve+injury.">Injections of adipose tissue-derived stem cells and stem cell lysate improve recovery of erectile function in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury.</a> J Sex Med. 7 (10), 3331-3340 (2010).</li></ol>

Det vigtigste mål for denne undersøgelse var at beskrive en forenklet kirurgisk teknik af penis crus cannulation for ICP optagelse og isolation i den kombinerede nomenklatur for elektrostimulation. Vi indførte ændringer til dissektion af den hule krop til at forenkle kirurgi og giver reproducerbare optagelser af stigning af ICP med KN-stimulation. Med en 1 cm lodret hud indsnit, lateral til bunden af penis, ved hjælp af den håndgribelig ischial tuberositas som vejledning, opnåede vi god eksponering af ischiocavern...

In vivo undersøgelse af erektil funktion hos forsøgsdyr startede i 1863 med det banebrydende eksperimentelle arbejde af Eckhard1. Elektrostimulation af bækken nerver blev brugt til at fremkalde øget ICP hos hunde. I hele det 20. århundrede, blev lignende eksperimentelle protokoller brugt i større dyr som hunde, aber, katte og kaniner. Evaluering af erektil funktion i en rotte blev først udviklet af Quinlan et al. 19892. Metoden er siden ændret og opdateret af flere andre grupper34. I dag, er rotten mest udbredte dyremodel for at studere patologi af erektil dysfunktion og evaluere nye behandlingsmuligheder. De vigtigste trin i proceduren omfatter optagelse systemisk blodtryk ved hjælp af en linje i halspulsåren, cannulation af de penis crus foranstaltning ICP og stimulering af den kombinerede nomenklatur til at fremkalde en stigning i ICP. Selv om flere forskere har forfinet modellen, dens reproducerbarhed er fortsat et problem, og variable resultater er blevet rapporteret af forskellige laboratorier. Flere faldgruber stadig eksisterer.
Tidligere artikler5,6,7,8,9,10 beskrive brugen af fuld penis eksponering med degloving af penis for hule krop cannulation. Dette er ikke en optimal strategi som manipulation og forstyrrende dissektion forårsager skade for strukturer, som er afgørende for erektil funktion. Dissektion af den kombinerede nomenklatur er blevet godt beskrevet10,11, men stimulation af nerve er ikke optimal på grund af flere faktorer, der kan påvirke eksperimentelle resultater. Teknikken med KN-stimulation omfatter ophævelse nerve fra det omgivende væv ved at trække på den bipolare krog elektrode, som er placeret i nærheden af nerven, og tørring nerve før hver stimulation. Dette kan føre til forskellige grader af nerveskader og elektriske nuværende lækage, hvilket resulterer i en formindsket svar eller falsk stigning i ICP gennem stimulering af alternative veje f.eks., bækkenbundsmusklerne, blære og mave tarmkanalen12. Alle disse faktorer begrænser reproducerbarhed.
I løbet af vores undersøgelse konstaterede vi, at både dybde og typen af anæstesi har en dybtgående indvirkning på ICP. Anæstetika bruges er natrium pentobarbital, ketamin/xylazin eller ketamin/midazolam injektion eller isofluran/ilt indånding.
Her beskriver vi en forenklet kirurgiske metode og levere data til støtte for standardisering af de forsøgsplan.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">Adson forceps</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">Dumont #7 forceps</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Fine Science Tool</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11271-30</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">Dumont #5 forceps</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Fine Science Tool</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11273-20</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">ToughCut Mayo scissor</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Fine Science Tool</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14110-15</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">Miniature Vannas Spring scissor</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Fine Science Tool</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15006-09</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">Ultra Fine Hemostat</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Fine Science Tool</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">13020-12</td>
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			<td style="width:199px;">Fine Science Tool</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">13004-14</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">Kwik-Sil Adhesive</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">KWIK-SIL</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">Teflon coated silver wire 0.125 mm</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AGT0510</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">Elastic wire retractors</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Custom made</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">Scalpel blade</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Fine Science Tool</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10023-00</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">PE-50 tubing</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Warner Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">64-0753</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">23 G Needle</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Kruuse</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">121272</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">SD-9 Square Pulse Stimulator</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Somatco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1077/183</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">Blood pressure transducer and cable</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>BLPR2</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Raucotupf Cotton-tipped Applicators</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Lohmann-Raucher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11966</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">Pro-ophta Ocular Sticks</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Lohmann-Raucher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">16515</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">NaCl 0,9 % 100 mL</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Local pharmacy</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">Heparin</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Local pharmacy</td>
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			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">25 mL Syringe</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Odense University Hospital</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">Vet eye ointment - Viscotears</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Local pharmacy</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">silver wires&#160;</td>
			<td colspan="2">Science Products GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:257px;">Silicon Glue&#160;</td>
			<td colspan="3">Kwik-Sil, World Precision Instruments, Sarasota, FL, USA</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

cavernous nerve stimulation and recording of intracavernous pressure in a rat

Stimulering af den hule nerve (KN) og måling af intrakavernøs tryk (ICP) har været brugt flittigt til at teste og evaluere terapier for erektil dysfunktion. Men metoderne varierer mellem laboratorier, og faldgruber stadig eksisterer. Målet med denne undersøgelse var at beskrive en kirurgisk teknik, der ville give en pålidelig og reproducerbar model. Ved at udsætte ischiocavernosus musklen på sin tidspunkt for indsættelse på den ischial tuberositas, kunne de penis crus kanylerede med minimal dissektion og skade de strukturer, der er involveret i erektil funktion. Gentagne stimulation i den kombinerede nomenklatur, uden behov for løft og tørring, blev opnået ved hjælp af en 125 µm bipolar sølv elektrode og biokompatible silicium lim til at isolere elektrode-nerve-komplekset. Denne metode forhindrer neuropraxia ved at reducere stretching og tørring af nerve og giver fuldstændig isolation af nerve, virkningsløs elektriske lækage og forhindre stimulation af alternative veje.

Anvendelse af denne protokol med indstillingerne anbefalet stimulation under inhalation anæstesi med isofluran 2,0% ilt 0,8 L/min., skal producere resultater som vist i Figur 11 og figur12, hvor der er flere tilbage til tilbage stimulering mellem 75-80 mm Hg. Figur 13 viser den samme stabile svar over en 20-min stimulation med svaret stabilt på 73-77 mm Hg. Test linjen for ICP måling af rødme...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cavernous Nerve Stimulation and Recording of Intracavernous Pressure in a Rat at JoVE.com

Cavernous Nerve Stimulation and Recording of Intracavernous Pressure in a Rat

Denne undersøgelse beskriver en forenklet kirurgisk procedure og teknik til at udføre bundløs nervestimulation med isolering af nerve-elektrode komplekse ved hjælp af silikone lim og intrakavernøs pres måling.

Bundløs nervestimulation og optagelse af intrakavernøs pres i en rotte

The stimulation of the cavernous nerve (CN) and measurement of intracavernous pressure (ICP) have been used extensively to test and evaluate therapies for ...

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Epidural intrakranielt tryk Måling i rotter med et fiberoptisk Pressure Transducer

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Excitotoxic Stimulation of Brain Microslices as an In vitro Model of Stroke

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Examining molecular mechanisms involved in neuropathological conditions, such as ischemic stroke, can be difficult when using whole animal systems. As ...

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Intrauterine Telemetry to Measure Mouse Contractile Pressure In Vivo

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A complex integration of molecular and electrical signals is needed to transform a quiescent uterus into a contractile organ at the end of pregnancy. ...

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Resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) is a technique that identifies connectivity between different brain regions based on correlations ...

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Renal sympathetic nerves contribute significantly to both physiological and pathophysiological phenomena. Evaluating renal sympathetic nerve activity ...

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Subkutan trigeminal nervefelt stimulering for ildfast ansigtspine

Chronic or neuropathic trigeminal facial pain can be challenging to treat. Neurosurgical procedures should be applied when conservative treatment fails. ...

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Induktion og Micro-CT billeddannelse af Cerebral bundløs misdannelser i musen Model

Mutations in the CCM1 (aka KRIT1), CCM2, or CCM3 (aka PDCD10) gene cause cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) in humans. Mouse models of CCM disease have ...

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression

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Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an approved neurostimulation therapy. The purpose of the method is to treat patients with therapy-resistant depression ...

Simultaneous Electrocardiography Recording and Invasive Blood Pressure Measurement in Rats

Samtidige Elektrokardiografi optagelse og Invasive blod pres måling i rotter

For studies related to cardiovascular physiology or pathophysiology, blood pressure (BP) and electrocardiography are basic observational parameters. ...

Updated Technique for Reliable, Easy, and Tolerated Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Including Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Opdateret teknik til pålidelig, nem og tolereret Transcranial elektrisk stimulation, herunder Transcranial jævnstrøm stimulation

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive method of neuromodulation using low-intensity direct electrical currents. This method of ...