Name: a method to study adaptation to left-right reversed audition
Uploaded: 2018-10-29T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了来自 jsp KAKENHI 授权编号 JP17K00209 的赠款的部分支持。作者感谢孝之星野和川和宏茂多的技术援助。

这里描述的所有方法都是由东京电机大学道德委员会批准的。对于每一位参与者, 在参与者收到对该议定书的详细解释后获得知情同意。
1. 左右逆向试镜系统的设置
<ol><li>
没有参与者的反向试镜系统的设置
	<ol>
<li>准备线性脉冲编码调制 (LPCM) 记录器、双耳麦克风和双耳入耳式耳机。</li>
		<li>将麦克风生气的左右线连接到 LPCM 录音机, 以便将左右反转模拟声音信?...

<ol>
	<li>Sugita, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visual+evoked+potentials+of+adaptation+to+left-right+reversed+vision.">Visual evoked potentials of adaptation to left-right reversed vision.</a> Perceptual and Motor Skills. 79 (2), 1047-1054 (1994).</li><li>Sekiyama, K., Miyauchi, S., Imaruoka, T., Egusa, H., Tashiro, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Body+image+as+a+visuomotor+transformation+device+revealed+in+adaptation+to+reversed+vision.">Body image as a visuomotor transformation device revealed in adaptation to reversed vision.</a> Nature. 407 (6802), 374-377 (2000).</li><li>Takeda, S., Endo, H., Honda, S., Weinberg, H., Takeda, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MEG+recording+for+spatial+S-R+compatibility+task+under+adaptation+to+right-left+reversed+vision.">MEG recording for spatial S-R compatibility task under adaptation to right-left reversed vision.</a> Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Biomagnetism. , 347-350 (2001).</li><li>Miyauchi, S., Egusa, H., Amagase, M., Sekiyama, K., Imaruoka, T., Tashiro, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adaptation+to+left-right+reversed+vision+rapidly+activates+ipsilateral+visual+cortex+in+humans.">Adaptation to left-right reversed vision rapidly activates ipsilateral visual cortex in humans.</a> Journal of Physiology Paris. 98 (1-3), 207-219 (2004).</li><li>Sekiyama, K., Hashimoto, K., Sugita, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visuo-somatosensory+reorganization+in+perceptual+adaptation+to+reversed+vision.">Visuo-somatosensory reorganization in perceptual adaptation to reversed vision.</a> Acta psychologica. 141 (2), 231-242 (2012).</li><li>Stratton, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Some+preliminary+experiments+on+vision+without+inversion+of+the+retinal+image.">Some preliminary experiments on vision without inversion of the retinal image.</a> Psychological Review. 3 (6), 611-617 (1896).</li><li>Linden, D. E., Kallenbach, U., Heinecke, A., Singer, W., Goebel, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+myth+of+upright+vision.+A+psychophysical+and+functional+imaging+study+of+adaptation+to+inverting+spectacles.">The myth of upright vision. A psychophysical and functional imaging study of adaptation to inverting spectacles.</a> Perception. 28 (4), 469-481 (1999).</li><li>Thompson, S. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+pseudophone.">The pseudophone.</a> The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Series 5. 5 (50), 385-390 (1879).</li><li>Wenzel, E. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Localization+in+virtual+acoustic+displays.">Localization in virtual acoustic displays.</a> Presence: Teleoperators &amp; Virtual Environments. 1 (1), 80-107 (1992).</li><li>Carlile, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Virtual Auditory Space: Generation and Applications. , (2013).</li><li>Young, T. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Auditory+localization+with+acoustical+transposition+of+the+ears.">Auditory localization with acoustical transposition of the ears.</a> Journal of Experimental Psychology. 11 (6), 399-429 (1928).</li><li>Willey, C. F., Inglis, E., Pearce, C. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reversal+of+auditory+localization.">Reversal of auditory localization.</a> Journal of Experimental Psychology. 20 (2), 114-130 (1937).</li><li>Ohtsubo, H., Teshima, T., Nakamizo, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+head+movements+on+sound+localization+with+an+electronic+pseudophone.">Effects of head movements on sound localization with an electronic pseudophone.</a> Japanese Psychological Research. 22 (3), 110-118 (1980).</li><li>Hofman, P. M., Vlaming, M. S., Termeer, P. J., van Opstal, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+to+induce+swapped+binaural+hearing.">A method to induce swapped binaural hearing.</a> Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 113 (2), 167-179 (2002).</li><li>Aoyama, A., Kuriki, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+wearable+system+for+adaptation+to+left-right+reversed+audition+tested+in+combination+with+magnetoencephalography.">A wearable system for adaptation to left-right reversed audition tested in combination with magnetoencephalography.</a> Biomedical Engineering Letters. 7 (3), 205-213 (2017).</li><li>Brainard, D. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Psychophysics+Toolbox.">The Psychophysics Toolbox.</a> Spatial Vision. 10 (4), 433-436 (1997).</li><li>Pelli, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+VideoToolbox+software+for+visual+psychophysics:+transforming+numbers+into+movies.">The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: transforming numbers into movies.</a> Spatial Vision. 10 (4), 437-442 (1997).</li><li>Kleiner, M., Brainard, D., Pelli, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=What's+new+in+Psychtoolbox-3?.">What's new in Psychtoolbox-3?.</a> Perception. 36 (14), (2007).</li><li>Gramfort, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MEG+and+EEG+data+analysis+with+MNE-Python.">MEG and EEG data analysis with MNE-Python.</a> Frontiers in Neuroscience. 7, 267 (2013).</li><li>Gramfort, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MNE+software+for+processing+MEG+and+EEG+data.">MNE software for processing MEG and EEG data.</a> NeuroImage. 86, 446-460 (2014).</li><li>Barnett, L., Seth, A. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+MVGC+multivariate+Granger+causality+toolbox:+a+new+approach+to+Granger-causal+inference.">The MVGC multivariate Granger causality toolbox: a new approach to Granger-causal inference.</a> Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 223, 50-68 (2014).</li><li>Green, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temporal+auditory+acuity.">Temporal auditory acuity.</a> Psychological Review. 78 (6), 540-551 (1971).</li><li>He, S., Cavanagh, P., Intriligator, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Attentional+resolution+and+the+locus+of+visual+awareness.">Attentional resolution and the locus of visual awareness.</a> Nature. 383 (6598), 334-337 (1996).</li><li>Anton-Erxleben, K., Carrasco, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Attentional+enhancement+of+spatial+resolution:+linking+behavioural+and+neurophysiological+evidence.">Attentional enhancement of spatial resolution: linking behavioural and neurophysiological evidence.</a> Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 14 (3), 188-200 (2013).</li><li>Perrott, D. R., Saberi, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Minimum+audible+angle+thresholds+for+sources+varying+in+both+elevation+and+azimuth.">Minimum audible angle thresholds for sources varying in both elevation and azimuth.</a> Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 87 (4), 1728-1731 (1990).</li><li>Grantham, D. W., Hornsby, B. W., Erpenbeck, E. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Auditory+spatial+resolution+in+horizontal,+vertical,+and+diagonal+planes.">Auditory spatial resolution in horizontal, vertical, and diagonal planes.</a> Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 114 (2), 1009-1022 (2003).</li><li>Xie, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Head-Related Transfer Function and Virtual Auditory Display. , (2013).</li><li>Stenfelt, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acoustic+and+physiologic+aspects+of+bone+conduction+hearing.">Acoustic and physiologic aspects of bone conduction hearing.</a> Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 71, 10-21 (2011).</li><li>Zwiers, M. P., van Opstal, A. J., Paige, G. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasticity+in+human+sound+localization+induced+by+compressed+spatial+vision.">Plasticity in human sound localization induced by compressed spatial vision.</a> Nature Neuroscience. 6 (2), 175-181 (2003).</li><li>Huster, R. J., Debener, S., Eichele, T., Herrmann, C. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methods+for+simultaneous+EEG-fMRI:+an+introductory+review.">Methods for simultaneous EEG-fMRI: an introductory review.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 32 (18), 6053-6060 (2012).</li><li>Veniero, D., Vossen, A., Gross, J., Thut, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lasting+EEG/MEG+aftereffects+of+rhythmic+transcranial+brain+stimulation:+level+of+control+over+oscillatory+network+activity.">Lasting EEG/MEG aftereffects of rhythmic transcranial brain stimulation: level of control over oscillatory network activity.</a> Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. 9, 477 (2015).</li></ol>

拟议的《议定书》旨在建立一种研究如何适应左右逆向试镜的方法, 以此作为揭示人类适应新听觉环境的有效工具。在代表性结果的证明下, 该装置实现了具有高时空精度的左向右反式试镜。尽管以前的反试镜仪器11,12,13,14在前听觉领域是非常可靠的, 该协议提供了高性能的360°声源定位与听觉特征相结...

适应新环境是人类在任何情况下都能稳健生活的基本功能之一。一个有效的工具, 以揭示人类环境适应性机制是一个不寻常的感官空间, 是由仪器人工生产。在过去的大多数研究中, 有棱镜的特殊眼镜被用来实现左右反转视觉1、2、3、4、5或上下逆向视觉6,7。此外, 从几天到一个多月的这种视觉暴露揭示了感性和行为适应1、2、3、4、5、6,7 (例如, 骑自行车的能力2,5,7)。此外, 使用神经影像技术 (如脑电图 (EEG)1、脑磁图 (MEG)3和功能性磁共振成像 (fMRI)2) 对大脑活动进行周期性测量, 4,5,7, 检测到适应的神经活动的变化 (例如, 单边视觉刺激的双边视觉激活4,5). 虽然参与者的外观在某种程度上变得奇怪, 观察者需要很大的照顾来保持参与者的安全, 但棱镜的反转视觉可提供精确的三维 (3D) 视觉信息, 而无需可穿戴方式的任何延迟。因此, 揭示环境适应性机制的方法在视觉领域是相对确立的。
在 1879年, 汤普森提出了一个 pseudophone 的概念, "一个工具, 研究双耳试镜的法律, 它产生的错觉, 它在空间的声学感知"8。然而, 与视觉案例1、2、3、4、5、6、7相比, 很少有人试图研究适应不同寻常听觉空间, 并没有明显的知识已获得迄今。尽管开发虚拟听觉显示器有很长的历史9,10, 可穿戴设备控制3D 试镜很少被开发。因此, 只有少数报告审查了对左右逆向试镜的适应。一个传统的仪器包括一对弯曲的喇叭, 交叉和插入到一个参与者的耳管中的反之方式11,12。在 1928年, 年轻的第一次报告使用这些交叉喇叭, 并连续佩戴3天或总共85小时, 以测试适应左右反转试镜。威利等。12重新测试了三名参与者分别佩戴喇叭3、7和8天的适应。弯曲的喇叭很容易提供左右反转试镜, 但有一个问题与可靠性的空间准确性, 耐磨性, 和奇怪的外观。一个更先进的反试镜仪器是一个电子系统, 其中的头/耳机和麦克风的左和右线反向连接13,14。文雄等。13通过连接到固定放大器的第一个双耳耳机麦克风实现听觉反转, 并评估其性能。最近, 霍夫曼等。14交叉链接的全渠道助听器和测试适应在两个参与者分别佩戴艾滋病49小时3天3周。尽管这些研究报告在前听觉领域的声源定位性能很高, 但后卫中的声源定位和电气设备的潜在延迟从未得到评估。特别是在霍夫曼等。研究表明, 助听器的空间性能保证了前60°在头固定状态和前150°的无头状态, 提示未知 omniazimuth 性能。此外, 暴露期可能太短, 无法检测与适应有关的现象, 与2、4、5等较长的反转视力情况相比。这些研究都没有用神经影像技术测量大脑活动。因此, 在时空准确性、短曝光期和神经影像的不利用方面的不确定性可能是少数报告的原因, 以及对左右反转试镜的适应性知识有限。
由于最近在可穿戴声学技术方面的进步, 青山和栗城15成功地构建了一个左右颠倒的3D 试镜, 只使用最近可用的穿戴设备, 并实现了高 omniazimuth 系统时空精度。此外, 大约一个1月的接触使用该仪器的反向试镜展示了一些代表性的结果 MEG 测量。在本文中, 我们描述了一个详细的协议来设置、验证和使用系统, 并通过在没有系统的情况下定期执行的神经影像来测试左右反转试镜的适应性。这种方法有效地揭示了人类对听觉领域新环境的适应性。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Linear pulse-code-modulation recorder</td>
			<td>Sony</td>
			<td>PCM-M10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Binaural microphones</td>
			<td>Roland</td>
			<td>CS-10EM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Binaural in-ear earphones</td>
			<td>Etymotic Research</td>
			<td>ER-4B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Digital angle protractor</td>
			<td>Wenzhou Sanhe Measuring Instrument</td>
			<td>5422-200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plane-wave speaker</td>
			<td>Alphagreen</td>
			<td>SS-2101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Video camera</td>
			<td>Sony</td>
			<td>HDR-CX560</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MATLAB</td>
			<td>Mathworks</td>
			<td>R2012a, R2015a</td>
			<td>R2012a for stimulation and R2015a for analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Psychophysics Toolbox</td>
			<td>Free</td>
			<td>Version 3</td>
			<td>http://psychtoolbox.org</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insert earphones</td>
			<td>Etymotic Research</td>
			<td>ER-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnetoencephalography system</td>
			<td>Neuromag</td>
			<td>Neuromag-122 TM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electroencephalography system</td>
			<td>Brain Products</td>
			<td>acti64CHamp</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MNE</td>
			<td>Free</td>
			<td>MNE Software Version 2.7, 
			MNE 0.13</td>
			<td>https://martinos.org/mne/stable/index.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>The Multivariate Granger Causality Toolbox</td>
			<td>Free</td>
			<td>mvgc_v1.0</td>
			<td>http://www.sussex.ac.uk/sackler/mvgc/</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a method to study adaptation to left-right reversed audition

一个不寻常的感官空间是揭示人类适应新环境的机制的有效工具之一。尽管以前的大多数研究都使用棱镜的特殊眼镜来实现视觉领域中的不寻常空间, 但研究适应不同寻常听觉空间的方法尚未完全确立。本研究提出了一种新的协议, 用于设置、验证和使用仅使用可穿戴设备的左右反转立体声系统, 并通过神经影像学研究对左右反转试镜的适应。虽然单独的声学特性尚未实现, 非反向声音的轻微溢出是相对不可控制的, 但所构建的设备在360°声源定位与听觉结合时表现出高性能特性, 延迟小。此外, 它看起来像一个移动音乐播放器, 使参与者能够专注于日常生活, 而不会引起好奇心或吸引其他人的注意。由于适应性的影响在知觉、行为和神经水平上得到了成功的检测, 因此得出的结论是, 该协议为研究适应左右逆向试镜提供了一个有前途的方法, 是一种有效的工具, 用于揭示人类对听觉领域新环境的适应性。

此处显示的代表性结果基于青山和栗城15。本协议实现了具有高时空精度的左右反转试镜。图 1显示了在将左右反转试演系统 (图 1A) 放在六参与者中的方向上的声音源本地化, 如余弦相似性所示。如图 1B所示, 正常情况下的知觉角度与物理角度 (正相关, 调整R2 = 0.99) 很好地?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition at JoVE.com

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

一种研究左右反试镜的适应方法

本研究提出了一种通过神经影像学的方法来研究仅由可穿戴设备实现的对左右反式试镜的适应, 这是一种有效的工具, 可以揭示人类对新环境的适应性。听觉领域。

An unusual sensory space is one of the effective tools to uncover the mechanism of adaptability of humans to a novel environment. Although most of the ...

这种方法是揭示人类在听觉领域对新环境的适应性的有效工具。这种技术的主要优点是，长期适应精确的左右反向试镜可以结合神经成像以可变的方式进行测试。演示这个程序的将是来自我实验室的研究生高木野。首先，准备线性脉冲编码调制器、双耳麦克风和双耳耳内耳机。首先，将麦克风的左右线交叉连接到录像机，使左右反向模拟声音信号数字化。然后，将耳机的左右线直接连接到录音机，以便立即播放反向数字化信号。最后，将麦克风和耳机的实体放在一起，通过隔音材料进行轻微隔离。然后用专用挡风玻璃盖住麦克风，以抑制任何风噪。接下来，将充电电池和大容量高速存储卡插入录像机并打开。然后将系统主体放入口袋大小的袋子中。指示学员将耳机紧密插入耳道。然后断开左右麦克风的线路，将麦克风的主导耳侧直接连接到录音机。现在，让他们在调整录音机的音量时，反复起飞，放在系统的主导耳侧。这使得反向声音的主观响度相等。啊啊啊。检查非显性耳朵的响度。然后重新连接所有系统线路。告诉学员，在暴露期间，每当他们再次设置系统时，他们应遵循相同的校准程序。在反向试镜曝光之前，让参与者彻底练习神经成像实验中使用的任务。可以使用选择性反应时间任务。使用心理物理软件工具箱在 65 分贝声压水平下呈现 1000 赫兹声音，声音压力水平为 0.1 秒，每块播放 80 次。也使用2.5到3.5秒的刺激间间隔，在任一耳朵中打伪随机。任务应包含两个兼容块和两个不兼容块。在兼容条件下，参与者应立即用食指在身体与声音相同的一侧对声音做出响应。这应与参与者在身体对面用食指立即响应声音的不兼容条件交替。在暴露于反向试镜之前，使用训练有素的任务进行神经成像实验。记录 MEG 或 EEG 响应，以及左右手指响应。要开始曝光，请向学员提供足够数量的备用充电电池和大容量高速存储卡，以便他们可以根据需要更换它们。然后，反复提醒他们，他们有权随时退出曝光，并指示他们穿，校准和检查反向试镜系统自己在曝光期间。参与者在连续佩戴系统约一个月后应进行日常生活活动，但睡眠、洗澡、神经成像或紧急情况时除外。拆卸后，应立即使用耳塞更换系统，在静音区域时不产生任何声音。电池和存储卡也应该定期更换，在电池耗尽和内存产能过剩之前。为了便于适应，参与者应体验涉及高听觉输入的情况，例如玩电子游戏、在购物中心或校园散步以及尽可能长时间与两个多个人交谈。他们还应尽可能经常地记日记或向观察者提供主观报告，详细说明感知和行为变化、经历的事件或任何其他细节。在大约一个月的反向试镜暴露期间，每周在训练有素的任务下进行神经成像实验，而没有反向试镜系统，其方式与暴露前实验完全相同。最后，在目标曝光期后，参与者应脱下反向试镜系统。曝光结束后一周，在训练有素的任务下进行最后的神经成像实验。此图显示了在六名参与者中左右反转试镜系统之前和之后，声源定位在超过 360 度的方向上。在这里，在正常和反向条件下，感知角度和正弦调节物理角度之间的余弦相似性是针对不受管制的物理角度绘制的。在这里，我们看到反向条件下的感知角度与与物理角度相近的正常条件下的相反排列的感知角度之间的余弦相似性。此图显示了在一个参与者的暴露之前、期间和之后选择性反应时间任务中的行为和神经反应的变化。黄色区域表示在左右反向试镜中暴露的时间段。刺激响应的均数反应时间兼容且不兼容，此处可以看到，而在这里，我们看到由 MEG 数据的最低标准估计值评估的刺激响应兼容和不兼容条件的左右听觉 N1m 强度。此图显示了格兰杰在两名参与者的选择性反应时间任务中测试的听觉电机功能连接。显示左右电机和听觉区域。红色、黄色或缺少箭头表示在 P 阈值小于 0.05 时表现出显著性的参与者数。看完这段视频后，你应该对如何研究左右反向试镜有一个很好的理解，作为揭示人类对新颖听觉环境的适应性的工具。

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

Uncovering Beat Deafness: Detecting Rhythm Disorders with Synchronized Finger Tapping and Perceptual Timing Tasks

A set of behavioral tasks for assessing perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) is presented here ...

科研

行为学

Rodent Brain Microinjection to Study Molecular Substrates of Motivated Behavior

啮齿动物脑显微注射学习动机行为的分子基板

Brain microinjection can aid elucidation of the molecular substrates of complex behaviors, such as motivation. For this purpose rodents can serve as ...

A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking

一种方法来量化视觉信息加工儿童使用眼动追踪

Visual problems that occur early in life can have major impact on a child's development. Without verbal communication and only based on observational ...

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

可视化视觉适应

Many techniques have been developed to visualize how an image would appear to an individual with a different visual sensitivity: e.g., because of optical ...

Psychophysical Tracking Method to Measure Taste Preferences in Children and Adults

心理跟踪方法来衡量儿童和成人的口味偏好

The Monell two-series, forced-choice, paired-comparison tracking method provides a reliable measure of sweet taste preferences from childhood to ...

Using a Split-belt Treadmill to Evaluate Generalization of Human Locomotor Adaptation

用分体式跑步机评价人类运动适应的泛化

Understanding the mechanisms underlying locomotor learning helps researchers and clinicians optimize gait retraining as part of motor rehabilitation. ...

A Method to Test the Effect of Environmental Cues on Mating Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

A Method to Test the Effect of Environmental Cues on Mating Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

测试环境线索对交配行为的影响的方法<em&gt;黑腹果蝇</em

An individual's sexual drive is influenced by genotype, experience and environmental conditions. How these factors interact to modulate sexual behaviors ...

A Computational Method to Quantify Fly Circadian Activity

量化飞行昼夜活动的一种计算方法

In most animals and plants, circadian clocks orchestrate behavioral and molecular processes and synchronize them to the daily light-dark cycle. ...

Reversible Cooling-induced Deactivations to Study Cortical Contributions to Obstacle Memory in the Walking Cat

可逆冷却诱导 Deactivations 对行走猫的障碍记忆的皮层贡献研究

On complex, naturalistic terrain, sensory information about an environmental obstacle can be used to rapidly adjust locomotor movements for avoidance. For ...

Modified Blood Collection from Tail Veins of Non-anesthetized Mice with a Vacuum Blood Collection System and Eyeglass Magnifier

真空采血系统和眼镜放大镜从非麻醉小鼠尾静脉中修饰采血

Blood sample collection is the basis of experimental animal research. It is of importance to obtain adequate blood samples for various research purposes. ...